乳化／内部凝胶化工艺制备海藻酸钙凝胶微球的研究

从乳化/内部凝胶化制备海藻酸钙凝胶微球的机理入手,系统考察了制备工艺参数如油水比、表面活性剂添加量、碳酸钙添加量和冰乙酸添加量对海藻酸钙凝胶微球的球形度、粒径大小及分布、产率的影响规律.通过对该工艺参数的优化,能够制备出球形度良好,产率在85%以上,粒径分布均一的海藻酸钙凝胶微球.     

Fe3O4磁性液芯微胶囊的液化制备方法研究

探索了采用三步法制备液芯磁性微囊的新方法.采用喷雾法制备了磁性海藻酸钙微球,用激光粒度仪测得微球平均粒径为130/μm.通过合成脲甲醛树脂对磁性海藻酸钙微球进行包覆,详细研究了脲甲醛预聚和缩聚条件对包覆结果的影响.最后对脲甲醛树脂包覆后的磁性海藻酸钙微球进行液化,结果表明,在一段时间内,液化效果受柠檬酸钠溶液浓度和pH值影响明显;最终微囊液化效果良好,体积增大,内部的磁性粒子向囊心集聚.     

两种不同优化方法对静电液滴法制备单分散海藻酸钙微球工艺的比较

采用星点设计-效应面法和正交设计两种实验设计方法优化高压静电液滴发生技术制备海藻酸钙微球的工艺,以电压、浓度、距离为自变量,海藻酸钙微球的平均粒径为因变量,对自变量各水平进行多元线性回归和二项式拟合,选取最佳工艺条件制备微球。通过两种方法的对比研究,星点-效应面法在优化静电液滴法制备海藻酸钙微球工艺上的可预测性更强,结果更精确,信息获取量更多,效果更佳。     

膨润土和磁性膨润土微球的制备及其对水中碱性染料的吸附性能

为了解决膨润土粉体材料固液分离困难的问题,利用膨润土和四氧化三铁,以海藻酸钙交联制备膨润土微球和磁性膨润土微球材料;利用X射线衍射仪、红外光谱仪和扫描电镜研究微球的结构和特点;以碱性品蓝和碱性品红为代表性染料污染物,采用批次平衡实验比较研究微球对2种碱性染料的吸附特性。结果表明:交联过程未改变膨润土和四氧化三铁的结构,且膨润土磁性微球具有磁性;微球对2种染料的吸附动力学更符合拟二级动力学方程;吸附过程符合Freundlich和Langmuir模型,碱性品蓝和碱性品红在膨润土微球上的最大吸附量分别为185. 7、63. 46 mg/g,在磁性膨润土微球上的分别为163. 4、70. 30 mg/g。     

基于不同载体的染料表面印迹复合微球及其识别性能

分别以三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯(TRIM)交联的聚甲基丙烯酸(PMAA)微球(PMAA-TRIM)、阳离子交换树脂、阴离子交换树脂和羟基磷灰石/海藻酸钙微球为载体,以甲基橙为模板,KH-570和KH-550硅烷为功能单体制备分子印迹复合微球。研究4种载体制备的印迹复合微球对甲基橙的吸附性能、印迹效率、识别选择性及重复使用性能。结果表明,甲基橙印迹复合微球对其模板具有较快的吸附速率和较大的吸附量。以PMAA-TRIM微球、阳离子交换树脂和阴离子交换树脂制备的印迹复合微球具有很好的重复使用性能。     

ACA离子取代凝胶多价离子置换性能研究

考察了海藻酸－壳聚糖－海藻酸（ACA）离子取代凝胶对几种二价金属离子的置换行为。实验结果表明，海藻酸钙凝胶和海藻酸－壳聚糖－海藻酸凝胶微球（ACA－Ca)也能吸附Pb^2 ,Cu^2 和A^3 ,其中Pb^2 ,Cu^2 和Al^3 取代了凝胶中的Ca^2 ,并且其置换速率要大大快于离子交换树脂，而其平衡取代量与ACA微胶囊相当，因此，海藻酸钙凝胶也能作为离子吸附剂应用于吸附某些金属离子。此外，Pb^2 也能置换海藻酸锌中的Zn^2 ，Ca^2 能置换海藻酸亚铁中的Fe^2 。Pb^2 对海藻酸钙凝胶中的Ca^2 的置换不仅包括b^2 和Ca^2 的置换，还存在对Pb^2 的静吸附。     

