新版《固定式压力容器安全技术监察规程》分类方法的简化算法

介绍新版《容规》图表式划类的简化方法,使压力容器划类变得简单易于操作。     

涂装现场检测仪器的使用（Ⅱ）

8 附着力 8．1附着力检测的方法和标准 涂层附着力的检测方法主要有划圈法、划格法、划“×”法和拉开法。不同的检测方法的相应标准见表6。其中划圈法不适用于涂装现场的涂膜附着力检查,只适合于实验室内涂膜性能的检测。     

公路铁路项目环境影响评价中声环境功能区确认若干问题分析

在铁路公路交通类项目环境影响评价过程中,对公路铁路项目声环境功能区确认权限、铁路用地边界、城际轨道交通声环境质量执行标准的管理类文件要求模糊,界定不清,为解决公路铁路项目声环境功能区划确认问题,给线性交通项目的环评审批及验收带来便利,文章对公路铁路交通类项目环境影响评价中声环境功能区确认的若干问题进行了探讨,并提出相关建议,以供环境保护管理部门参考和借鉴。     

独联体五国压力容器认证与设计

对独联体五国压力容器的CU TR 032/2013认证时设备的划类进行了介绍,同时介绍了GOST规范在压力容器强度计算和设计与ASME VIII-1和GB规范的区别,希望能给参与这些地区压力容器设计的工程师提供参考。     

附着力促进剂对光固化金属涂层附着力提升的研究

为了探究附着力促进剂对光固化金属基涂层附着力的影响，本文通过划格法、拉拔法及搭接剪切实验，系统研究了磷酸酯类附着力促进剂、硅烷偶联剂对光固化金属基（低碳钢、铝板）涂层附着力的促进作用。结果表明：磷酸类附着力促进剂能够显著提高光固化金属基（低碳钢、铝板）涂层的附着力，而硅烷偶联剂对光固化金属基（低碳钢、铝板）涂层的附着力无明显提升作用。     

附着力促进剂对光固化金属基涂层附着力提升的研究

为了探究附着力促进剂对光固化金属基涂层附着力的影响,本文通过划格法、拉拔法及搭接剪切实验,系统研究了磷酸酯类附着力促进剂、硅烷偶联剂对光固化金属基(低碳钢、铝板)涂层附着力的促进作用。结果表明:磷酸类附着力促进剂能够显著提高光固化金属基(低碳钢、铝板)涂层的附着力,而硅烷偶联剂对光固化金属基(低碳钢、铝板)涂层的附着力无明显提升作用。     

ISO12137:1997色漆和清漆——耐划伤性的测定

本国际标准分成两个部分出版 ,第1部分为采用弧形划针的方法 ,第 2部分为采用尖顶形划针的方法。本标准规定了用划针测定色漆、清漆和相关产品的单一涂层 ,或复合涂层体系的面涂层耐划伤性的方法。本试验方法对于提供一系列耐划伤性有明显差异的涂层的相对等级是十分有用的。本标准中耐划伤性定义是漆膜表面抵抗由于规定划针推过其表面的作用而造成的划痕或其他缺陷的性能。划伤涉及很大范围的漆膜表面缺陷 ,例如由指甲或洗车刷子引起的漆膜表面小划痕等缺陷。这些缺陷可分为塑性形变 ;表面瑕疵 ;表面划痕 ;内聚裂痕 ;上述类型的综合。本标…     

异珍隆防除春麦田杂草试验

７５％异丙隆可湿性粉剂每公顷２．６６７０公斤，在青海春麦田防除野燕麦效果的８０％，防防阔叶杂草效果９０％左右，后期对两类杂划的控制效果达８０％。对小麦安全。小麦产量比对照增产２０％以上。     

金刚石超薄锯片划切单晶SiC表面质量的实验研究

文章通过探讨在划片机上用金刚石超薄锯片对单晶SiC进行划切实验,测量并分析不同金刚石粒度的锯片在不同的划切工艺参数下的划切力和SiC切缝崩边尺寸,以此研究超薄锯片中金刚石粒度对划切单晶SiC的切缝质量的影响。试验结果表明:不同金刚石粒度的超薄锯片划切单晶SiC的划切力和切缝崩边尺寸随着主轴转速的升高呈降低趋势,随划切深度和进给速度的增加呈上升趋势;在一定范围内,崩边尺寸均随着金刚石粒度的升高而呈上升趋势,且金刚石粒度越大,崩边尺寸增大的速度越快。     

乘用车注塑外观塑料零件刮擦性能研究

主要针对采用十字划格的测试方法,对添加滑石粉改性PP类材料配色注塑而成的零件或样板进行抗刮擦发白性能的评估,从外观定义、配色过程、样品准备等方面分析其对刮擦测试结果产生的影响,以期找到耐刮性能影响因素和改进方向。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating prepared via facile sol-gel process

A highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating was obtained from a new bis-silylated precursor, which was synthesized from 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and m-xylylene diisocyanate (m-XDI) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and verified by ¹H MAS NMR. For direct comparison purposes, an SiO₂ coating was also prepared by the Stöber method using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as the reactant. Interestingly, the coating obtained from the polysilsesquioxane sol exhibited a much higher moisture resistance capability than its counterpart, which was attributed to its more compact feature between nanoparticles as characterized by N₂ absorption experiment and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, its high transparency of about 92% showed potential for application in the protection of optical crystals.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.