氯苯生产中氯化开车升温时出现黑料的防范措施

氯化开车升温时出现黑料的原因有两点:①氯化开车时苯的入塔温度过高;②氯化开车升温时苯的进塔流量控制不当。防止氯化开车升温时出现黑料应采取如下措施:     

氯化苯生产中尾气低温氯化问题

目前,氯化苯生产厂家所采用的生产工艺都是干苯于暗处以FeCl_3为催化剂,在苯沸腾状态下通氯进行并流氯化,过量的苯汽化带走反应热,汽态苯经冷凝后回氯化器,生成的氯化液经水洗、中和、粗精馏后得成品氯化苯。氯化尾气经一、二段冷凝除苯后,再用降膜吸收(或填料塔喷淋吸收)尾气中的少量苯,最后经捕集器送盐酸工段生产副产盐酸。尾气中除大量氯化氢外,还夹杂少量苯和氯气及氢、氧、二氧化碳等不凝气体。     

氯化苯生产中苯氯化反应的几个问题

讨论了氯化苯生产中催化剂三氯化铁加入量、氯化器规格结构、苯和氯气的含水量及氯化尾气系统对苯氯化过程的影响,分析了黑料形成原因,并提出了预防措施。     

高温氯化原因及对策

高温氯化原因及对策在氯化苯正常生产时，常因氯化器断苯使生产出现事故，现将其原因及采取时策分析如下：１反应器内断苯原因（１）由于氯气压力突然增大，氯化反应器内压力升高，当其压力大于苯高位槽液差时，苯加不进去，造成反应器内断苯。（２）由于苯泵坏，造成反应...     

氯化苯生产中氯化尾气的组成和爆炸的主要原因及预防

氯化苯生产中氯化尾气的组成和爆炸的主要原因及预防刘根夫（浙江菱化集团公司电化厂３１３０１８）１前言氯化苯由氯气与苯在塔式氯化器中进行连续氯化反应制得，生产氯化苯的同时产生氯化氢气体和氯气带入的杂质气体等，这一混合气体统称为氯化尾气，氯化尾气经冷凝和喷...     

氯苯生产中氯化尾气除苯技术的改进

简要介绍了氯苯生产中氯化尾气除苯技术的改进情况以及改进后的效果,并特别指出在尾气处理工艺中,增设苯雾捕集器是脱除苯雾的关键     

夏季高温天气对氯化液发黑的影响

多年来在氯苯生产中,氯化液“黑料”或苯“炭化”问题,一直困扰着生产厂家。在正常开车情况下,有时反应温度在80℃左右就莫名其妙地发生了黑料。     

氯苯生产中氯化尾气除苯技术的改进

简单介绍了氯苯生产中氯化尾气除苯技术的改进情况及改进后的效果。特别指出在尾气处理工艺中增设苯雾捕集器是脱除苯雾的关键。     

钛材在氯化苯生产中的应用

通过在氯化苯生产系统的不同位置放置钛材试片,探讨钛材在氯化苯生产系统中的耐腐蚀性能,实验结果表明,钛材在该系统中的部分位置耐腐蚀效果很好,而在氯、盐酸、次氯酸、苯共同存在的环境中,耐腐蚀性能较差.在氯化器测温系统,用钛保护套管代替不锈钢外用环氧呋喃玻璃钢防腐套管效果好.     

氯化苯尾气爆炸原因分析及安全对策措施

从氯化苯生产工艺特点入手，分析了氯化苯生产尾气中不可避免地存在爆炸性混合气体的现状，应用FTA事故树对引起尾气爆炸的可能原因进行定性分析，根据掌握的资料信息，分析论证了有争议的氯化苯尾气爆炸事故，探讨了氯化苯本质安全生产条件，提出了防止氯化苯尾气爆炸的安全对策。     

苯氯化三相催化精馏工艺技术研究

针对苯氯化生产氯化苯气液连串反应体系 ,提出采用三相催化精馏技术 ,通过分别改变苯的回流量和氯气通入量 ,考察了这些因素对催化精馏过程的影响。实验结果表明 :采用催化精馏技术是完全可行的。在适宜的操作条件下 ,到达反应终点 (间歇操作 )时塔釜氯化产物中苯的含量可低于 1% (质量 ) ,同时氯化苯的含量可达到 96 % (质量 )     

由氯中水含量超标谈氯气干燥运行

分析氯中水含量超标的原因,探讨氯气干燥各工序的注意事项,并提出预防措施.     

UV enhanced gas-solid synthesis of chlorinated poly vinyl chloride characterized by a UV-Vis online analysis method☆

Dynamic characteristics of UV enhanced gas–solid PVC chlorination process were revealed by a UV–Vis spectral online analysis method. Experimental results showed an instantaneous increase of the chlorination rate as soon as UV lightwas affiliated, which demonstrated the intensified effect of UV radiation on PVC chlorination directly. Different affiliationmethods of UV light were then studied, proving that continuous UV radiation could enhance the chlorination process significantly while intermittent UV radiation was able to initiate the chlorination reaction once it was conducted. Besides, experiments were carried out to study the influences of parameters on the chlorination process such as UV wavelength, chlorination temperature, partial pressure of chlorine gas and PVC raw materials. Among all the parameters, chlorination temperature and partial pressure of chlorine gas were testified as two key factors to determine the chlorination performance. Thermal analysis of CPVC products showed that their corresponding properties such as the glass transition temperature (T_g) and the homogeneity of chlorine distribution in polymer phase were improved with the increase of chlorine content.     

