5t叉车刹车系统综合试验台的研制和应用

５ｔ叉车刹车系统综合试验台的研制和应用湛江港务局黎宗海，陈维金系统发生故障时，一般是凭维修人员的经验来判断，有时花了不少时间，查找多个元部件，也找不出故障原因。即使找出原因，经过修理，也不知能否达到原来要求的技术性能。另外，对于损坏的刹车总泵、增压器...     

某型飞机刹车放大器试验台的设计与制造

基于某型飞机刹车放大器的测试需求进行了试验台的设计。试验台由冷气子系统、控制测量子系统及软件部分组成。可以进行刹车放大器性能参数测量,满足航修厂对刹车放大器的测试需求,在应用中取得良好效果。     

磨料流动加工微孔圆角

在机械加工过程中,各种阀孔、泵孔、喷嘴等产生的毛刺及尖角清理是比较麻烦的。特别是在精度很高的表面上加工一个小油孔,去尖角、毛刺就更困难了。我厂汽车刹车总泵壳体,材料为灰铸铁,Φ32mm内孔表面粗糙度为Ra0.2μm,该表面上要加工一个Φ0.6mm的油孔,刹车总泵工作状态时,橡胶材料的刹车皮碗要通过该孔(见图1)。     

某型飞机刹车压力伺服阀试验台的设计

刹车压力伺服阀试验台主要用于飞机刹车压力伺服阀的性能测试和故障诊断.介绍一种刹车压力伺服阀试验台的设计,该验台具有结构紧凑、操作简便、效率高、功能齐全、可靠性高等特点.     

核电用泵试验台建造经验浅谈

核电用泵试验台,尤其是核安全一、二级泵试验台,由于其试验项目和试验工况多、要求高,型式试验通常要做高温高压,冷、热冲击等试验,因此涉及到的专业和领域很多,在试验台设计和建设过程中需要注意的问题也比较多。简要介绍了在核电用泵试验台设计和建造过程中的一些经验和注意事项。     

电-液伺服技术在制动器试验台的应用

汽车制动器制动（刹车）性能的好坏,直接影响着汽车能否安全行驶,因而对其性能的检验是非常必要的。检验的方法,目前均采用室内的台架试验,汽车制动器试验台就是本着这一目的进行设计并工作的。     

飞机刹车组件智能测试台的设计与实现

飞机刹车组件是飞机制动系统中的一个重要部件。针对其性能测试要求,设计了测试飞机刹车组件性能的液压试验台。传统的试验台在压力控制、跳项测试以及自动化水平上都存在不足,为解决这些问题,设计了飞机刹车组件智能测试台。该试验台可以对飞机刹车组件进行排气功能、高压保压功能、往复试验功能、低压保压功能、测间隙功能、微压保压功能等性能进行测试。解决了传统试验台中存在的几个关键问题。经实验验证,该试验台能够满足测试要求。     

机轮刹车系统关键液压元件检测试验台设计

为满足机轮刹车关键液压元件维修或出厂前各项性能检测需求,设计了一种自动化程度高的刹车元件性能检测试验台,介绍了其工作原理、系统组成及主要技术参数.试验台采用PID闭环控制大幅度提高系统的稳定性,具有安全性高、可靠性强、操作简便等诸多优点,并能满足多项测试的目的 .经实际测试及使用,试验台系统运行可靠并已达到机轮刹车元件...     

某型飞机刹车放气活门测试台的设计

基于某型飞机刹车放气活门的测试需求进行了试验台的设计.试验台由冷气子系统,控制测量子系统,软件部分组成.可以进行刹车放气活门性能参数测量,满足航修厂对刹车放气活门的测试需求,在应用中取得良好效果.     

汽车齿轮箱的在线加载运转试验台

本文分析了汽车齿轮箱的在线加载运转试验台采用液压泵-多路溢流阀系统作为加载装置的合理性,并介绍了泵和阀的选择及加载系统的设计。经运行试验。本试验台可以实现在装配线上对有生产节拍要求,且变速范围大的汽车齿轮箱进行恒扭矩加载试验。     

Histochemical and ultrahistochemical localization of heavy metals in calf organs

Cadmium, zinc, selenium, and copper were administered, singly or in combination, orally or subcutaneously. Experiment I included 32 calves of both sexes; six received Cd (two groups), Zn, Cd, and Zn, and Cd and Se (two groups) and one group was a control. In Experiment II (21 bulls), three were given Cd, Cd, and Cu, and Cd and Zn, respectively, and one group was a control. For light microscopy, in Experiment I the highest amounts of silver granules were present in the samples of liver, small intestine, and vesicular gland of all the exposed groups; in Experiment II the most affected organs were liver, kidney, and small intestine. For electron microscopy, in Experiment I, after administration of Cd and Zn, the highest amounts of granules were seen in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes and cells of the proximal and distal renal tubules and the lowest amounts were found in glandular cells of the pancreas. Administration of Cd and Se resulted in the presence of large numbers of granules in the nuclei and nucleoli of spermatogonies. In Experiment II, ingestion of Cd and Zn in feed led to the appearance of highest amounts of granules in the nucleoli, nuclei, and cytoplasm of cells in testes, kidneys, and pancreas. Following Cd intake, the highest accumulation of granules was observed in the nucleoli of hepatocytes and cells of the proximal and distal renal tubules. Combined Cd and Cu produced the highest number of granules in cells of the proximal and distal renal tubules and in the nucleoli and nuclei of germinal epithelium.     

