平面相控阵天线波束控制技术

以平面相控阵天线为研究对象,在给出阵面天线方向图函数模型的基础上,详细描述了波控码的计算方法;分析了波束控制的系统架构,提出了查表法与分布式计算相结合的波控码计算方法,阐述了其软件处理流程,并与传统方法对比分析了该方法的技术优势.通过对阵面天线方向图的仿真分析,该方法可以控制波束指向,实现一维扫描与二维扫描、单向扫描与...     

Design of error tolerance of a phased array

In the letter we present a set of universal probability curves that relate the array error tolerance, illumination function, achievable sidelobe level and the designed sidelobe level. We show that this set of probability curves can be used to find a lower designed sidelobe level to achieve a better error tolerance. The relations of array directivity gain and beamwidth with respect to illumination function are also discussed. These parameters can be conveniently used for this design procedure without detailed knowledge of the array illumination.     

Tracking error of phased array antenna

The tracking error of a phased array antenna between transmitting and receiving frequencies was measured by in-flight experiments using a geostationary satellite. The tracking error was found to depend on beam-scanning angle and the ratio of transmitting and receiving frequencies. Measured results agreed well with a theoretical prediction. An effective method to eliminate the tracking error is proposed     

Properties of a nonisosceles triangular grid planar phased array

An array with a general triangular grid structure (not necessarily isosceles) is considered, and methods of generating such an array are described. An analysis of its properties is presented. It is shown that this array has a grating lobe of -6 dB relative to the main lobe. The necessary conditions to avoid grating lobes are presented, with the conventional rectangular and isosceles triangular grids included as special cases. Furthermore, it is shown that one of the grid dimensions can be extended as compared to that of an isosceles triangular grid. However, when this is done, the optimal, grid area is reduced.     

移相器量化误差对相控阵天线相位中心的影响分析

为精确预测相控阵天线相位中心的特性,研究了数字移相器相位量化误差对相控阵天线相位中心的影响.对计算相控阵天线相位中心的方法进行了论述,得出了根据远场相位分布精确计算天线阵相位中心的方法;采用该方法对一算例阵列进行计算仿真,算例阵列采用5位数字移相器,计算得出不同扫描角下天线相位中心的变化.计算结果表明:数字移相器量化误差对相控阵天线相位中心可造成显著影响,该影响与移相器位数和扫描角均有关.研究结论可用于指导高精度相控阵天线的设计.     

有限量化精度移相器对毫米波平面相阵波束控制性能的影响

在毫米波频段由于路径损耗较大,通常采用波束成形来提高链路增益以建立稳定的连接。通常在低频段采用的数字波束成形,由于每根天线配置一条射频链路,功耗和成本较高。采用相阵架构实现射频波束成形是一种折衷的选择。本文研究了毫米波信道下移相器有限的量化精度在平面相阵单流波束控制（beam steering）中带来的性能损失。首先推导了阵列增益损失与移相器误差方差之间的理论关系,然后通过蒙特卡洛仿真验证该理论结果。从仿真结果可以看出平面相阵的增益损失可以通过增加移相器精度来减小。在通常应用中,4-bit移相器在实现平面相阵波束控制时提供了足够的增益。      

舰载平面相控阵天线安装倾角的设计方法

利用舰载惯性导航系统提供的姿态信息,对处于静态和动态姿态下的舰载平面相控阵天线的波束指向变换进行了分析,得到了平面相控阵天线的扫描角。在此基础上,以相控阵天线最大扫描角度最小为目标,给出了天线随舰载安装平台处于运动姿态条件时的安装倾角的设计方法。该方法能够在给定的舰船纵摇和横摇范围内,针对相控阵天线需求的空域扫描覆盖范围,实现对任意多面旋转布阵的平面相控阵天线安装倾角的计算。由该方法计算得到的天线安装倾角能够使平面相控阵天线有最小的最大扫描角,从而提高相控阵天线的电气性能。     

Digital error rate performance of active phased array satellite systems

A model for a multiple spot beam digital satellite employing an active phased array antenna with frequency reuse is proposed and applied to study the power limited down-link bit error rate performance. Since the power amplifier preceding each antenna element is generally nonlinear, intermodulation distortion is produced among the various spot beams, degrading performance. Expressions for the bit error rate are derived, averaged over an ensemble of random arrays. Typical results indicate a degradation of 1-5 dB relative to a horn-reflector antenna of the same total effective aperture with a single channel per transponder, as the number of cochannel signals and the number of antenna elements are respectively varied between 10 and 30, and 500 and 10 000. The degradation is shown to result from nonlinearly induced signal suppression and cochannel interference.     

An efficient computation scheme for the free space Green's function of a two-dimensional semiinfinite phased array

A simple scheme is developed to compute the Green's function of a periodic semiinfinite array in free space. It is based on the spectral representation of the fields radiated by an infinite linear array of dipoles. Results related to successive linear arrays are added in the space domain. This summation can be accelerated tremendously by using an elementary extrapolation technique. The resulting formulation converges everywhere in the plane containing the array, and the number of terms required to achieve a given precision increases slowly away from this plane.     

Computation of element patterns of an E plane sectoral-horn planar phased array

The electromagnetic properties of a planar array of E plane sectoral horns have been analysed. Computed results are presented and compared with measurements. A more exact criterion for the existence of mutual-coupling nulls is also presented, which predicts an H plane null in a particular array which is not predicted by previous criteria.     