The preparation and analysis of chlorinated ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer as coating film in gas‐solid phase

In this article, the feasibility of preparing chlorinated ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (CEVA) in gas–solid phase is investigated. Furthermore, the structure of the chlorination product and its performance as a coating material are also analyzed. Both the molecular structure and crystallinity of the product are well studied with various characterization methods, including ¹H‐NMR, Fourier transform infrared, gel permeation chromatography, differential scanning calorimeter, and so forth. The results show that the chlorination of EVA in gas–solid phase is feasible and the chlorine content of CEVA can be made over 60%. It is also found that when the chlorine content is low, chlorination can easily occur in ethylene section but rarely happens in vinyl acetate section. Nevertheless, when the chlorine content of CEVA rises over 35%, ? CH in the vinyl acetate section is also found chlorinated. The removal of hydrogen chloride is induced during chlorination, producing double bonds in the main chain. Besides, the trace of ? CCl₂ structure can also be found in the chain of CEVA. After chlorination, the crystallization will change and is negatively correlated with chlorine content. As the film forming material for coating, CEVA has its best performance with 50% chlorine content. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 41093.     

三氯化磷生产工艺的优化

对三氯化磷生产工艺进行了改进：在不停车的情况下,依据黄磷与氯气反应和黄磷与五氯化磷反应时温度与压力的不同变化判断氯化釜内的底磷量;液氯汽化设备由用热水加热的汽化罐改为用蒸汽加热的套管式汽化器;精馏塔中的列管式换热器改为布液器,夹套式冷却器改为喷淋式冷凝器;压磷泵投磷改为水压式投磷等。进行这些工艺优化后,三氯化磷的生产能力由250t／月提高到350t／月以上,产品质量等级由合格品提升到优等品,设备的使用寿命延长,液氯汽化速度加快,换热效率提高,消除了三氯化氮富集爆炸的隐患,提高了生产系统的安全系数,改善了生产环境,节约了动力电和维修费。     

Selective Chlorination of Side-chains in Friedel-Crafts Polymers

Aralkyl polymers with ethyl side-chains were prepared by Friedel-Crafts reactions. Ethylbenzene and bis(p-chloromethyl)benzene (BCMB) were reacted together in the presence of stannic chloride to produce polymers of various molecular weights. A study was then carried out of the chlorination of these polymers, using (a) molecular chlorine, (b) molecular chlorine with a peroxide catalyst and phosphorus pentachloride, (c) sulphuryl chloride. The objective was to determine the best conditions for chlorination to occur selectively at the α-carbon atom of the ethyl group, with minimal chlorination at either the β-position or the main-chain methylene groups. Analysis of ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of the chlorinated polymers suggests that in most cases chlorination occurs extensively both in the side-chain and in the main-chain methylene groups. Conditions were found, however, which favour chlorination at the α-position. The greatest selectivity was achieved when molecular chlorine, a peroxide catalyst and phosphorus pentachloride were used in benzene solvent.     

带侧反应器反应精馏塔的苯氯化与氯苯精馏过程模拟研究

引入独立反应量概念建立了多侧线进料的带侧反应器的反应精馏塔平衡级模型,并运用Newton-Raphson法解该模型的MESH方程. 将该方法应用于苯氯化反应精馏过程模拟,模型具有很好的收敛效果. 在给定的模拟条件下,Cl2进料量为8 kmol/h时,产品氯化苯纯度达96.8%,最佳苯进料量为7.77 kmol/h. 模拟结果可用于指导苯氯化生产.     

固相法氯化聚乙烯脱HCl热稳定性研究

本文采用固相氯化法制备了各种氯含量的氯化聚乙烯（ＣＰＥ）并用氯化氢吸收法系统考察了氯化条件、氯含量对固相法ＣＰＥ热稳定性的影响。结果表明氯化温度对ＣＰＥ的热稳定性有较大影响，高温氯化可以提高ＣＰＥ的热稳定性。在一定范围内随氯含量增加，ＣＰＥ热稳定性也相应增大。对ＣＰＥ脱除ＨＣｌ前后红外光谱及凝胶含量变化的研究表明ＣＰＥ热分解过程伴有交联结构形成。     

氯含水超标问题的解决办法

介绍陕西金泰氯碱化工有限公司烧碱分厂氯气处理工艺。分析氯含水超标原因,认为是泡罩塔内出现故障,导致硫酸与氯气接触不充分。提出用颗粒稍大的无水高氯酸镁代替五氧化二磷分析氯中含水量,减少分析误差。检修泡罩塔内两层问题严重的塔板并用CPVC专用胶封堵,处理后氯中含水量有所下降。指出彻底解决氯含水高的办法是对泡罩塔进行全面处理。