香蕉杆纤维素高吸水微球的制备及研究

选择以香蕉杆纤维素作为原料利用海藻酸钠(SA)与CaCl_2快速交联方法制备吸水微球。讨论SA用量、CaCl_2用量及凝胶时间对吸水微球的吸水、保水性能的影响。实验结果表明:影响微球吸水、保水性能的主要因素是壳壁厚度和内部结构,壳壁厚度由海藻酸钙的交联密度决定,通过控制SA和CaCl_2的量对其控制;内部结构主要受吸水树脂和SA用量的影响。     

海藻酸钙/纳米氢氧化铝纤维的制备与性能研究

用湿法纺丝工艺制备出海藻酸钙纤维和纳米氢氧化铝/海藻酸钙复合纤维.用场发射扫描电镜和红外光谱仪表征了两种纤维的表观形态和微观机制,用热重分析仪测试了两种纤维的热稳定性能.研究表明,纳米氢氧化铝已较好地分散到纤维中,且纳米氢氧化铝与海藻酸钙分子之间产生了新的键合作用.TG和DTG测试结果表明,复合纤维的热稳定性要优于海藻...     

组织工程海藻酸钙多孔支架的制备和研究

采用浇铸/冷冻干燥的方法制备出一种可组装于神经导管内的组织工程海藻酸钙多孔支架.通过IR、SEM、不同浓度交联剂对凝胶化过程的平衡溶胀比、抗压强度以及多孔支架在SBF液中的含水率和体积膨胀度的分析,对7海藻酸钙多孔支架的性能进行了讨论.结果表明,海藻酸钠多孔支架在氯化钙溶液浸渍中能快速反应生成海藻酸钙,并在凝胶化反应过程中可保持原有呈一定方向排列、孔隙连通和层状的多孔结构;多孔支架随交联剂中Ca2+浓度的增加,形成的海藻酸钙多孔支架的抗压强度提高,使支架的稳定性增加;海藻酸钙多孔支架在SBF中的含水率>90%,体积的膨胀度与交联剂中Ca2+浓度成反比.     

基于QCM-D的天然多糖材料的蛋白吸附研究

采用QCM-D和AFM等技术研究比较了海藻酸钙和壳聚糖两种天然多糖材料经旋转成膜后的表面形貌、亲疏水性、水合过程及蛋白吸附和解吸行为.结果发现,海藻酸钙相比壳聚糖具有更好的亲水性,在生理环境中的水合过程达到平衡较快,且水合程度较高,这也影响材料的蛋白吸附性能.白蛋白吸附和洗脱实验表明,水舍程度较高的海藻酸钙初始吸附蛋白量较少,但海藻酸钙吸附的蛋白量在PBS洗脱后反而较大.而蛋白层|△D/△F|值在洗脱后减小,表明残留的蛋白层发生一定程度的构象变化,结构相对致密,其粘弹性变小.用3种动力学模型拟合蛋白吸附动力学过程发现Langmuir模型拟合度较高,且壳聚糖薄膜的蛋白吸附过程比海藻酸钙具有更小的速率常数k,达到吸附平衡较缓慢.     

Preparation of alginate–CaCl2 microspheres as resveratrol carriers

Resveratrol-loaded calcium alginate microspheres for prolonged drug release were prepared by ionic gelation of alginate with calcium chloride (CaCl₂). Further, resveratrol-loaded calcium alginate microspheres were developed using two concentrations of alginate (0.5 and 1 % w/v) and CaCl₂ (0.5 and 1 M) and an encapsulator equipped with a 300-μm nozzle. The mean particle size of the microspheres was between 175.52 and 244.03 μm, and an encapsulation efficiency (EE) of over 95 % was observed. FTIR spectroscopy indicated a polyelectrolyte interaction between alginate and CaCl₂; alginate microsphere thermograms were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry. X-ray diffraction shows the crystalline change of microspheres by cross linking. The release profiles and EE increased depending on the CaCl₂ concentration, and a slow initial burst release was observed on freeze-dried microspheres. These results indicate that resveratrol-loaded calcium alginate microspheres can be used as a potential resveratrol delivery system in the food industry.     

Effect of Chitosan-Coated Alginate Microspheres on the Permeability of Caco-2 Cell Monolayers

ABSTRACT

Alginate microspheres were prepared by emulsification/internal gelation and coated with chitosan. The ability of chitosan-coated alginate microspheres to increase the paracellular transport across Caco-2 cell monolayers was evaluated in comparison to uncoated microspheres and chitosan solutions. Transport studies were performed by using a permeability marker, Lucifer Yellow (LY), and by measuring the transepithelial electric resistance (TEER) variations. Furthermore, the occurrence of cytotoxic effects was assessed by evaluating neutral red uptake in viable cells and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release from damaged cells. A 3-fold increase on LY permeability was obtained for coated microspheres when compared to chitosan solutions. TEER variations were in agreement with permeability results. Chitosan solutions exhibited a dose-dependent toxicity, but coated microspheres did not decrease the viability of cells. Chitosan-coated alginate microspheres have potential to be used as carriers of poorly absorbable hydrophilic drugs to the intestinal epithelia and possibly increase their oral bioavailability.     

