厌氧生物膜反应器用于处理废水和生产甲烷的研究进展

既能用于废水处理又能生产甲烷的厌氧生物膜反应器的研制成为环境领域的研究热点,综述了目前国内外广泛应用的厌氧生物膜反应器的种类和影响其处理性能的主要因素,发现目前的研究更多的集中于实验室或中式规模,关于大规模反应器研制和应用的报道并不多,且由于实际应用的反应器受各种因素的影响并不能达到其最好的处理效果,因此,通过有效的参数检测系统综合考虑各种影响因素建立模型,并重视相关机理的研究,将成为未来研究的重点。     

厌氧流化床处理红霉素废水的研究

研究了中温(33～35℃)条件下,厌氧流化床(AFB)反应器处理红霉素废水的运行特性.结果发现:进水COD为6 900 mg/L、HRT为4.4 h时,COD、BOD的去除率分别达到了76.6%、65.9%.最后利用Garrett-Sawyer关系式求出了难生物降解的有机物浓度,并利用Monod模型对实验结果进行了动力学分析,得出了红霉素废水中温条件下厌氧消化过程的基质降解规律.     

厌氧流化床处理红霉素废水的快速启动研究

从生物膜的形成过程,对厌氧流化床反应器的快速启动进行了深入的研究,反应器R1采用在厌氧条件下直接挂膜的方式启动;反应器R2采用先在好氧条件下生成丝状菌,然后在厌氧条件下进行挂膜.结果发现,丝状菌作为生物膜的骨架加速了生物膜的形成,缩短了反应器的启动时间,35 d就可以完成启动,而且形成的生物膜具有较好的机械性能和抗冲击负荷能力.     

厌氧流化床处理硫酸盐草浆废水的研究

本文研究了ＡＦＢ反应器在中温（３０±２）℃条件下处理硫酸盐草浆废水的性能，其达到的指标为：当进水ＣＯＤ浓度２０００～５０００ｍｇ／Ｌ，水力停留时间３～９ｈ，ＣＯＤ去除率为５０．１％～７０．２％，容积产气率１．４６～２．０ｍ３／ｍ３·ｄ，有机容积负荷达４３．２ｋｇＣＯＤ／ｍ３·ｄ；并初步研究了废水中ＳＯ２－４、Ｓ２－等物质对厌氧生物的抑制作用，提出了消除其影响的方法。     

厌氧生物膜法处理聚酯高浓度废水

采用上流式厌氧生物膜工艺处理PET聚酯生产高浓度废水实际运行情况,表明厌氧生物膜法抗冲击负荷能力较强,温度低于30℃仍有较高的去除率,微碱性有利于甲烷菌的生长。     

厌氧流化床反应器的研究现状

综述了厌氧流化床（AFB）在国内外的研究现状，AFB作为现代微生物固定化技术与传质流化技术的产物，讨论了其相关的理论及实际操作问题，分析了反应存在的问题和今后的发展方向。     

组合生物膜反应器运行稳定性及微生物群落的研究

本研究在移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR)独立稳定运行之后,加入折叠曝气生物膜反应器(WFBR),考察了 WFBR的加入对COD和NH4+-N去除的影响以及组合生物膜反应器长期运行稳定性和微生物群落变化.结果显示,WFBR加入后COD和NH4+-N去除效率明显提高,但MBBR中微生物群落的丰富度和多样性有所下降,MBBR中...     

厌氧氨氧化反应器性能的稳定性及其判据

引言 性能稳定性是反应器的基本性能指标,一个不稳定的反应系统,即使反应潜力再大,其应用价值也将大打折扣.在反应器运行过程中,负荷冲击经常出现,抗负荷冲击能力便成了衡量反应器性能优劣的重要指标.尽管对反应器抗负荷冲击能力的研究较多,但大多为定性研究,缺乏定量分析[1-2],更缺乏通用的量化指标.     

厌氧流化床微生物燃料电池研究进展

厌氧流化床微生物燃料电池采用液固流化床耦合微生物燃料电池技术,使流体与微生物载体颗粒充分混合,可显著提高相间传质效率,进而提升废水处理及电池产电效率.综述了厌氧流化床微生物燃料电池的工作原理及优缺点,分析了温度、pH值、外阻、电极、驯化方式、内阻、基质流速等因素对电池产电性能的影响,介绍了电池的应用前景,并对其未来主要...     

ANAEROBIC BIOFILM REACTOR MODELING FOCUSED ON HYDRODYNAMICS

This work deals with an experimental and theoretical investigation of anaerobic biofilm reactors for treating wastewaters. Bioreactors are modeled as dynamic (gas-solid-liquid) three-phase systems. The anaerobic digestion model proposed by Angelidaki et al. (1999) was selected to describe the substrate degradation scheme and was applied to a biofilm system. The experimental setup consists of two mesophilic (36°±1°C) lab-scale anaerobic fluidized bed reactors (AFBRs) with sand as inert support for biofilm development. The experimental protocol is based on step-type disturbances applied on the inlet substrate concentration (glucose and acetate-based feeding) and on the feed flow rate considering the criterion of maximum efficiency. The predicted and measured responses of biological and hydrodynamic variables are investigated. Experimental data were used to estimate empirical values of biofilm detachment coefficients. Under the evaluated operating conditions, the proposed model for biofilm detachment rate, assumed as a first-order function of the energy dissipation parameter, is appropriate to represent the interaction between biofilm systems and fluidization characteristics in non-highly disturbed flow conditions. Model validation was carried out using the experimental data reported by Mussati et al. (2006). The results do not differ from those above. This seems to indicate that the proposed AFBR model is able to reproduce the main biological and hydrodynamic successes in the bioreactor.     