Effects of polydatin on the proliferation,migration, and invasion of ovarian cancer

To investigate the effects of polydatin on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of ovarian cancer, the change of proliferative ability, migration ability, and invasive ability of human ovarian cancer cell OVCAR-3, A2780, and HO-8910 was detected by using polydatin and up-regulating PI3K. The anticancer activity and mechanism of polydatin in ovarian cancer were analyzed. Polydatin could effectively inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of OVCAR-3, A2780, and HO-8910, and inhibit the expression of PI3K protein. After the expression level of PI3K protein was up-regulated, the inhibitory effect of polydatin on the proliferative ability, migration ability, and invasive ability of OVCAR-3, A2780, and HO-8910 significantly decreased, suggesting that PI3K was the target of polydatin. Therefore, we concluded that polydatin could inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of ovarian cancer cells by inhibiting the expression of PI3K protein, which provides an experimental basis for polydatin in the treatment of ovarian cancer.     

Localization of sarcoglycan, neuronal nitric oxide synthase, beta-dystroglycan, and dystrophin molecules in normal skeletal myofiber: triple immunogold labeling electron microscopy.

In order to investigate the mode of existence of the sarcoglycan complex, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), beta-dystroglycan, and dystrophin in the normal skeletal myofiber, we examined the ultrastructural localization and mutual spatial relationship of nNOS, beta-dystroglycan, dystrophin, and the individual components of the sarcoglycan complex by using triple immunogold labeling electron microscopy. Each molecule of alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-sarcoglycans is located intracellularly or extracellularly near the muscle plasma membrane mostly in accordance with the sarcoglycan antigenic sites against which the antibodies were generated. The association of different two and/or three sarcoglycan molecules out of alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-sarcoglycan molecules was frequently observed. Each molecule of nNOS, beta-dystroglycan, and dystrophin was ultrastructurally noted along the cell surface of normal skeletal myofibers. Moreover, the close relation of a sarcoglycan molecule with beta-dystroglycan and dystrophin, and the association of nNOS with dystrophin were also confirmed ultrastructurally. Thus, this study demonstrated that the constituting molecules of the sarcoglycan complex, nNOS, beta-dystroglycan, and dystrophin existed in the form of a cluster at the normal muscle plasma membrane. The association of nNOS with dystrophin and its associated glycoproteins may form a macromolecular signaling complex at the muscle plasma membrane.     

可展开固体反射面机构设计及运动学分析

针对传统固体反射面机构主反射面型面精度和收拢率较低的问题,设计了一种可展开固体反射面机构。首先,提出4种固体反射面机构可展单元构型并对其机构自由度进行分析,对比分析构型方案优缺点确定构型方案4作为可展单元基础构型,并对其结构和展开原理进行详细设计。通过D-H坐标变换建立该机构可展单元的运动学模型,根据几何约束条件建立机构位置矢量方程,利用向量封闭投影法解出各回转角间的关系,结合MATLAB软件编程对机构的位置、速度和加速度进行分析。应用ADAMS软件建立机构仿真模型,验证了机构运动学分析的正确性。最后根据机构中回转角的限制条件和结构尺寸关系,分析回转角和结构尺寸对可展开固体反射面机构收拢率的影响,确定2.2m可展开固体反射面机构的回转角和旋转角分别为78°和30°,中心圆盘半径、铰支座一孔纵向尺寸、切换连杆横向尺寸、纵向尺寸分别为245,8,40,18mm,收拢率为0.326,从而为可展开固体反射面机构的设计提供参考。     

Review on microbial metabolomics of probiotics and pathogens: Methodologies and applications

In recent years, microbial metabolomics, a new field that has attracted wide attention, provides a map of metabolic pathways and clarifies the interaction mechanism between microorganisms and hosts. Many microorganisms are found in the human intestine, oral cavity, vagina, etc. Probiotics could maintain the good health of the host, while pathogens and an imbalance of bacterial flora lead to a series of diseases of the body and mind. Metabolomics is a science for qualitative and quantitative analysis of all metabolites in an organism or biological system, which could provide key information to understand the related metabolic pathways and associated changes. This approach analyzes the final products of cellular regulatory processes, the level of which can be regarded as the ultimate response of the biological system to genetic or environmental changes. Microbial metabolomics has been widely used in different research fields, such as microbial phenotypic classification, mutant screening, metabolic pathways, microbial metabolic engineering, fermentation engineering monitoring and optimization, microbial environmental pollution, and so on. However, there are only a few reviews on microbial metabolomics of probiotics and pathogens. This review summarizes the main methodologies, including sample preparation, identification of metabolites, data processing, and analysis. Recent applications in microbial metabolomics of probiotics and pathogens are also described. This paper first summarized the research progress and application of microbial metabolomics from two aspects: probiotics and pathogenic bacteria. Probiotics and pathogenic bacteria do not exist independently most of the time; hence, these were reviewed in the research field of coexistence of probiotics and pathogenic bacteria, which was subdivided into important microbial research fields closely related to human health, including the human gut, oral cavity, food, and nutrition-related microorganisms. Then, the main problems and trends associated with microbial metabolomics are discussed.     

