基于纹理特征的车牌定位方法

为了提高车辆牌照定位成功的概率以及定位精度,提出了一种基于纹理特征,采用自适应二值化的车牌定位方法。该方法首先利用小波分析对图像进行预处理,提取车牌图像字符区域的纵向纹理特征,然后利用边缘检测算子对图像纹理特征进行二次提取,再进行自适应二值化。该方法克服了直接对小波分析后图像进行二值化时,阈值选取非常困难的缺陷。实验结果表明,该方法能够达到提取有效车牌图像的目的,适用于各种复杂条件下拍摄的车牌图像定位。     

基于改进双树复小波和灰度-梯度共生矩阵的纹理图像检索算法

针对双树复小波变换缺少不同尺度纹理的空间分布特征的缺陷,提出了一种改进双树复小波和灰度-梯度共生矩阵相融合的纹理图像检索新算法。首先,该算法将图像进行非均匀分块,并对分块的图像进行双树复小波变换,以此增加不同尺度下的空间信息;其次,利用灰度-梯度共生矩阵提取4个统计量特征;然后, 融合 两种方法提取的纹理特征以得到图像检索的纹理特征;最后,用Canberra距离进行相似性度量并输出图像检索的结果。实验结果表明,该方法对纹理图像有较好的检索效果。     

基于纹理分析和垂直投影的车牌定位算法

根据车牌区域字符的纹理特征和统计规律,提出了一种综合纹理分析和垂直投影的车牌定位方法。由于光照、拍摄角度会对图像产生对比度偏低、图像倾斜和变形等不良影响,利用车牌字符纹理丰富的特征寻找车牌区域可以避开了这些不良影响,并利用灰度垂直投影的统计特征进一步删除由于复杂背景而产生的伪车牌区域。实验结果表明,该方法对于背景复杂的图像,可以得到很好的定位效果,解决了复杂背景下车牌图像提取的难点问题。     

一种新的车牌定位方法

该文提出一种基于颜色与纹理综合特征的车牌定位新方法。首先进行颜色分割,提取并强化目标颜色,然后提出一种专门针对车牌颜色的灰度化方法进行灰度化处理,最后进行区域生成,分割并定位车牌。实验表明算法效果好,速度快,尤其是提出的灰度化算法较标准灰度化算法效果更明显。     

一种新的车牌定位方法

该文提出一种基于颜色与纹理综合特征的车牌定位新方法。首先进行颜色分割,提取并强化目标颜色,然后提出一种专门针对车牌颜色的灰度化方法进行灰度化处理,最后进行区域生成,分割并定位车牌。实验表明算法效果好,速度快,尤其是提出的灰度化算法较标准灰度化算法效果更明显。     

一种快速的车牌定位与提取算法

针对现有的车牌定位的各种局限性,本文提出了一种基于图像二维区域能量的车牌定位算法,给出了该算法实用公式,并给出了基于图像能量的车牌提取算法以及车牌区域的验证方法。该方法充分利用了车牌的纹理复杂、对比度鲜明、外型规则等特征构造能量图像,并对原有的能量算法进行了改进。其明显的优点是可以避免直接对图像进行二值化时阈值难以确定的问题以及光照情况对颜色的影响。大量的实验表明,该算法不仅简单、快速、准确率高,而且对车牌区域的噪声有很好的抑制作用。     

基于纹理和颜色的模糊车牌的增强与定位

针对汽车牌照自动识别系统中图像效果差的问题,本文提出了一种基于盲解卷积的增强算法,并给出了一种纹理和颜色分析相结合的车牌定位方法.该方法利用车牌字符具有明显竖直纹理的特征,经边缘检测获取垂直边缘图,结合形态学及车牌固有特征,确定疑似牌照区域;同时在HSV颜色空间进行颜色分割,提取出满足车牌颜色特性的区域.实验结果表明,在车牌图像失真的情况下,该方法能够快速有效地实现图像恢复和车牌定位.     

基于混合特征的车牌定位算法

车牌定位技术是汽车牌照自动识别和智能交通系统的用车牌的颜色、纹理和结构几何等多维特征,实现车牌定位.该算法利用车牌的彩色信息进行彩色分割,实现车牌图像的二值化,而后提取边缘增强,在此基础上利用数学形态学方法去噪并去除车牌边框,并利用车牌纹理特征利用投影实现车牌的最终定位.该算法克服了单一特征信息不完备引起的车牌定位误差,实验表明该方法具有较好的车牌定位效果.     

用于多光照条件下车牌定位的遗传算法

针对多光照条件下由于车牌图像退化难以定位的问题,提出一种基于遗传算法的解决方案。该方法首先对图像局部区域进行二值纹理特征增强处理,并通过一组一维滤波器获取其纹理特征向量,最后使用基于实整数编码的遗传算法对全图进行车牌特征匹配搜索最终准确定位车牌。测试结果表明,结合遗传算法的局域特征增强算法对多种光照条件下的抓拍图像定位性能稳定,定位成功率优于传统的直线检测方法和灰度变化特征检测方法。     

一种基于Morlet小波变换的虹膜识别算法

虹膜识别包括虹膜定位、特征提取以及模式匹配几个步骤。文章提出了基于虹膜灰度梯度分析的新定位算法和基于Morlet小波变换的特征提取算法。首先对沿瞳孔半径方向展开的虹膜图像通过寻找灰度梯度最大值位置的方法进行虹膜定位;然后根据虹膜生理的特点对虹膜图像进行分区,对不同的虹膜区域采用一维和二维Morlet复小波变换相结合的特征提取算法,并用二比特格雷编码来表征提取的虹膜纹理的相位信息;最后通过计算虹膜间的Hamming距进行匹配,最终实现虹膜识别。实验结果表明,与现有算法相比,该算法识别速度快,提取特征的效果好,在实验室身份认证系统中表现出很好的识别效果。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.