甜菜汁乳酸发酵饮料的研究

以甜菜为原料,经榨汁处理,将所得原料进行乳酸发酵。实验结果表明,嗜酸乳杆菌(L.acidophilus),植物乳杆菌(L.plantarum)和其它乳酸菌培养研究相比,其含量要大的多;并将甜菜汁在30℃下发酵48h,能使其pH从6.3下降到4.5左右,并含有大量有益乳酸菌菌株。将甜菜汁在4℃低温下培养4周左右时间,甜菜发酵汁中除了嗜酸乳杆菌(L.acidophilus)以外,其它乳酸菌菌种活菌数均能保持106～108cfu/mL的水平。      

蔬菜汁的乳酸菌发酵

为制备不含任何动物性来源成分的纯植物性的乳酸菌发酵产品,采用双歧乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌、保加利亚乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌4种乳酸菌,在豆角、香菇、番茄、青瓜、胡萝卜和包菜6和蔬菜培养液中进行发酵。实验结果证明,4种乳酸菌可以在不添加其他营养物质的纯蔬菜培养液正常生长,但是不同菌种适合的蔬菜培养液也不相同,且混合蔬菜培养液培养效果要好于单一蔬菜培养液。番茄和青瓜混合培养液适合双歧乳杆菌生长,包菜和青瓜混合培养液适合植物乳杆菌生长,包菜和番茄混合培养液适合保加利亚乳杆菌生长,豆角和青瓜混合培养液适合嗜酸乳杆菌生长。蔬菜的乳酸菌发酵产品,在4℃下冷藏2周后,4种菌体的存活率均在106CFU/mL以上。在不添加其他营养物质的条件下,蔬菜汁可以用来生产活性乳酸菌产品,满足素食主义者、乳糖不耐症者的消费需求。     

牡蛎萝卜汁的乳酸菌发酵研究

从泡菜中筛选出一株乳酸菌并初步鉴定为Lactobacillus sp.以Lactobacillus sp.21做为菌种,选择蔬菜汁为种子扩大培养基并对其培养条件进行了优化,最适条件为萝卜汁:豆芽汁为1:5,温度35%和初始pH 7.0.以牡蛎酶解液和萝卜汁为发酵基质,接种经种子扩大培养基扩大培养的Lactobacillus sp.21进行密闭发酵.通过正交试验优化获得最适条件为发酵温度28℃,接种量5%,发酵时间16h.验证试验表明,该条件下获得乳酸菌发酵液口味较好,活菌数达到9.5×108个/mL.通过乳酸菌发酵,巧妙地整合了牡蛎、萝卜、活性乳酸菌的特性,制备风味独特的乳酸菌发酵液,为牡蛎和萝卜等高值利用提供参考.     

乳酸菌发酵柿汁的制备工艺

介绍了以柿子汁为原料制备乳酸菌发酵饮料的工艺流程,并对原材料和发酵产品的一些营养指标进行了测量。实验表明,乳酸菌发酵的最佳条件是发酵温度30℃、接种量6%、菌种AS1.1482∶6038=2∶1。产品既保留了部分柿子汁的原有风味,又具有乳酸发酵形成的特殊风味,营养价值较高,有一定的保健作用。     

黄瓜圣女果复合汁乳酸发酵饮料的研制

对保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌进行驯化,使其适应复合菜浆的生长环境。通过正交试验确定黄瓜、圣女果复合汁乳酸发酵饮料的最佳发酵条件为:黄瓜汁:圣女果汁=1∶1(W/W),牛乳添加量为10%(V/V),接种量6%(V/V),发酵温度40℃,发酵时间18h。最佳调配方案为:白砂糖5%(W/W),柠檬酸0.15%(W/W),草莓香精0.02%(V/V)。     

澄清型南瓜乳酸发酵饮料的开发研究

选择了适合发酵的南瓜品种进行研究,所用菌种为植物乳杆菌.产品形式为澄清型南瓜乳酸发酵汁,发酵原汁经过离心澄清后进行口感调配,具有酸甜适口、风味独特的特性.     