ANAEROBIC BIOFILM REACTOR MODELING FOCUSED ON HYDRODYNAMICS

This work deals with an experimental and theoretical investigation of anaerobic biofilm reactors for treating wastewaters. Bioreactors are modeled as dynamic (gas-solid–liquid) three-phase systems. The anaerobic digestion model proposed by Angelidaki et al. (1999 Angelidaki , I. , Ellegaard , L. , and Ahring , B. K. ( 1999 ). A comprehensive model of anaerobic bioconversion of complex substrates to biogas , Biotechnol. Bioeng. , 63 ( 5 ), 363 – 372 . [Google Scholar]) was selected to describe the substrate degradation scheme and was applied to a biofilm system. The experimental setup consists of two mesophilic (36°±1°C) lab-scale anaerobic fluidized bed reactors (AFBRs) with sand as inert support for biofilm development. The experimental protocol is based on step-type disturbances applied on the inlet substrate concentration (glucose and acetate-based feeding) and on the feed flow rate considering the criterion of maximum efficiency. The predicted and measured responses of biological and hydrodynamic variables are investigated. Experimental data were used to estimate empirical values of biofilm detachment coefficients. Under the evaluated operating conditions, the proposed model for biofilm detachment rate, assumed as a first-order function of the energy dissipation parameter, is appropriate to represent the interaction between biofilm systems and fluidization characteristics in non-highly disturbed flow conditions. Model validation was carried out using the experimental data reported by Mussati et al. (2006 Mussati , M. C. , Aguirre , P. A. , Fuentes , M. , and Scenna , N. J. ( 2006 ). Aspects on methanogenic biofilm reactor modeling , Lat. Am. Appl. Res. , 36 , 173 – 180 .[Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). The results do not differ from those above. This seems to indicate that the proposed AFBR model is able to reproduce the main biological and hydrodynamic successes in the bioreactor.     

A TYPICAL APPLICATION OF MAGNETIC FIELD INWASTEWATER TREATMENT WITH FLUIDIZED BED BIOFILM REACTOR

The effects of a magnetic field on wastewater treatment with a fluidized bed biofilm reactor was investigated. With glucose being the sole carbon source, the activated sludge obtained from a real wastewater treatment plant was used as a seed. Magnetically loaded polystyrene beads at the size of 500-595 μm were used as support materials for biofilm formation in a fluidized bed biofilm reactor. Magnetic field application allowed the operation of the column at high liquid flow rates, thus external diffusion limitations on the biofilm surface were lowered and the efficiency of biodegradation was increased. Denser, thinner, and more active biofilm was obtained with magnetic field application, especially in pulsed form. As expected, the system performance changed with operational parameters, and the increase in substrate removal reached up to 26% with pulsed application of a 17.8 mT DC-magnetic field under optimum conditions.     

膜法SBR三相外循环流化床反应器

本文分析了以多孔高分子载体为固相的三相外循环流化床反应器的优点,通过与膜法SBR工艺相结合,在处理COD浓度范围为600～1400mg/L,容积负荷范围为1.78～4.15kgCOD/m3.d的有机废水,其COD去除率能高达90.0%以上,NH4 -N的去除率能高达70.0%以上。结果还表明,该工艺具有处理较高浓度废水的潜力。     

流化式反应器生物膜特性的研究

本文在采用流化式生物膜反应器进行连续流废水处理试验的同时，研究了探讨了生物膜特性，进一步为流化式生物膜废水处理法的应用与开发提供实验依据。     

循环流化床锅炉快速床流体动力学结构研究

论述了快速床区流体动力学的结构，研究了快速床区纵向和横向悬浮密度分布的规律及相应的计算公式。对影响快速床区动力学结构的主要因素，如固体颗粒的循环率、气体速度等进行了试验研究，对循环流化床锅炉的设计和运行有一定的指导意义。     

气液固三相磁稳定流化床的操作状态对反应结果的影响

以氮气、水、铁粉为气液固三相研究了三相磁稳定流化床的床层操作状态；以重整生成油的烯烃饱和加氢过程为体系，研究了铁粉与大比表面非晶态合金催化剂混合颗粒为固相的磁稳定流化床中床层操作状态对反应结果的影响。找到了有利于气液固三相反应的磁稳定流化床床层操作状态     

循环流化床中谷壳与煤共燃SO2生成特性研究

在循环流化床实验台上,对谷壳与煤共燃的SO2生成特性进行了实验研究,着重研究了床温、过量空气系数对SO2生成特性的影响.实验表明,谷壳与煤共燃能够使煤燃烧的SO2生成量降低50%以上;加入谷壳的比例存在一个最佳范围,不超过30%;共燃时SO2的生成量随床温的升高而增加,SO2的减排率随床温的升高呈起伏变化,温度为850℃时减排率最大;共燃时过量空气系数变化对SO2的生成量无显著影响.     

填充率对紊动床生物膜反应器生物量影响的研究

对外表面载体紊动床生物膜反应器进行了不同填充率条件下的平行试验,研究了填充率对紊动床生物膜反应器处理效果、附着性能及悬浮生物量的影响。结果表明：当反应器中填充率从10％增高至20％时,系统对COD和氨氮的去除效率提高,且COD的比降解速率提高了2、85倍、生物膜胞外蛋白质含量较10％填充率时稳定,后者悬浮生物量浓度为前者的1．67倍以上,而单位载体上的生物膜量则减至前者的65％以下。因此,外表面载体的紊动床生物膜反应器中填充率越高,生物膜脱附量越大,悬浮微生物浓度越大,生物膜活性越高。