基于同步聚类的污水水质混合在线软测量方法

污水处理过程工况频繁波动,单一模型难以保证软测量精度,提出了基于同步聚类的出水COD混合在线软测量方法。模型由简化机理模型和建模误差补偿模型组成,其中简化机理模型作为主模型,集成模型作为误差补偿模型。机理模型用于表征污水处理过程的基本动态机理特性;误差补偿集成模型中子模型均采用线性模型,用以补偿不同工况下的机理模型建模误差。子模型个数采用在线同步聚类算法进行划分,考虑了输入和输出数据的时间区间,同时考虑了相邻数据间的关联性,提高了计算效率,改善了模型的实时性。采用实际污水处理厂数据进行仿真实验,验证了所提建模方法在多个运行工况下仍具有较好的精度。     

污水处理出水水质软测量建模研究

污水水质参数监测技术是限制实时在线控制的一个重要因素。本论文进行了基于神经网络软测量技术的污水处理出水水质软测量建模的研究,目标是解决污水处理厂重要出水水质指标因人工化验检测而产生的严重滞后问题,以实现污水处理出水水质的预测及控制。     

污水处理过程COD指标集成软测量模型

针对污水处理过程中水质参数COD指标难以在线检测的问题,提出一种基于分布式改进BP神经网络和灰色预测的COD指标集成软测量模型。为反映污水处理过程的不同工况,采用满意聚类算法对数据样本进行聚类处理,将数据样本划分为若干个子样本集,利用改进BP神经网络方法分别为每个子样本集建立预测模型,计算当前输入数据与各个聚类中心的欧式距离,将欧式距离较小的部分预测模型的输出进行综合,得到分布式神经网络的COD指标预估值;为反映COD指标的时间相关性,基于COD指标历史数据采用改进灰色预测建模方法计算得到当前时刻COD指标的预估值;采用动态加权方法将获得两个COD指标预估值进行加权集成。仿真实验表明,集成软测量模型具有较好的预测性能,可以满足污水处理过程COD指标实时检测的精度要求。     

基于类脑模块化神经网络的污水处理过程关键出水参数软测量

针对城市污水处理过程关键出水参数难以实时检测的问题，文中提出了一种基于类脑模块化神经网络（Brain-like modular neural network，BLMNN）的关键出水参数软测量方法.首先，基于互信息和专家知识进行任务分解，分析关键出水参数的相关变量，获取各出水参数的辅助变量.其次，通过模拟大脑皮层模块化分区结构，构建软测量子模型对各水质参数进行同步测量，降低软测量模型复杂度的同时保证了其精度.最后，通过基于实际数据的仿真实验验证了所提出方法的准确性和有效性.     

基于DP-RFR的多模型软测量建模

实际工业过程往往是一个多工况、非线性的大规模复杂系统,使得单一模型软测量建模方法难以充分挖掘数据信息。针对这一问题提出了一种基于密度峰(Density Peak,DP)聚类和随机森林回归(Random Forest Regression,RFR)的多模型软测量建模方法,从而对主导变量进行估计。首先,利用DP聚类算法对训练数据进行划分;其次,采用RFR方法建立各子类的回归子模型;最后采用开关切换的方法进行多模型融合。将提出方法应用于TE过程和丁烷蒸馏过程的软测量建模中,分别对产物G含量和丙烷含量进行估计。仿真结果表明估计精度得到提高,证明该方法是有效的。     

基于自适应多目标模糊聚类的多模型软测量

针对复杂非线性系统单模型软测量存在建模精度低、模型泛化能力差的问题,提出一种采用自适应多目标模糊聚类的多模型高斯过程回归(GPR)软测量建模方法。首先使用自适应多目标聚类方法自动确定聚类个数并得到最优数据子集,避免了聚类个数不易人为给定的问题;然后对各数据子集分别建立GPR子模型,最后采用子模型加权融合方法得到最终的预测结果。使用火电厂历史运行数据建立烟气含氧量软测量模型验证该方法,仿真结果表明,该方法可以提高软测量模型精度,提升模型泛化能力。     

基于免疫原理的RBF网络Carrousel氧化沟系统预报

为提高Carrousel氧化沟系统水质模拟的精度,利用免疫算法结合RBF神经网络进行建模,并加入k-means聚类对样本进行预处理。以某污水处理中心两年生产数据进行实验,测得出水TN的预报误差0.195 6,出水TP的预报误差0.145 6,较仅用RBF网络均有很大提高,证明该方法可以应用于Carrousel氧化沟系统的在线实时预测。     

MIMO最小二乘支持向量机污水处理在线软测量研究

污水处理系统是一个包含海量信息的非线性复杂系统。针对污水处理出水水质BOD（生物化学需氧量）、COD（化学需氧量）、TN（总含氮量）等难以在线实时检测等问题,建立了基于在线MIMO-LSSVM（多输入多输出最小二乘支持向量机）和PSO（微粒子群算法）的污水处理软测量模型。仿真结果表明,建立的软测量模型精度高、速度快,能很好地实现污水处理出水指标COD、BOD、TN等参数的实时测量和估计,为污水处理的实时在线控制创造必要的前提条件。     

基于多尺度小波LSSVR的污水处理过程软测量

针对污水处理中某些生物参数难以在线测量的情况,本文提出了一种基于小波核的多尺度最小二乘小波支持向量机软测量建模方法:。首先,选取墨西哥草帽小波函数作为最小二乘支持向量机的核函数,进而设计出多尺度小波最小二乘支持向量回归机(MW-LSSVR)。然后利用该支持向量机和出水水质参数特性建立混合软测量模型,实现对出水BOD浓度、COD浓度在线预测。通过在实际污水处理过程的应用,结果:表明本建模方法:具有较高的预测精度和较快的模型学习速度,能对BOD的做出准确的预测,一定程度上可以替代某些昂贵的在线测量仪表,给污水处理厂工作人员提供了控制操作依据,具有一定的实际应用价值。     

基于最大矩阵元法确定聚类数的软测量建模方法

采用模糊C均值聚类算法(FCM)与支持向量机(SVM)相结合的多模型建模方法:较单一支持向量机软测量模型而言,可以有效解决复杂工业对象的强非线性和大工况范围的问题。但是传统的模糊C均值聚类算法必须依赖先验知识预先确定聚类个数。本文通过建立样本间的相似矩阵,利用模糊聚类最大矩阵元法确定FCM最佳聚类个数,再由FCM对训练样本数据进行聚类并用SVM构建组合软测量模型,得到多模型软测量系统。在对双酚A结晶单元工艺分析的基础上,将该方法:应用于结晶单元苯酚含量的软测量建模,仿真结果:证明该建模方法:提高了模型的估计精度,具有更好的可行性和有效性,能够满足工业生产的要求。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.