基于新型神经网络PID控制器的温室温度控制技术

针对温室温度控制系统所存在的大惯性、非线性等问题,对基于重新参数化的B样条神经网络以及考虑到早熟现象的改进粒子群算法的B-BP-PSO-PID控制器进行研究;提出由PSO寻优找到最适合的β因子,得到适合权值搜索的最佳B样条基函数;提出由考虑早熟处理的改进粒子群算法取代传统BP后向传播算法来作为学习算法,有效克服传统算法易于陷入局部最优的缺点;仿真中以某温室20个不同时间的温度数据作为测试样本,结果表明,新型控制器的平均超调量为9.9%,平均响应时间为8.7s,可以实现对温室温度的最优化控制。     

一种基于单纯形搜索的粒子群优化算法

为了改善粒子群优化算法的求解性能,提出了一种基于单纯形搜索和粒子群优化的混合算法。该算法一方面自适应地确定惯性权重、认知以及社会参数来达到免参数目的,另一方面利用单纯形搜索来引导部分粒子的搜索方向,从而加速算法收敛。数值实验结果表明,与传统的粒子群算法和其他基于单纯形的粒子群算法相比,提出算法在评估次数、求解精度方面表现良好。     

基于AHTPSO的连续属性离散化算法

针对粗糙集不能较好地处理连续型属性的问题,结合粗糙集理论和粒子群算法,提出基于自适应混合禁忌搜索粒子群的连续属性离散化算法。首先,该算法通过对参数的自适应更新操作,从而避免了粒子群出现早熟的现象;然后将粒子群当代得到的全局最优粒子送入禁忌算法中进行优化,有效地提升了算法的局部探索能力;在兼顾决策表系统一致性的同时,将划分的断点初始化为一群随机粒子,通过改进后粒子群的自我迭代得到最佳的离散化划分点。实验结果表明,与其他结合粗糙集的离散化算法相比,该算法具有更高的规则分类精度和较少的离散化断点个数,对连续属性的离散化效果较好。     

分形插值在风速时间序列中的应用

针对风电场风速数据中大量连续缺失数据的插值问题,提出了一种基于自适应变异粒子群优化（PSO）的分形插值算法。首先,在粒子群优化算法中引入变异因子,增强粒子的多样性,提高算法搜索精度;其次,通过自适应变异粒子群优化算法来得到分形插值算法中垂直比例因子参数的最佳取值;最后,对两组不同趋势和变化特征的数据集进行分形插值计算分析,并把所提算法与Lagrange插值和三次样条插值方法进行对比。结果表明：分形插值不仅可以保持风速曲线的整体波动特性和局部特征,而且比传统插值方法的精度更高;在基于Dataset A的实验中,分形插值的均方根误差（RMSE）分别比Lagrange插值和三次样条插值减小了66.52%和58.57%;在基于Dataset B的实验中,分形插值的RMSE分别比Lagrange插值和三次样条插值减小了76.72%和67.33%。证明分形插值更适合连续缺失且波动强烈的风速时间序列的插值。     

多样性反馈与控制的粒子群优化算法

针对粒子群优化(PSO)算法的早熟收敛问题,提出了一种多样性反馈与控制的粒子群优化 (DFCPSO)算法。该算法在搜索过程中根据多样性反馈信息,动态调整算法参数,改善了搜索次数在多样性曲线上的分布情况。当多样性或群体适应度方差下降到给定的阈值时,通过基于最优点排斥的初始化操作,高效率发散,使粒子飞离聚集区域,重新开始搜索,从而使种群多样性保持在合理范围内,避免了早熟收敛现象。对多个标准测试函数的实验结果表明,与当前多样性控制的粒子群优化(DCPSO)算法相比,DFCPSO算法在复杂优化问题和多模态优化问题中具有更强的全局搜索能力。     

基于粒子群优化与BP算法的协同神经网络学习方法

针对标准BP算法易陷入局部极值及收敛速度慢等问题,提出一种基于粒子群优化与BP算法的协同神经网络学习方法。该方法在网络的学习过程中,同时利用PSO优化算法与BP算法进行最优网络权值的协同搜索,从而充分利用粒子群算法的全局搜索性及BP算法的反向传播特点。将该算法应用于4个复杂函数的拟合仿真,并与标准BP算法以及传统的粒子群优化BP神经网络算法进行比较。实验结果表明所提的协同算法的性能优于传统的BP网络优化算法。     

基于量子激励的粒子群优化的BP网络算法

提出一种基于量子激励粒子群算法优化BP网络参数的新方法.该算法在粒子群优化算法中引入量子论思想,克服了传统粒子群算法易陷入局部极值、优化效果较差的不足,最终得到BP网络的最佳参数值.将该算法应用于3个典型复杂函数,并与传统BP算法、基于传统的粒子群优化BP网络算法的仿真结果进行分析对比.结果表明:该算法训练次数少,模型...     

基于粒子群算法的B样条曲线拟合

图像边沿的曲线拟合对于目标对象的识别是十分重要的预处理步骤。针对目标边沿含有比较复杂的噪声的图像提出了一种基于多目标粒子群优化的算法,实现了曲线的快速平滑拟合。该算法利用建立辅助存储空间和保持解多样性的策略防止粒子群算法收敛过早;在边沿离散化采样时用分治与递归的搜索策略提高了B样条基函数节点参数选取的灵活度,从而实现了目标区域边沿的多分辨率插值拟合。实验证明该算法能够在较快实现曲线拟合的同时将目标区域边沿噪声去除,并能较好地实现图像三维重建预处理的需求。     

分形插值在风速时间序列中的应用

针对风电场风速数据中大量连续缺失数据的插值问题，提出了一种基于自适应变异粒子群优化（PSO）的分形插值算法。首先，在粒子群优化算法中引入变异因子，增强粒子的多样性，提高算法搜索精度；其次，通过自适应变异粒子群优化算法来得到分形插值算法中垂直比例因子参数的最佳取值；最后，对两组不同趋势和变化特征的数据集进行分形插值计算分析，并把所提算法与Lagrange插值和三次样条插值方法进行对比。结果表明：分形插值不仅可以保持风速曲线的整体波动特性和局部特征，而且比传统插值方法的精度更高；在基于Dataset A的实验中，分形插值的均方根误差（RMSE）分别比Lagrange插值和三次样条插值减小了66.52%和58.57%；在基于Dataset B的实验中，分形插值的RMSE分别比Lagrange插值和三次样条插值减小了76.72%和67.33%。证明分形插值更适合连续缺失且波动强烈的风速时间序列的插值。     

基于粒子群与BP混合算法的神经网络学习方法

针对标准BP算法收敛速度慢及易陷入局部极值等问题,提出一种基于粒子群优化与BP混合算法的神经网络学习方法。该方法在网络的训练过程中,同时利用粒子群算法与BP算法进行最优网络权值的搜索,从而既充分利用了粒子群算法的全局搜索性又较好地保持了BP算法本身的反向传播特点。将该混合学习算法应用于复杂函数的拟合仿真,并与标准BP算法以及传统的粒子群优化BP神经网络学习算法进行比较。实验结果表明所提的混合学习算法具有较高的收敛精度,且收敛速度更快。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.