全麦芽汁乳酸发酵饮料的研制

研究了麦汁制备和全麦芽汁乳酸发酵的工艺条件。结果表明：在pH5.6,料水比1︰4条件下,采用65℃糖化,可得到较高的浸出物收率和还原糖含量;选用5%接种量,在41℃下经过36hr的发酵,可得到口味纯正、酸度适宜的发酵液,经后熟和加蔗糖调配研制出酸甜可口、富含氨基酸、维生素等多种营养成分的全新麦芽汁乳酸饮料。     

乳酸发酵复合果蔬汁配方的研制

以胡萝卜、苹果、番茄为复合果蔬汁原料,利用发酵酸乳的乳酸菌(保加利亚乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌)和发酵泡菜的乳酸菌(植物乳杆菌)混合作为发酵菌种,考察果蔬汁中添加葡萄糖、蔗糖、麦芽汁和大豆酶解蛋白对菌种的促生情况及复合果蔬汁的风味影响。最终确定了复合果蔬汁的最佳配比为:胡萝卜∶苹果∶番茄=50∶30∶20、葡萄糖3%、蔗糖8%、麦芽汁6%、大豆蛋白0.5%。调配好的复合果蔬汁灭菌条件为:温度95℃、时间10min。     

野生酸枣汁乳酸菌饮料的研究

通过采用4因素3水平的正交试验,对野生酸枣汁乳酸菌饮料的最佳工艺配方进行了研究。结果表明最佳配方为混合枣汁10%、白砂糖9%、发酵乳30%、乳化稳定剂0.30%、42℃发酵4h、菌种比1∶1、接种量3%。     

乳酸菌发酵蔬菜汁的研究进展

阐述了乳酸菌对发酵蔬菜汁的作用、目前发酵工艺中的一些关键技术及发酵蔬菜汁稳定性和乳酸菌固定化细胞技术的研究进展．     

乳酸菌胞外多糖发酵条件优化及抗肿瘤活性的研究

该研究以胞外多糖产量为评价指标,采用单因素试验及响应面试验对副干酪乳杆菌副干酪亚种（Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei）M5L产胞外多糖的发酵条件进行优化,并采用噻唑蓝（MTT）法及实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应（RT-FQPCR）研究胞外多糖的抗肿瘤活性。结果表明,乳酸菌M5L产胞外多糖的最优发酵条件为发酵温度37 ℃、发酵时间12.8 h、初始pH值7.7、菌体浓度108 CFU/mL,在此最优发酵条件下,胞外多糖产量达到最大,为167.2 mg/mL,是优化前的1.3倍。当质量浓度为500 μg/mL的胞外多糖对Caco-2细胞处理72 h时,抑制作用最佳,抑制率达19.5%,显著增加胞内Caspase-3、Bax基因且降低Bcl-2基因的表达量,说明该胞外多糖可通过影响凋亡相关蛋白的表达来促进Caco-2细胞凋亡。     

少孢根霉发酵乳酸菌作用后脱脂豆粉的研究

利用少孢根霉对脱脂豆粉的乳酸菌发酵产物进行二次发酵,孢子浓度为1.37×107cfu/mL,在单因素试验的基础上,设定了3因素4水平的正交试验,以氨基酸态氮和水溶性蛋白质含量作为评价指标,优化的发酵条件为:装液量60mL/500mL,发酵温度37℃,摇床转速140r/min,发酵68h。     

酸菜汁中乳酸菌的筛选和产酸性能的优化

本文从甘肃地区自制酸菜汁中分离出39株革兰氏阳性菌,过氧化氢酶实验均为阴性。通过滴定法筛选获得6株产酸率高于1%的菌株,经形态学鉴定均为杆菌,其中LS-9菌株的产酸率最高。通过单因素实验确定了LS-9菌株培养基的最佳碳源为葡萄糖,最佳氮源为胰蛋白胨。利用正交实验优化培养条件为葡萄糖添加量20 g/L,胰蛋白胨添加量12 g/L,发酵温度为36 ℃。其中温度对菌株发酵产酸影响最大,其次是胰蛋白胨添加量,葡萄糖添加量对发酵产酸影响最小。验证实验表明,菌株在最佳条件下的产酸率为1.74%±0.05%。经16S rRNA测序和系统进化树分析,LS-9菌株与干酪乳杆菌的同源性较高。全脂奶发酵实验表明LS-9凝乳时间约为6 h,酸度102.4 °T,活菌数可达1.25×10⁸ CFU/mL。     

木瓜乳酸发酵饮料的工艺研究

对以木瓜为原料提取的木瓜浆进行乳酸发酵,采用正交试验法优选出最佳发酵条件。结果表明,木瓜浆浓度50％～60％,保加利亚乳杆菌嗜热链球菌最适比例为11,接种量4％,发酵温度42℃,前发酵时间6～8h,研制的木瓜乳酸发酵饮料组织均匀,口感细腻,甜酸适度。     

乳酸菌发酵红树莓山楂复合果汁品质分析

采用植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum）、鼠李糖乳杆菌（Lactobacillus rhamnosus）、副干酪乳杆菌（Lactobacillus paracasei）三种乳酸菌按照1∶1∶1的比例复合发酵红树莓山楂复合果汁（1∶1）,分析其发酵前后部分理化指标的变化。结果显示,发酵后红树莓山楂复合发酵饮料中含有16种氨基酸;共检出40种挥发性风味物质,主要为酯类、酮类、酸类以及酚类化合物等;总酚含量为0.061 g/100 g、维生素C含量为89.56 mg/100 g;发酵后有机酸含量增至4.19 g/L,特别是乳酸含量由0.12 g/L增至3.22 g/L;活菌数达到2.2×107CFU/m L。感官分析结果显示,乳酸菌发酵能提升发酵原液的风味,保护色泽,红树莓山楂复合发酵饮料感官评分为86分,是一款营养、健康的乳酸发酵饮料。     

