论社会主义新农村建筑及景观文化建设

简要介绍了新农村建筑及景观文化建设及传承的含义和原则,着重阐述了新农村建筑及景观文化建设的三个侧重点：文化背景保护,既存空间扩展,文化符号抽取,并指出了应注意事项,指出应考虑多方面因素,从总体上把握,结合实际,合理规划,以确保新农村建设工作有序进行。     

Towards a new regional landscape

This article examines a recently implemented regional reform in Norway and some ongoing regionalization processes in two of the largest city-regions. The point of departure is the assumption that the framing of the regionalization process influences its outcome, and the principal question is to what degree they were aggregative or integrative decision processes. The national reform failed because it developed into an aggregative zero-sum power game with veto-players, as the government challenged many County Councils without creating a framework that could have made compromise possible. By contrast, the strength of the integrative processes in the two city-regions lies in the fact that they contributed to the development of governance networks with a belief in a shared destiny.     

新农村建设中的村庄景观规划设计

以浙江丽水大港头村景观设计为例,从村庄标志性景观、村民公共空间、建筑立面风格、旅游定位等方面对其景观规划设计进行了具体介绍,从而为丽水新农村景观建设提供了可行的规划模式。     

浅谈新农村建筑设计要求

简单地阐述了新农村建筑设计在总体规划、功能外观、结构抗震、节能减排、生态环境建设等方面的要求,以使薪农村建筑彰显地方特色,传承历史文化,既有实用价值又有较鲜明的地方文化韵味。     

新型农村综合体广场景观设计

通过调研福泉市松江村的自然与文化资源,从本土文化、产业发展、河道系统、低影响开发四方面,分析了该农村进行综合体广场的景观设计重点,并探讨了主要景观节点设计的方法,旨在打造出具有当地人文内涵、契合农业旅游发展的新型农村综合体广场景观。     

新乡村旅游景观设计初探

伴随着中国新农村建设的展开,众多的村落景观正经历着城市化、生态环境破坏等巨大冲击。广大乡村地区拥有丰富的乡土遗存景观,如何恢复、再造乡村景观成为本文的主要研究内容。本文以桥梓镇一渡河粮仓周边闲置区域为具体案例展开研究。通过对该地区进行实地深入调研的方式,了解该地区乡土民俗、生活习惯、建筑特色等,结合地方原有景观特色进行分析、设计,形成一系列“理想乡村”构思。     

哈尔滨市周边乡村景观规划设计初探

通过对哈尔滨市周边金星村、叶家窝铺和韩祯窝堡三个村庄现状的重点调查和分析,从景观格局、住宅风貌、公共空间和绿化景观等方面提出规划设计要点,以期为北方乡村景观规划设计提供理论依据,从而解决乡村景观设计过程中出现的各类问题。     

关于农村新型景观规划方向的探讨

对新农村建设中所产生的景观问题进行了分析,提出了景观学方面的改造方法,并从景观的几个方面进行了针对性研究,阐明了景观所营造的美学价值和生态价值对农村发展的促进作用。     

新型农村社区中农村特色景观元素的保护与应用

通过对参与的新型农村社区改造项目进行思考,阐释了农村特色景观元素的保护与应用的意义以及农村景观历史文化的传承的必要性,从景观设计的角度,分析了如何保护农村特色文化及景观元素并赋予时代内涵,以营造出具有家园氛围的农村社区环境。     

乡土景观符号的提取与其在乡土景观营造中的应用

本文对符号对于乡土景观的表征意义进行了相关研究。从乡土景观符号的概念与演变入手,介绍了符号、文化与乡土景观之间的关系,说明地域文化传承与乡土景观符号提取之间的相互联系,强调乡土景观符号在文脉延续上的重要性。从自然环境、人文环境、材料和技术等切入点入手,讨论如何提取、传承以及应用乡土景观符号。结合北京市延庆县西小庄科村整体规划设计实例,提出应从环境调查、文脉梳理、符号创作等方面进行乡土景观符号的创作。     

乡村景观在新农村建设中的应用分析与研究

新农村建设中改善农村居民生活环境是一项主要的内容,合理规划设计乡村景观是解决这一内容的主要途径。乡村景观是一种具有特定内涵的景观类型,是服务于我国约7.9亿农村人口的聚落景观形态,是农村自然景观和人文景观的复合体。我国目前正处于传统乡村景观向现代乡村景观转型的阶段,迫切需要利用现有的乡村自然景色改善传统景观环境给农村居民提供一个更加宜居的具有田园文化特色的现代乡村景观环境。在我国占土地面积1.74%的农村土地上如何规划和设计好乡村景观已是一个亟待解决的问题。     

创新规划理念 展现乡村新貌

本文重点介绍了成都市青白江区在推进城乡统筹工作中,通过组织编制实施村庄规划,将规划向农村延伸,实现城乡规划一体化的主要做法及启示。     

Design, construction and performance testing of a new system for energy saving in rural buildings

