基于动态梯度的激光光斑中心定位算法

为提高激光光斑中心检测的长期稳定性、抗干扰性能和定位精度,在对相关圆心定位算法进行研究的基础上,通过理论分析与实验测试,提出一种基于动态梯度的激光光斑中心定位算法.该算法根据激光光斑特点,利用图像梯度对光斑进行标识与定位.实验结果表明,该算法定位精度高,有效提高了激光光斑中心检测的抗干扰性能和长期稳定性,适合对测量精度要求高的长期在线测量.这种新方法已被成功用于自动激光挠度测量系统中.     

激光光斑中心定位算法的实用性改进

研究了重心法、Hough变换、圆拟合算法及空间矩算法,通过理论分析与实验测试,找到一种能有效提高激光光斑中心检测抗干扰性能和定位精度的算法,该算法适用于对测量精度要求高的实时自动测量,并被成功地用于渝黔高速公路太平庄大桥和安稳大桥的自动激光挠度测量系统中。     

基于差分光斑中心定位算法的位移传感技术研究

光斑中心定位是激光投射式位移传感技术中的关键技术.为了提高激光光斑中心检测的抗干扰性和精确性,在总结了现有的光斑中心定位方法的基础上,对其中的梯度光斑中心定位算法进行分析和改进,提出了一种差分光斑中心定位算法.该算法主要针对强干扰光线下的激光光斑特点,利用差分运算和梯度算子对光斑进行识别与定位.实验结果表明,该算法定位...     

激光光斑有效区域检测技术

在对激光的能量分布分析前需要提取光斑的有效区域。激光远距离传输后,在大气作用下,光斑会发生变形和弥散现象,造成光斑的质心和几何中心不重合。利用Cany边缘检测技术,先确定光斑的边界,再通过Hough变换算法进行圆检测,可以提取出近场完整光斑和远场弥散光斑的有效区域。对实际光斑的定位计算验证检测技术的有效性。     

光存储器中激光头与盘片间垂直度测量方法的研究

提出基于激光头光斑偏移量的激光头-盘片垂直度测量的方法.在光线追迹基础上推导出激光头光斑的偏移量模型(方程)并对该模型实现的条件进行了分析.在数学形态学算子、Hough变换算法基础上设计出用于光斑中心检测的混合算法.试验表明,该混合算法可实现光存储器出射激光光斑像素级的精确定位;同时该测量方法对合格的商用DVD光存储器的激光头－盘片的倾斜角检测具有较高的宽容度.     

光学组件面形检测中激光光斑分割与分类算法的研究

针对光学组件面形检测中激光光斑处理问题,提出了一种激光光斑分割与分类算法;该算法对光学组件面形检测中激光光斑的特点进行了分析,利用延时相关滤波、梯度阈值分割以及基于特征的分类技术,实现了激光光斑分割与分类;实验结果表明,该算法能有效区分光学组件前后表面反射光斑,提取质心重复性高、稳定可靠;该方法已商用于光学组件面形检测系统中.     

几种激光光斑中心定位算法在应用中的比较

在光学测量中,激光光斑中心定位算法的精度和速度将直接影响到实际测量的精度和速度,因而中心定位算法的选择显得尤为重要。针对光学测量中的几种激光光斑中心定位方法,对灰度重心法、随机Hough变换法、最小二乘圆拟合处理激光光斑中心的性能进行了比较。比较结果表明,最小二乘圆拟合法不但具有很高的定位精度,而且具有很快的计算速度,...     

激光光斑中心精确定位算法研究

研究激光光斑精确定位问题,传统的亚像素定位算法,面临抗干扰能力弱、定位精度低和软件实现复杂等问题.为了满足变形测量系统中对激光光斑中心精确定位的要求,提出了基于重心的曲线拟合亚像素定位算法.在重心法的基础上,引人了曲线拟合算法来提高激光光斑中心定位的精度.由于加人了图像预处理环节,有效的降低了噪声干扰,增强了算法的抗噪声性能.算法仅对图像中少量的数据点进行计算,不但语言描述简单,而且能大大节省系统资源.仿真结果表明算法是一种实用的精确定位算法,提高变形测量系统的精度要求.     

大口径光学元件面形检测中重叠激光光斑的分离

在大口径光学元件面形检测系统中,激光光斑的检测及后续处理是基础,直接影响面形检测的精度;针对光学元件面形检测中激光光斑重叠的问题,提出了一种激光光斑重叠分离算法;该算法首先用一种减背景与乘法滤波相结合的方法对光斑图像进行预处理,再用两次阈值法分割图像以获取光斑目标,最后采用距离变换、重叠判别及估算圆心相结合来分离重叠的光斑;实验中,对3种重叠类型不同的光斑进行分离,结果表明,算法能有效地分离重叠的激光光斑;目前,该算法通过长时间的实验验证与改进,已成功运用于实际项目中.     

基于PSD的长跨度孔系同轴度误差测量系统

以激光作为准直基准,研制了基于位置敏感探测器(PSD)的长跨度孔系同轴度误差测量系统。多功能测头在孔系内通过自定心机构确定各被测截面,测头前端的PSD检测激光光斑位置以确定各孔截面中心坐标,并进而评定出孔系同轴度误差。推导出激光自准直数学模型,根据该模型由四自由度工作台调整激光器位置,实现了激光自准直。使用本测量系统完成了激光自准直实验和孔系同轴度误差测量实验。实验结果表明:经准直后激光束与工件两端孔中心连线之间的偏差在±0.032 mm以内,与三坐标测量机相比,本系统同轴度误差测量的相对误差为8%,具备了较高的准直精度和同轴度误差测量精度。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。