融合PHOG和BOW-SURF特征的接触网绝缘子缺陷检测方法

绝缘子图像中存在的噪声对提取绝缘子细节纹理特征具有较大影响,单个特征描述子不能描述绝缘子的更多细节纹理特征,而提取到绝缘子细节纹理特征的多少直接影响了绝缘子缺陷检测的精度和速度.针对以上问题,提出改进快速导向滤波算法和融合PHOG与BOW-SURF特征来实现绝缘子缺陷的精确检测.首先,采用改进的快速导向滤波算法对接触网绝缘子原始图像进行滤波;然后,提取绝缘子滤波后图像的PHOG和BOW-SURF特征;最后,将两者融合后送入SVM分类器进行训练,实现绝缘子缺陷的检测.实验结果表明,该方法检测绝缘子缺陷的精度为100%,平均每张图像的处理时间为0.039s,为接触网悬挂状态检测监测装置对图像分析及缺陷检测奠定了必要的基础.     

基于多级综合分类器的红外目标检测

文章针对大视场不同尺度的红外目标检测问题,以大视场红外搜索系统为基础,提出了一种基于多级综合分类器的实时红外目标检测算法,实现由粗到精的虚警剔除。在预处理阶段,该算法首先进行尺度放缩变换,在不同的尺度上采用Robinson滤波抑制背景,再将不同尺度的滤波结果在原始尺度上融合;在对图像进行背景抑制的基础上,构造多级串联的综合分类器:在目标的粗检测阶段,采用模糊隶属度融合的分类器剔除大部分虚警;在目标的精细检测阶段,提取候选目标的特征并进行类间特性分析,设计基于Fisher系数加权的综合分类器以实现真实目标的确认与虚警剔除。实验表明,该算法能够有效剔除与真实目标特性相似的虚警干扰,对尺度变化的红外运动目标具有较好的检测效果。     

配电柜线号特征提取和识别方法研究

配电柜是动车组电气设备的关键设备之一,基于视觉的自动化检测方式可以解决传统的人工检测的低效、主观性强的问题,是工业检测的一个重要的检测方向,由于动车配电柜在光照和空间等方面的恶劣情况,线号数字呈现灰度、尺寸、角度等差异,极不利于线号的识别。本文以线号正确分割提取为前提,提取分割的数字区域的HOG特征和LBP特征,并利用SVM和ANN两种分类器配合两种特征进行对比试验,因为HOG特征在图像几何和光学的形变会表现出优异的不改变的特性,且SVM分类器克服了后者局部极小的困扰,最终选用SVM分类器配合HOG特征进行配电柜线号识别。     

组合SVM分类器在行人检测中的研究

在基于HOG特征的SVM行人检测算法的基础上,提出了组合分类器的改进算法。该算法首先采用多尺度滑动窗口提取HOG特征,并对单个SVM分别进行训练,再将训练好的SVM分别采用串联、并联结构形成新分类器后对行人进行检测。为解决用多尺度滑动窗口提取特征时产生的目标候选区域重叠问题,采用非极大值抑制算法对重叠区域进行融合,进而得到准确候选区。实验表明,组合的SVM分类器可以有效降低误检率和漏检率。     

基于AE信号与优化SVM的刀具磨损状态识别

根据小波包变换理论,对刀具磨损声发射(AE)信号进行滤波和能量特征值提取.采用分步式扫描的方法对传统的盒计数法进行改进,并利用改进的盒计数法计算滤波后信号的广义分形维数特征值.以上述提取的特征值为备选特征,采用支持向量机(SVM)作为分类器,利用量子遗传算法(QGA)首先对分类器的输入特征进行筛选,之后对分类器的模型参数进行优化.利用优化后的分类器对测试样本进行分类,测试结果表明,该方法可以对刀具磨损状态进行有效识别.     

结合标签传递的镜头边界检测与分类

镜头是视频的基本组成单元,其自动检测与分类是视频分析的重要任务。为了有效利用视频流视觉上的感知特性,提出一种基于标签传递的镜头边界检测与分类算法。该算法利用半监督学习的标签传递机制,通过视频流中连续多帧之间的相关性,将预先构造的初始状态标签通过相关图不断传递,以揭示不同镜头变化类型的视觉感知特征。然后利用多类SVM分类器进行镜头类型分类。实验结果表明,本文算法能有效识别多种镜头类型,对视频分析、检索等具有一定实用价值。     

基于SVM的多类别轨迹的分类方法

轨迹分析是解决视觉监控系统中异常检测问题的重要途径.文章将对轨迹进行采样得到的坐标点集作为特征向量,利用SVM训练分类器,并采用一对一算法实现多类别轨迹的分类.实验结果表明,该方法能够满足SVM中核函数对于输入数据的要求,并实现对多类别轨迹的有效分类.     

汽车精密零件外观缺陷视觉检测方法研究

针对汽车精密零件质量检测的需求,提出了基于机器视觉的精密零件外观缺陷检测方法,搭建了相应的检测平台。采用小波去噪进行图像预处理,基于Otsu算法改进了Canny算子中的双阈值的选取问题,较好地实现了图像的缺陷分割。利用Hu矩进行缺陷特征提取并通过样本特征训练SVM分类器,实现零件外观缺陷的识别与分类。以汽车转向器内部套筒为试验对象,搭建了检测系统,实验结果表明,该算法可有效实现了零件外观缺陷自动检测。     

多类SVM在图像艺术属性分类中的应用研究

针对当前图像分类研究中,依据图像艺术风格属性进行分类的算法尚不多见的情况,实现了一种基于艺术属性的图像自动分类系统,其中主要涉及摄影作品、国画、水彩画、素描、油画等几种典型艺术风格的图像。系统采用支持向量机（SVM）作为分类器,运用分等级的分类方法,提出了一种针对艺术属性图像分类的特定SVM二叉树多类分类算法;而后通过对各类图像艺术风格特征的分析,分别提取了有代表性的、区分度好且易于计算的特征;最后针对各级分类特性和分类器总体特性进行了实验分析,实验结果表明,系统具有良好的分类性能。     

特征级联在车辆检测中的应用与研究

对现有的采用机器学习算法检测车辆进行研究,分析其存在的不足;表现在特征或者算法单一,对光照等条件变化鲁棒性不够;针对这些问题,提出一种融合LBP特征与HOG特征,并结合Adaboost与SVM的车辆检测算法;借鉴级联的思想,首先采用AdaBoost对训练样本提取LBP特征进行训练,得到的分类器用于初步筛选并将其分类结果作为下一层分类器的输入;然后采用SVM算法对训练样本提取HOG特征进行训练,得到的分类器用于二次筛选上一层分类器的分类结果;实验结果证明Adaboost-SVM相结合的办法检测结果精度高,准确率和召回率均达到95%以上,FPPW与FPPI的值均在5%左右;同时由于算法采用的特征对光照条件具有较强的鲁棒性,因此光照条件的变化对算法的识别结果影响较低;实时性方面,每帧图像的处理时间为75 ms,满足实时性要求。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.