车载INS/GPS组合导航系统建模与仿真

为了准确地对车辆进行定位,实现导航功能,将两种常用的导航定位技术GPS定位导航技术与惯性导航技术进行组合,介绍了INS/GPS组合导航系统的仿真方案。因车载组合导航系统对精度的要求不是很高,采用低成本的机械陀螺和加速度计作为惯性导航系统的测量器件。INS/GPS组合导航系统采用位置和速度组合模式,分别给出纯INS,纯GPS,组合导航系统的位置误差比较。结果分析表明,组合导航系统精度高于INS和GPS分别独立工作时的精度。     

SINS/GPS组合导航系统Kalman滤波仿真研究

为提高捷联惯导系统SINS和全球定位系统GPS的精度和可靠性,研究了SINS和GPS的原理,建立了SINS/GPS系统的状态方程和位置速度误差量测方程;并采用卡尔曼滤波算法实现了SINS/GPS的组合导航.Matlab仿真结果证明,采用Kalman滤波实现SINS/GPS组合导航,其精度得到大大提高;且采用SINS/GPS组合导航系统,克服了SINS惯性导航难以长时间独立工作的缺点,解决了GPS易失锁、难以实时控制的不足,保证了导航系统的实时性及较高的精度和可靠性.     

无人飞行器的北斗卫星组合导航算法研究

北斗卫星导航系统是中国自行研制的全球卫星定位与通信系统,为促进北斗卫星系统在导航方面的运用,降低我国导航方面对GPS的依靠,从而进一步降低成本,提高无人飞行器的导航精度,本文对捷联式惯性导航系统（INS）和北斗定位导航系统的组合导航算法进行了研究,通过惯性导航系统的原理和导航解算的过程,选择惯导系统和北斗系统的速度、位置差值作为观测量,建立组合导航系统的状态方程和观测方程,利用无迹卡尔曼滤波得到惯导系统状态量和惯性敏感器的误差,对惯导系统进行误差补偿,从而实现无人飞行器的高精度导航控制.并使用Matlab进行仿真,得出高精度的模拟输出轨迹.     

惯性器件建模对GPS失锁段导航精度的影响

针对INS/GPS组合导航系统在GPS信号失锁的条件下导航精度恶化的问题,分析了惯性器件建模对导航精度的影响程度。通过对传统简化模型和考虑载体机动与环境因素的影响而建立的惯性器件完备模型的仿真,对两种模型在组合断开后的纯惯性导航的水平位置误差进行对比。结果表明相比简化模型相对完备模型可以将水平位置误差的精度提高53%,能有效解决INS/GPS组合导航系统因GPS信号失效后纯惯性系统的定位精度迅速恶化问题。     

弹道导弹惯性/双星/天文组合导航系统研究

弹道导弹飞行特点对其导航系统提出了较高的技术要求,因此提出一种惯性/双星/天文组合导航方案对弹道导弹实时估计和修正导航误差,提高导航精度,该组合导航方案以惯性导航系统与天文导航系统的姿态角差值、惯性导航系统与双星定位导航系统的位置差值作为观测量,建立弹道导弹导航系统的数学模型和观测方程,以无反馈模式联邦滤波器在线估计弹道导弹导航参数误差值.通过计算机仿真并分析仿真结果:和惯性导航系统相比较,这种组合导航系统可以提高弹道导弹导航精度,适合弹道导弹组合导航.     

基于INS/GPS/磁力计的全组合导航

针对惯性导航单独定姿、定位产生漂移的问题,提出了一种磁力计、GPS辅助惯性导航的组合导航系统。对磁力计、陀螺仪数据进行预处理;推导了基于误差四元数的定姿系统方程和量测方程,使用卡尔曼滤波器融合陀螺仪与磁力计数据。建立定位系统方程和量测方程,使用GPS量测值辅助惯导、校正位置、速度信息。实验验证结果表明:组合导航系统有效地改善了惯性导航漂移问题,同时在GPS失效情况下仍能正常工作。     

基于EKF的地磁导航策略研究

对地磁异常值与位置之间的非线性函数关系进行了随机线性化,将地磁异常测量值直接作为观测量,采用扩展卡尔曼滤波技术实现地磁异常测量信息与惯性导航信息的融合,估计并校正了惯性导航系统导航误差.仿真表明,组合导航系统具有如下良好性能:对地磁异常具有广泛的适用性;对初始位置误差、速度误差及姿态误差具有较好的鲁棒性;对地磁数据噪声敏感度较低;可实时更新组合导航信息.将观测量选为参考数据测量值的信息融合策略引入惯性/地磁组合导航.定量描述地磁异常辅助惯性导航系统的信息量,分析组合导航系统对地磁图的适用性.     

惯性导航系统在线标定方法研究

论文针对惯性导航系统在线标定的问题,利用GPS提供的基准速度和位置信息,采用基于卡尔曼滤波技术的“速度＋位置”匹配方法,以惯导系统与GPS的速度和位置的差值作为量测值,对加速度计和陀螺仪误差进行在线标定。仿真结果表明,经在线标定补偿后惯导系统定位误差降低了97．2％。该方法显著提高了导航精度,效率较高,具有一定的实用价值。     

MEMS SINS-GPS组合导航系统设计

为实现满足中低精度要求的低成本导航系统,选用MEMS惯性传感器研制了捷联式惯性导航系统(SINS);针对MEMS惯性传感器噪声较大和惯性导航系统误差随时间迅速累积的问题,利用小波对MEMS陀螺信号进行了降噪处理,并采用SINS-GPS卡尔曼滤波组合导航系统以消除惯导系统的误差累积,输出较高精度的速度、位置信息.对SINS和组合导航系统进行了仿真实验,实验结果表明所建系统的长时间导航性能有一定改善.     

捷联惯导系统误差系数动态标定方法探究

随着工作时间的推移,捷联惯性导航系统中的惯性器件测量精度会因为误差参数发生变化而降低,误差逐渐被积累,进而降低系统导航精度。针对此问题,提出了一种基于GPS速度、位置信息的捷联惯导系统惯性测量装置输出误差系数动态标定的方法。首先采用Sage-Husa自适应滤波实现组合导航状态最优估计,然后引入迭代最小二乘法,利用导航误差对系统惯性器件的误差系数进行标定。经计算机仿真验证,该方法可以实现在运动中对系统误差系数进行标定,进而提高捷联式惯性导航系统的导航精度。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。