Drying fruit, heating residential buildings and providing a hot water supply in villages all consume energy. Using fossil fuel for these purposes creates pollution and costs too much. In contrast, the use of solar energy in these applications leads to a noticeable decrease both in pollution and investment costs. In this study, a new solar system was designed and tested in order to reduce energy usage in rural residential buildings and the food drying industry. As the peaks of energy consumption in the proposed system are not simultaneous, this new system is very effective in reducing energy consumption, controlling energy peaks and reducing environmental pollution. This system has the ability to provide the required energy in both summer and winter modes. In the summer mode, the energy supply is used for providing hot water and drying agricultural products, while in winter mode it is used for rural residences heating and hot water supply. Drying time has been varied between 51.23 and 42.45 h according to type of application, and average temperature difference between room and ambient is almost nearly 10 °C with different air heaters. The system includes energy supply and storage equipment, solar dryers, water collectors and rectangular, triangular, trapezoidal and double-pass with longitudinal fins air heaters. The system was tested in Iran for drying apricots, heating rural residential buildings and supplying hot water for domestic use, meanwhile, the energetic and exergetic efficiency of the system was calculated 37.3-61.3 and 3.2-9.7 respectively for different types of installations.     

首都博物馆新馆景观设计概念

首都博物馆新馆位于西长安街延长线白云路的西侧,交通便利,地理位置十分优越,其收藏的文物精品从各方面展示了北京自史前至清代数千年的历史。在这样一种文化内涵丰富,场所精神敏感的地段,如何来营造其景观环境空间,首都博物馆新馆环境景观设计方案为我们提供了这样一个思考的机会。 一、设计概念 面对红线范围内可营造景观的面积太少的空间局限和对场地所应具有的景观内涵的理性思考,设计提出了“大广场,小庭院”的空间设计理念。博物馆北侧营造开阔、敞亮的“大广场”空间,试图寻找广场与建筑之间横与竖的空间对比,以烘托博物馆建筑…     

新农村建筑和环境综合规划设计研究

通过对我国农村建筑和环境规划设计中存在的问题进行分析,结合国外发达国家新农村规划政策,得到适合我国的新农村规划之路,为以后我国新农村建筑和环境综合规划提出相应的具有时代意义的建议。     

Carabid communities in the spatio-temporal mosaic of a rural landscape

The effect of landscape dynamics on carabid communities was investigated using a chronosequence of managed grassland sites. A total of 52 carabid species was found. Species richness was significantly higher in early than in later stages of grassland succession. The change from an arable land to a grassland carabid community was almost complete 10 years after the conversion to grassland. The accompanying change in the dominant feeding mode indicates a marked shift in the functional structure of the carabid community from arable land to grassland. Correlation analysis revealed a positive response of phytophagous species to dense and species-rich grassland vegetation that was only loosely related to grassland age.Invasion of grassland species was largely confined to the early stages of carabid succession. On the other hand, loss of species continued until the latest stage of the chronosequence, though many species preferring arable land had already vanished a short time after the conversion to grassland. The species turnover was independent of the dispersal abilities of the carabid species involved. This is probably due to the high spatial connectivity of suitable habitats in the small-scale landscape mosaic of the Lahn-Dill-Bergland.It is concluded that the variety of land use (arable land versus grassland) contributes considerably more to the species richness of carabids at the landscape level than the simultaneous availability of grassland sites of different age, provided that areas converted to grassland are allowed to persist for at least 10 years. The missing invasion of additional species into later stages of grassland succession can partly be explained by the premature state that is maintained at the older sites by management.     

Distribution and dynamics of birds in a rural sub-Mediterranean landscape

The richness and abundance of birds in a sub-Mediterranean rural landscape (north Italy, Massa Carrara Province) were investigated across two spatial scales (10 km × 10 km and 5 km × 5 km), two functional scales (land use mosaic and ecotope) and two temporal scales (annual and seasonal).Information on birds collected using the line transect method was compared with some landscape attributes (altitude, orientation, patch size, distance from cultivations).Distribution, abundance and seasonal turnover of birds were described efficiently by land use cover and ecotopes, but altitude, orientation, patch size and neighboring patch types were also important.Pure crop areas and crops mixed within woodlands and farming villages were the areas preferred by birds especially out of the breeding period, although woodlands supported more stable birds assemblages over the year. The multiscalar approach proposed was an efficient strategy to investigate these bird assemblages living in a patchy rural mosaic in which resources were made seasonally available by agricultural practices.The recent landscape change due to abandonment of agriculture in most of the sub-Mediterranean mountainous rural areas and the consequent woodland encroachment were expected to produce impoverishment of both diversity and abundance of resident and migratory birds.