Effect of chitosan-coated alginate microspheres on the permeability of Caco-2 cell monolayers

Alginate microspheres were prepared by emulsification/internal gelation and coated with chitosan. The ability of chitosan-coated alginate microspheres to increase the paracellular transport across Caco-2 cell monolayers was evaluated in comparison to uncoated microspheres and chitosan solutions. Transport studies were performed by using a permeability marker, Lucifer Yellow (LY), and by measuring the transepithelial electric resistance (TEER) variations. Furthermore, the occurrence of cytotoxic effects was assessed by evaluating neutral red uptake in viable cells and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release from damaged cells. A 3-fold increase on LY permeability was obtained for coated microspheres when compared to chitosan solutions. TEER variations were in agreement with permeability results. Chitosan solutions exhibited a dose-dependent toxicity, but coated microspheres did not decrease the viability of cells. Chitosan-coated alginate microspheres have potential to be used as carriers of poorly absorbable hydrophilic drugs to the intestinal epithelia and possibly increase their oral bioavailability.     

Magnetically responsive,sorafenib loaded alginate microspheres for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment

This study aimed to develop sorafenib loaded magnetic microspheres for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. To achieve this goal, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) were synthesised and encapsulated in alginate microspheres together with an antineoplastic agent, sorafenib. In the study, firstly SPIONs were synthesised and characterised by dynamic light scattering, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Then, alginate‐SPIONs microspheres were developed, and further characterised by electron spin resonance spectrometer and vibrating sample magnetometer. Besides the magnetic properties of SPIONs, alginate microspheres with SPIONs were also found to have magnetic properties. The potential use of microspheres in hyperthermia treatment was then investigated and an increase of about 4°C in the environment was found out. Drug release studies and cytotoxicity tests were performed after sorafenib was encapsulated into the magnetic microspheres. According to release studies, sorafenib has been released from microspheres for 8 h. Cytotoxicity tests showed that alginate‐SPION‐sorafenib microspheres were highly effective against cancerous cells and promising for cancer therapy.Inspec keywords: drug delivery systems, drugs, nanofabrication, magnetic particles, iron compounds, scanning electron microscopy, hyperthermia, biomedical materials, encapsulation, nanoparticles, light scattering, nanomagnetics, cellular biophysics, toxicology, cancer, nanomedicine, superparamagnetism, nanocomposites, magnetometry, paramagnetic resonance, X‐ray chemical analysisOther keywords: sorafenib loaded alginate microspheres, hepatocellular carcinoma treatment, sorafenib loaded magnetic microspheres, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, dynamic light scattering, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, electron spin resonance spectrometer, vibrating sample magnetometer, hyperthermia treatment, drug release, alginate‐SPION‐sorafenib microspheres, antineoplastic agent, cytotoxicity tests, cancerous cells, time 8.0 hour, Fe₃ O₄      

Preparation and Characterization of Coacervate Microcapsules for the Delivery of Antimicrobial Oyster Peptides

Oyster peptides-loaded alginate/chitosan/starch microcapsules were prepared using external gelation method and internal emulsion gelation method. The solution of oyster peptides complexes was encapsulated into the microcapsules, which endowed the microcapsules with intestine passive targeting properties. The swelling behavior, encapsulation efficiency, and release behavior of oyster peptides from the microcapsules at different pH values were investigated. The microcapsules exhibited sustained release of the peptides in intestinal medium, and the release rate could be regulated by the pH value: in simulated gastric fluid, the release rate was greatly decreased, and in simulated body fluid and intestinal fluid, the microcapsules exhibited a sustained release in 24 h with different release rates. The microspheres were characterized by Fourier transform infrared. The results suggested that the alginate/chitosan/starch microcapsules could be a suitable copolymeric carrier system for intestinal protein or peptides delivery in the intestine.     