浅析空调净化系统的日常维护

在查看国内外文献、读书和实践的基础上,对空调净化系统各个部分的清洁消毒和维护进行讨论,包括高、中、初效过滤器的清洁更换、管道的清洁、仪表的校验、阀门的检查以及整个系统的消毒灭菌等,着重阐述其清洁消毒和维护的重要性,期望能够得到企业的重视。     

基于FLUENT的液体动静压轴承的动态特性分析

应用计算流体力学软件FLUENT对超高速磨削用五腔动静压轴承进行动态特性研究,得到动静压轴承内部压力场和温度场分布;计算轴承的承载力、温度、刚度、阻尼等动态参数,分析这些动态参数与偏心率以及转速之间的关系。结果表明:在保持供油压力和轴承偏心率不变的情况下,随着转速的提高,油温上升,轴承承载力及偏位角不断增大;在保持供油压力和主轴转速不变的情况下,随着偏心率的增大,轴承流量有所减少,轴承的承载能力不断增大,偏位角基本保持不变。     

生物轻质高强结构及其在吸能结构中的仿生应用

在长期进化过程中，自然界中的多种动物、植物形成了独特的轻质、高强结构，以此来抵抗外界的复杂冲击载荷，保护自身完整，满足生存需要。生物轻质高强结构的优越性，启发了科研和工程人员采用结构仿生学的方法来对管状和板状两大类吸能结构进行设计优化和改进。对竹子、茎秆/树干、羽轴、骨骼四类管状生物结构和甲虫鞘翅、贝壳、柚子皮、龟壳四类板状生物结构进行综述，阐述了分层、多孔、螺旋、中空等多种结构与轻质高强特性之间的关系。在此基础上，对比和分析了相应的结构元素在单胞管、多胞管、嵌套管、波纹管等管状吸能结构和蜂窝夹芯板、复合材料板、混合结构板等板状吸能机构中起到的作用。进一步对当前仿生吸能领域存在的结构复杂、质量大、缺乏普适性的机理和过渡“桥梁”等问题做出了分析；最后对仿生吸能技术的形式简单化、结构轻量化、理论通用化、“形神兼备”化发展趋势做出展望。     

海洋环境下典型金属材料腐蚀与磨损研究进展

海洋环境下金属材料的腐蚀与磨损及其复杂的交互作用是影响海洋装备可靠性和工作效率的关键因素。在概述海洋环境下金属材料腐蚀和磨损的现象及问题的基础上,分析海洋环境下典型金属腐蚀与磨损的交互作用研究进展及发展趋势,并对不锈钢、钛合金与铝合金等主要海洋环境用金属材料在不同介质下的腐蚀与磨损问题进行探讨,重点阐述海洋环境下金属腐蚀与磨损中相互促进的正交互作用和相互抑制的负交互作用机制以及它们之间的相互影响、过渡和转换等方面的研究进展。在腐蚀与磨损正、负交互作用转变的过程中,从微观角度讲,奥氏体和马氏体相的多次转变是主要影响因素;而从宏观角度看,材料的摩擦因数、载荷、运动形式等动摩擦因素和Cl-浓度、pH值、频率及外加电位等电化学因素是两类主要影响因素。对比分析多种腐蚀与磨损交互作用的计算模型,阐述利用表面技术改善金属材料防腐耐磨性能的研究进展,提出金属材料腐蚀与磨损的负交互作用机制、微生物对腐蚀与磨损交互作用的影响机制、微动磨损与腐蚀的交互作用研究以及腐蚀与磨损交互作用量的准确量化是未来的研究重点。     

热喷涂宽温域耐磨自润滑涂层研究现状与展望

在航空、航天、冶金、电力、石化、矿采等领域,零件高温摩擦磨损特性是影响装备寿命的重要因素,在关重零部件表面设计制备宽温域耐磨自润滑涂层是装备零件强化改性和再制造修复的重要手段。首先阐述了宽温域耐磨自润滑涂层设计中过渡层、基础相、增强相的材料选择依据;其次针对单一固体润滑剂适用温度范围窄的问题,梳理了从低温润滑剂发生氧化反应原位生成高温润滑剂,低温润滑剂与高温润滑剂长时协同作用,添加抑制剂减缓润滑相的损耗退化等三种宽温域耐磨自润滑涂层材料设计方法;而后总结了宽温域耐磨自润滑涂层的制备工艺,分析了不同喷涂工艺的技术特点和涂层制备实例,介绍了宽温域耐磨自润滑涂层在军事装备和工业设备上的典型应用;最后在此基础上对宽温域耐磨自润滑涂层的未来发展方向进行了展望。