Effects of Optical Buffering on the Performance of Manhattan Street Networks

Multihop networks are strong candidates for the implementation of high-speed networks, ranging from back-plane networks for cluster computing to metropolitan-area networks. Besides using deflection routing for contention resolution, optical buffering may be used to enhance the performance of optical multihop networks and to reduce or even eliminate the need for optical-electrical conversions. The enhancements obtained by augmenting traditional MSN (Manhattan Street Networks) with optical buffering are evaluated. The MSN considered here is based on a novel 6 × 6 optical switching node with up to two fiber delay loops. Impact of the parameters associated with optical buttering, such as the number of delay loops and the loop length, are discussed in detail.     

Performance Evaluation of an All-Optical ShuffleNet using Optical Buffering and Deflection Routing

All-optical multihop networks, where the data portion of a packet is maintained in an optically encoded format from the source to the destination, can be achieved by augmenting optical switching nodes with optical buffering. Topologically, the ShuffleNet network is a strong contender for implementing such networks ranging from cluster networks to metropolitan area networks. The performance of a regular multihop network whose nodes are augmented with optical buffering and use deflection routing is evaluated. Using the ShuffleNet network as an example, we show that performance, in terms of throughput, average delay, and loss probability, can be improved as multiple fiber delay loops are added for a large range of network parameters. We then compare the performance of ShuffleNet with the Manhattan Street networks with similar features.     

Routing Strategies to Minimize Packet Loss in an Optical Packet Switched Network with Recirculating FDL Buffers

The major goal of optical packet switching (OPS) is to match switching technology to the huge capacities provided by (D)WDM. We study optical packet switches with recirculating fiber delay line (FDL) buffers. Through simulation, we have assessed the logical performance of a single optical packet router (OPR), focusing on packet loss rate (PLR). By verifying that our scheduling algorithm does not alter the traffic profile characteristics from in- to output, we illustrate how the single node results can be used to assess network-wide performance. We use the capability of assessing end-to-end PLRs to develop network-wide routing algorithms designed to minimize the maximal PLR occurring in the network. In case studies on pan-European networks, we first compare two algorithm variants and thereafter we compare the PLR-based routing algorithm with both load balancing and shortest path routing. While load balancing achieves PLRs that are multiple orders of magnitude lower than shortest path routing, the PLR-based algorithm can reach PLRs up to two orders of magnitude better. The improvement in PLR comes at the price of only a small increase in used bandwidth (a few percent). Subsequently we show that the discussed PLR-based routing algorithm can be easily extended to multiple priorities. By introducing multiple priorities we can keep the loss rates for high priority traffic very low. However, it may lead to an increase of the obtained minimal max-PLR value for low priority traffic. But as we prove this increase to be limited, the cost of introducing multiple priorities is small.     

光分组交换网络中的竞争解决策略

在光分组交换网络中,如果同一时刻有两个以上的分组要以同一波长从同一输出端口离开光交换机就会产生竞争,如何解决光分组竞争将会对光分组交换网络的性能产生巨大影响.通常,解决光分组竞争的方法有光缓存、波长变换和偏射路由等三种.文章详细阐述了这三种竞争解决方法的原理、实现方式及特点.     

采用偏射路由算法的全光分组网络的性能分析

本文提出采用统一的马尔可夫链方法分析存储转发路由和偏射路由算法的网络，并在具体计算偏射概率时，采用了递推的算法。着重分析了偏射路由算法在无存储器、有单个存储器及有两个存储器的情况下，ＭａｎｈａｔｔａｎＳｔｒｅｅｔＮｅｔｗｏｒｋ和ＳｈｕｆｌｅＮｅｔ网络的性能，包括网络吞吐量、数据包的平均跳转次数和数据包跳转次数的概率分布，并对ＭａｎｈａｔａｎＳｔｒｅｅｔＮｅｔｗｏｒｋ和Ｓｈｕｆ－ｆｌｅＮｅｔ两种网络进行了简单的比较。     

ASON体系结构的研究

介绍了自动交换光网络的层次结构和广义多协议标记交换协议,讨论了自动光交换网络中的关键技术及实现方法。     

OBS节点的偏射路由研究

研究了光突发交换（optical bursts witching，OBS）网络中的一种竞争解决策略——偏射路由并且提出了有波长变换和无波长变换的单个OBS节点的突发丢失分析的近似模型和精确模型。     

OBS节点的偏射路由研究

研究了光突发交换(optical burst switching,OBS)网络中的一种竞争解决策略——偏射路(?) 并且提出了有波长变换和无波长变换的单个OBS节点的突发丢失分析的近似模型和精确模型。     

核心网中的光分组交换

光分组交换（OPS）是光交换技术的长远发展目标，其研究工作在上世纪90年代取得了很大进步。本文主要介绍OPS的一些基本概念和相关使能技术的进展情况，最后对OPS的前景做一些分析。     