Spray drying conditions for orange juice incorporated with lactic acid bacteria

This work aimed to develop an orange juice powder by spray drying with lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus plantarum 299v and Pediococcus acidilactici HA‐6111‐2), testing their survival both during drying and storage (room temperature and 4 °C). Initially, the best conditions for spray drying were chosen to allow the best survival of each LAB: (i) inlet air temperature of 120 °C and (ii) 0.5:2 ratio of the orange juice soluble solids and drying agent added (prebiotics: 10 DE maltodextrin or gum Arabic). Survival of LAB was not affected by drying process, and it was higher when cultures were stored at 4 °C. A slightly higher protection was conferred by 10 DE maltodextrin, in the case of L. plantarum and at 4 °C. Pediococcus acidilactici was more resistant during storage at 4 °C, with logarithmic reductions lower than 1 log‐unit. It was demonstrated that it is possible to produce a functional nondairy product, orange juice powder supplemented with prebiotic compounds, containing viable LAB for at least 7 months, when stored at 4 °C.     

Improved iron solubility in carrot juice fermented by homo- and hetero-fermentative lactic acid bacteria

To evaluate lactic acid fermentation as a means to increase the availability of iron in carrot juice, two strains (Lactobacillus pentosus FSC1 and Leuconostoc mesenteroides FSC2), two types of carrot juice and two modes of fermentation were compared. Fermentation improved iron solubility up to 30 fold. The total mineral content and the yield of soluble iron differed between the two types of juice. Addition of pectolytic enzyme and cellulase further improved iron solubility in fermented juice by about 10%. L. pentosus FSC1 yielded the largest improvement in soluble iron, which was not simply a result of a decrease in pH. The concentration of soluble iron in Ln. mesenteroides FSC2 fermentation was linearly related to the major acids produced. Besides, the mineral inhibitor phytate was completely degraded in all the fermentations.Lactic acid fermentation strongly improves iron solubility in carrot juice. The level of improvement was strain specific and related to the produced acids rather than a simple pH effect. Composition of carrot juice and addition of viscosity-reducing enzymes also contributed to this improvement. Our study suggests that carrot juice with high mineral availability may be achieved by fermentation using selected starter cultures, substrate and process.     

Fermentation of salmon fillets with a variety of lactic acid bacteria

The influence of five strains of lactic acid bacteria (four Lactobacillus and one Carnobacterium) on the quality of fermented salmon fillets was studied. Best starter growth (increase of more than 1 log in 3 days) and acidification of muscle (e.g. pH reduction of approximately 0.7 units in 5 days) were achieved with the two commercial strains L. sake LAD and L. alimentarius BJ33. pH reduction was consistently lower (e.g. reduction of 0.2 units in 5 days) with C. piscicola 85. Protein breakdown as observed on SDS-PAGE gels was similar for all strains. In contrast, the starter strain did influence texture and colour changes. Fast acidifying strains L. sake LAD and L. alimentarius BJ33 brought about a firmer overall texture and a lighter colour, while softening of flesh occurred in samples processed with C. piscicola 85. Sensory evaluations indicated that samples processed with fast acidifying strains were preferred. L. sake LAD and L. alimentarius BJ33 are regarded as suitable starters for fermentation of salmon fillets.     

Stability of microencapsulated lactic acid bacteria under acidic and bile juice conditions

The probiotic strains Lactobacillus brevis CCMA1284 and Lactobacillus plantarum CCMA0359 were microencapsulated by spray drying using different matrices – whey powder (W), whey powder with inulin (WI) and whey powder with maltodextrin (WM). Viability of the microencapsulated strains in acid and bile juices and during 90 days of storage (seven and 25 °C) was evaluated. The two strains exhibited high encapsulation efficiency (> 86%) by spray drying. The different matrices maintained L. plantarum viability above six log CFU g⁻¹ at 7 °C for 90 days, whereas similar results for L. brevis were observed only for W. The use of inulin as matrix of encapsulation did not enhance bacterial viability in the evaluated conditions. In general, the use of W and WM as matrices was effective for L. plantarum viability. However, only W was effective for L. brevis in the evaluated conditions. The spray drying technique was successfully adopted for the encapsulation of L. plantarum CCMA0359 and L. brevis CCMA1284 strains.