Preparation and characterization of coacervate microcapsules for the delivery of antimicrobial oyster peptides

Oyster peptides-loaded alginate/chitosan/starch microcapsules were prepared using external gelation method and internal emulsion gelation method. The solution of oyster peptides complexes was encapsulated into the microcapsules, which endowed the microcapsules with intestine passive targeting properties. The swelling behavior, encapsulation efficiency, and release behavior of oyster peptides from the microcapsules at different pH values were investigated. The microcapsules exhibited sustained release of the peptides in intestinal medium, and the release rate could be regulated by the pH value: in simulated gastric fluid, the release rate was greatly decreased, and in simulated body fluid and intestinal fluid, the microcapsules exhibited a sustained release in 24 h with different release rates. The microspheres were characterized by Fourier transform infrared. The results suggested that the alginate/chitosan/starch microcapsules could be a suitable copolymeric carrier system for intestinal protein or peptides delivery in the intestine.     

Preparation and Characteristics of Gelatin Microspheres

Abstract

Gelatin microspheres are prepared by emulsification of a aqueous gelatin solution in a oily phase containing a surfactant, gelation by cooling, dehydration by isopropanol and cross-linking by formaldehyde. The pH, the gelatin concentration in the aqueous solution and the surfactant concentration in the oily phase have some influence on the size distribution of unloaded and loaded microspheres and on the drug contents of microspheres.     

Preparation of alginate microspheres by water-in-oil emulsion method for drug delivery: Effect of Ca2+ post-cross-linking

Alginate microspheres were prepared by a water-in-oil emulsion solvent diffusion method. The alginate microspheres were post-cross-linked with Ca²⁺ ions. Influence of Ca²⁺ concentration on the characteristics and drug release behaviors of alginate microspheres was evaluated. Blue dextran was used as a water-soluble model drug. The non-cross-linked alginate microspheres were less than 100 μm in size and had a spherical shape. The cross-linked alginate microspheres were also spherical in shape with a rougher surface but their particle sizes were larger than 100 μm. The drug encapsulation efficiency of the non-cross-linked alginate microspheres was very high (82%). The drug encapsulation efficiency of alginate microspheres cross-linked with 5% and 10% Ca²⁺ concentrations were similar to the non-cross-linked microspheres. The in vitro drug releases of the cross-linked alginate microspheres showed prolong release profiles. The cumulative release of blue dextran decreased as the Ca²⁺ concentration increased. Thus, Ca²⁺-post-cross-linked alginate microspheres show possibility for use as controlled-release drug carriers.     

Near‐Infrared Light Responsive Multi‐Compartmental Hydrogel Particles Synthesized Through Droplets Assembly Induced by Superhydrophobic Surface

Light‐responsive hydrogel particles with multi‐compartmental structure are useful for applications in microreactors, drug delivery and tissue engineering because of their remotely‐triggerable releasing ability and combinational functionalities. The current methods of synthesizing multi‐compartmental hydrogel particles typically involve multi‐step interrupted gelation of polysaccharides or complicated microfluidic procedures with limited throughput. In this study, a two‐step sequential gelation process is developed to produce agarose/alginate double network multi‐compartmental hydrogel particles using droplets assemblies induced by superhydrophobic surface as templates. The agarose/alginate double network multi‐compartmental hydrogel particles can be formed with diverse hierarchical structures showing combinational functionalities. The synthesized hydrogel particles, when loaded with polypyrrole (PPy) nanoparticles that act as photothermal nanotransducers, are demonstrated to function as near‐infrared (NIR) light triggerable and deformation‐free hydrogel materials. Periodic NIR laser switching is applied to stimulate these hydrogel particles, and pulsatile release profiles are collected. Compared with massive reagents released from single‐compartmental hydrogel particles, more regulated release profiles of the multi‐compartmental hydrogel particles are observed.     

Microfluidic one-step synthesis of alginate microspheres immobilized with antibodies

Micrometre- and submicrometre-size functionalized beads are frequently used to capture targets of interest from a biological sample for biological characterizations and disease diagnosis. The main challenge of the microbead-based assay is in the immobilization of probe molecules onto the microbead surfaces. In this paper, we report a versatile droplet microfluidics method to fabricate alginate microspheres while simultaneously immobilizing anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex IgY and anti-Escherichia coli IgG antibodies primarily on the porous alginate carriers for specific binding and binding affinity tests. The binding affinity of antibodies is directly measured by fluorescence intensity of stained target bacteria on the microspheres. We demonstrate that the functionalized alginate microspheres yield specificity comparable with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The high surface area-to-volume ratio of the functionalized porous alginate microspheres improves the detection limit. By using the droplet microfluidics, we can easily modify the size and shape of alginate microspheres, and increase the concentration of functionalized alginate microspheres to further enhance binding kinetics and enable multiplexing.