相控阵雷达在线幅相校正

TR组件有源通道会随环境条件的变化引起雷达回波幅度和相位的变化,使得相控阵天线波束的指向精度下降、副瓣电平抬高,导致雷达系统在探测、成像、跟踪时失效。为此,通过对相控阵天线产生幅相误差原因的分析,提出了采用远场最优方向图和近场平均矢量法相结合的算法,对相控阵雷达进行非实时在线幅相校正,从而提高相控阵天线的幅相一致性,保证雷达系统正常工作。暗室试验和外场试验验证了算法的正确性和可实现性。     

窗函数在相控阵天线平面近场测量中的应用

有限扫描面截断是影响天线平面近场测量精度的主要误差源之一，尤其是对于波束扫描的相控阵天线的平面近场测量更是如此。为了减小相控阵天线平面近场测量中的有限扫描面截断误差，介绍了余弦窗函数并将其应用到相控阵天线平面近场测量中。计算机模拟结果表明，通过对近场进行加余弦窗的数据处理能够有效地减小有限扫描面截断误差。提出了对近场数据进行加余弦窗处理的适用条件。     

子阵级平面相控阵ADBF的旁瓣抑制方法

研究子阵级平面相控阵ADBF自适应方向图的旁瓣抑制方法.给出了二维子阵级ADBF的信号模型,适用于任意的平面相控阵.分析了常规的二维子阵级ADBF方法,引入了基于子空间投影的二维子阵级ADBF.研究了常规方法和基于子空间投影方法的结合方法,提高了对自适应方向图进行旁瓣抑制的灵活性,有效地降低了输出SINR损失;可在较好地进行旁瓣抑制的同时,得到与最优波束形成器非常接近的输出SINR.仿真结果证明了所提出方法的有效性.     

Frequency-domain Green's function for a planar periodicsemi-infinite phased array. II. Diffracted wave phenomenology

For pt.I see ibid., vol.48, no.1, p.67-74, 2000. This second part of a two-paper sequence deals with the physical interpretation of the rigorously derived high-frequency asymptotic wave-field solution in part I, pertaining to a semi-infinite phased array of parallel dipole radiators. The asymptotic solution contains two parts that represent contributions due to truncated Floquet waves (FWs) and to the corresponding edge diffractions, respectively. The phenomenology of the FW-excited diffracted fields is discussed in detail. All possible combinations of propagating (radiating) and evanescent (nonradiating) FW and diffracted contributions are considered. The format is a generalization of the conventional geometrical theory of diffraction (GTD) for smooth truncated aperture distributions to the truncated periodicity-induced FW distributions with their corresponding FW-modulated edge diffractions. Ray paths for propagating diffracted waves are defined according to a generalized Fermat principle, which is also valid by analytic continuation for evanescent diffracted ray fields. The mechanism of uniform compensation for the FW-field discontinuities (across their truncation shadow boundaries) by the diffracted waves is explored for propagating ad evanescent FWs, including the cutoff transition from the propagating to the evanescent regime for both the FW and diffracted constituents. Illustrative examples demonstrate: (1) the accuracy and efficiency of the high-frequency algorithm under conditions that involve the various wave processes outlined above and (2) the cogent interpretation of the results in terms of the uniform FW-modulated GTD     

Frequency-domain Green's function for a planar periodicsemi-infinite phased array .I. Truncated floquet wave formulation

This two-part sequence deals with the derivation and physical interpretation of a uniform high-frequency solution for the field radiated at finite distance by a planar semi-infinite phased array of parallel elementary electric dipoles. The field obtained by direct summation over the contributions from the individual radiators is restructured into a double series of wavenumber spectral integrals whose asymptotic reduction yields a series encompassing propagating and evanescent Floquet waves (FWs) together with corresponding diffracted rays, which arise from scattering of the FW at the edge of the array. The formal aspects of the solution are treated in the present paper. They involve a sequence of manipulations in the complex spectral wavenumber planes that prepare the integrands for subsequent efficient and physically incisive asymptotics based on the method of steepest descent. Different species of spectral poles define the various species of propagating and evanescent FW. Their interception by the steepest descent path (SDP) determines the variety of shadow boundaries for the edge truncated FW. The uniform asymptotic reduction of the SDP integrals, performed by the Van der Waerden (1951) procedure and yielding a variety of edge-diffracted fields, completes the formal treatment     

Use of a phase corrector plate to generate a single-lobed phased array far field pattern

-Most phased arrays operate in array modes that produce a twin-lobed far field pattern. A robust method has been developed to produce a single lobe by using an external phase corrector plate positioned at the image plane of the array facet. Results are given showing the changes in the far field pattern as the corrector plate is shifted across the image plane of the array facet. Alignment of the corrector plate is not critical to a certain extent, along the optic axis of the microscope objective, and the pattern is stable over a wide operating current range.     

Synthesis of a waveguide phased array element

A synthesis of a simple matching structure for a waveguide phased array element is presented. The matching is in the form of a double-tuned response. Short dielectric discs in combination with a below cutoff section of waveguide approximately realizes the lumped circuit parameters of the ideal double-tuned circuit. The departure from the ideal realization is explained in terms of the dispersive character of the structure and the interdependence of the resonator circuits. Design examples of linearly polarized and wide-scan (75degcone) polarization diverse arrays are carried out for bandwidths greater than 10 percent. The completed designs are evaluated considering the multimode nature of the aperture discontinuity.