一种群体智能融合算法及其在应急设施选址的应用

针对粒子群优化算法早熟及细菌觅食算法收敛慢的问题,提出了将量子粒子群优化与细菌觅食算法融合的一种群体智能融合算法。该算法将细菌觅食、量子计算理论及粒子群优化的优点进行融合,以细菌觅食算法为主体,将量子进化算法及粒子群优化算法嵌入其中,从而极大地提高了算法的性能。通过对三个标准函数求解和验证,结果表明该算法提高了收敛精度及速度。最后用该算法求解公共卫生应急服务设施点选址问题,取得了较好的效果,说明了该算法的有效性。     

基于粒子群优化的细菌觅食优化算法

细菌觅食优化算法(BFOA)具有全局搜索能力强的优点,但存在收敛速度慢的缺陷.为了解决以上问题,结合收敛速度快的粒子群优化算法,提出一种基于粒子群优化的细菌觅食优化算法(BF-PSO),该改进的优化算法具有可操作性和优越性.选用测试函数和对PID控制参数整定的实例进行Matlab仿真,结果进一步显示了BF-PSO的优化能力优于BFOA,收敛速度快,且具有较好的鲁棒性.     

基于细菌觅食机理改进粒子群算法的研究

粒子群算法与细菌觅食算法在优化问题中均体现了较好的性能,但由于各自特定的进化机制,也都存在缺点。粒子群优化（PSO）算法在优化过程中过快陷入局部极值,为了避免这个缺陷,提出了一种新的混合算法。通过PSO算法完成整个空间的全局搜索,通过细菌觅食算法（BFOA）中的趋向性运动算子完成局部搜索的功能,再通过典型函数进行测试,结果表明新算法可以有效弥补细菌觅食算法速度不快和粒子群算法精度不高的缺陷,同时部分地避免了局部收敛的问题,从而适用于解决复杂函数的优化问题。     

基于细菌觅食特征改进粒子群算法优化SVM模型参数研究

针对粒子群算法优化SVM模型参数在进化后期容易陷入局部最优的问题,研究了细菌觅食趋利避害机制,提出了一种基于细菌觅食特性改进粒子群算法的方法,并将改进方法应用于优化SVM预测模型参数的研究;实验结果表明,该方法能够弥补粒子群算法在进化后期容易陷入局部最优的缺陷,具备更好的寻优性能。     

一种基于竞选领导策略的改进粒子群算法

针对标准粒子群算法由于粒子多样性的大量丧失而导致的算法易陷入局部最优解,收敛精度不高的问题,提出一种基于竞选领导策略的改进粒子群算法,该算法在全局最优粒子的领导能力丧失时,通过引进细菌觅食算法的趋化算子对精英粒子进行优化,然后选出更具领导能力的粒子作为新的领导粒子来带领种群跳出局部最优解,以增强算法的全局搜索能力。通过四个典型函数的测试,结果表明改进算法在较好保留了标准粒子群算法快速收敛优点的前提下,有效地预防了早熟现象的产生,提高了收敛精度。     

改进PSO算法在主汽温系统PID参数优化中的应用

提出了一种基于改进的粒子群优化（PSO）算法的PID控制器参数整定方法。通过对粒子赋予不同的初始惯性权重,较好地协调了粒子的全局与局部搜索能力。通过对具有严重参数不确定性、多扰动以及大迟延的电厂主汽温被控对象的仿真研究,结果表明：改进的粒子群算法在保证PID控制稳定性基础上提高了PID控制的精度,且编码简单,易于实现,具有较好的应用前景。     

基于梯度粒子群算法的细菌觅食算法

针对细菌觅食算法在优化过程中环境感知能力较弱且容易陷入局部极值的缺陷,将梯度粒子群算法的基本思想引入细菌觅食算法中,改进原算法的收敛速度和收敛能力,并据此提出了基于梯度粒子群算法的细菌觅食算法GPSO-BFA。该算法既利用了细菌觅食算法出色的全局搜索能力,又借助梯度粒子群算法的快速局部寻优能力,很好地将两者的优势结合在一起。基于六个高维Benchmark函数的实验结果显示,该算法在收敛速度和精度方面都优于其他四种细菌觅食算法。     

混合粒子群算法优化分数阶PID控制参数研究

分数阶比例-积分-微分(PID)控制器是一种把PID控制器的整数阶次推广到分数的比例、积分、微分控制器,它比传统的PID控制器更能精确地控制复杂的被控系统.而参数的取值对控制效果的好坏起着决定性作用,为此提出了一种混合粒子群算法BFA-PSO优化参数值.该算法将具有趋化、繁殖和驱散特点的细菌觅食算法和参数少,易于优化的粒子群算法相结合来计算出精确的分数阶PID控制器的参数值.通过对传统PID控制器和分数阶PID控制器参数优化的实验仿真,结果表明基于该算法的分数阶PID控制不仅无超调量、收敛速度快,而且鲁棒性强、收敛精度高,可用于控制不同的对象和过程.     

基于群智能优化算法与MATLAB仿真的高温炉模糊PID温度控制系统设计

针对高炉燃烧器温度控制问题,提出一种PSO-模糊PID的温度控制方法。首先,对模糊PID控制方法进行了研究与探讨;然后,在模糊PID控制方法的基础上,引入粒子群优化算法对PID参数进行优化;最后通过对比实验验证提出方法的有效性与可行性。测试结果表明：粒子群优化算法能够对模糊PID控制系统进行优化,且经过粒子群优化算法优化后的模糊PID控制系统进入稳态所需的时间大大减少,超调幅度达到最低,且在整个控制过程中没有出现震荡情况。可知设计温度控制方法具有可行性和有效性,且响应速度快、稳定性高,能够实现提高温度控制系统自适应能力的目的,继而实现对高炉燃烧器温度进行调节与控制。     

自适应混沌粒子群算法对极限学习机参数的优化

针对极限学习机（ELM）在处理非线性数据时效果不理想,并且ELM的参数随机化不利于模型泛化的特点,提出了一种改进的极限学习机算法。结合自适应混沌粒子群（ACPSO）算法对ELM的参数进行优化,以增强算法的稳定性,提高ELM对基因表达数据分类的精度。在UCI基因数据集上进行仿真实验,实验结果表明,与探测粒子群-极限学习机（DPSO-ELM）、粒子群-极限学习机（PSO-ELM）等算法相比,自适应混沌粒子群-极限学习机（ACPSO-ELM）算法具有较好的稳定性、可靠性,且能有效提高基因分类精度。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。