自动交换光网络的体系结构

自动交换光网络的出现是传送网概念的重大历史性突破，本文首先阐述这种新传送体制的基本概念和发展，然后介绍其控制面的功能要求，信令及相关接口，选路和信令网，控制面结构，网络性能要求等总体问题的规范和考虑，最后论述IP层与光传送层的融合以及两种基本网络演进结构的特点。     

野战分组交换网的性能分析

本文提出了一种评价野战分组交换性能的分析方法，其基本原理是根据网络的拓扑结构和每个节点产生的业务量计算出每个节点的总业务量以及每条链路上的业务流量，然后依据排队理论计算野战分组交换网的性能，本文对一种规划的栅格状网络进行了理论分析，并分别针对两种路由准则，采用递归方法推导出了评价网络性能的计算公式。     

光突发交换技术

介绍了一种很有发展潜力的新交换模式－－光突发交换。对其基本概念、交换原理、网络结构、节点结构进行了简明的阐述,通过与另外两种典型交换模式－波长路由与光分组交换的比较,总结了光突发交换的优势,并指出了光突发交换尚待解决的问题。     

任意拓扑野战分组交换网的性能分析

本文提出了一种用于快速计算野战分组交换网性能的方法。这种具有一般性的方法，适用于任意拓扑的野战分组交换网络，克服了只能计算某种规则网络性能的方法的局限性，大量的计算机仿真结果证实了这种分析方法的可行性和有效性。     

Flow Routing and its Performance Analysis in Optical IP Networks

Optical packet-switching networks deploying buffering, wavelength conversion and multi-path routing have been extensively studied in recent years to provide high capacity transport for Internet traffic. However due to packet-based routing and switching, such a network could result in significant disorder and delay variation of packets when they are received by end users, thus increasing the burstiness of the Internet traffic and causing higher-layer protocol to malfunction. This paper addresses a novel routing and switching method for optical IP networks — flow routing, and its facilitating protocol. Flow routing deals with packet-flows to reduce flow corruption due to packet out-of-order, delay variation and packet loss, without using complicate control mechanism. Detailed performance analysis is given for output-buffered optical routers adopting flow routing. Two flow-oriented discarding techniques, i.e., flow discard (FD) and early flow discard (EFD), are discussed. Compared with optical packet-switching routers, a remarkable improvement of good-throughput is obtained in the optical flow-routers, especially under high congestion periods. We conclude that EFD behaves as a robust technique, which is more tolerant than FD to the change of traffic and transmission system factors.     

一种新型的输出缓存式光分组交换节点性能分析

光缓存和波长变换是解决光分组竞争的有效方法.提出一种称为FCOB的新型光分组交换节点结构,它使用固定波长变换器和输出式光缓存来解决光分组的竞争.针对FCOB交换结构,还提出一种有效的竞争控制算法.最后,使用仿真实验对FCOB的性能进行了评估.仿真结果表明,虽然使用的是固定波长变换器,但FCOB交换结构仍具有良好的性能.     

光突发交换网关键技术及发展

本主要介绍了光突发交换网的关键技术，并在同光波长交换网络和光分组交换网络相比较的基础上，对光突发交换的发展前景做了乐观的估计。     

光分组网节点结构研究的现状与演化趋势

介绍了光分组网和光分组交换技术,从技术角度分析了光分组交换方式的优点,比较并评价了具有代表性的几类光分组交换节点结构,展望了光分组交换的前景及光网络节点结构的演化趋势。     

规则全光分组网络中偏射路由算法的分析

就在ShuffleNet和Manhattan Street Network两种规则网络中使用偏射路由算法后的网络性能以及允许一个时隙插入多个数据包对该算法的影响进行了分析。结果说明，偏射路由算法不仅能使网络得到较高的性能，而且发挥了网状网具有迂回路由的能力。当采用允许插入多个数据包的策略时，网络的吞吐量和平均跳转次数都有小幅度的增加。     

自动交换光网络技术及发展

本从通信业务发展的实际需要出发，描述了自动交换光网络(AS0N)的特点、功能及组成，并对AS0N的接口、控制协议、生存技术及演进步骤等方面进行了深入的阐述。     

An Optical Packet Addressing Scheme for Optical Packet Switched Networks Using RF Frequency Carrier Assignment

We propose an efficient optical packet addressing technique for optical packet-switched networks, where the pre-assigned RF frequency carriers are used to represent the packet addresses. It can simplify the control process of optical packet switching so that it results in reduced address processing time and smaller complexity of the packet address processor due to simple extraction of address information. We also analyze the performance of the proposed packet addressing scheme in the transmission aspect taking into account packet address wavelength beating and laser nonlinearity.