中国锰矿供需现状及可持续发展建议

锰铁矿石是锰、铁选冶的重要原料,由于类质同象及微细粒嵌布等因素影响,锰与铁难以实现高效分离并综合利用. 针对高铁低锰矿石制定了氢基矿相转化–磁选工艺流程,并考察了焙烧温度、焙烧时间、还原气体体积分数及总气量对锰铁分离及二价锰转化率效果的影响. 结果表明,在焙烧温度660 ℃、CO与H₂体积比1∶3、焙烧时间30 min、还原气体体积分数60%、总气量500 mL·min^–1、磁场强度8.51×10⁴ A·m^–1的条件下,可获得铁品位55.24%、回收率91.07%的铁精矿及全锰品位34.80%、回收率77.11%、二价锰转化率88.79%的锰精矿. 化学成分分析、X射线衍射(XRD)分析、扫描电子显微镜-能谱分析（SEM-EDS）均表明锰矿物与铁矿物实现了有效的分离,原矿中的主要金属矿物褐铁矿、软锰矿转化为磁铁矿、金属铁和方锰矿,二氧化硅等脉石矿物主要富集在锰精矿中. 研究表明,通过控制氢基矿相转化工艺条件,锰精矿中二价锰含量显著提高,铁矿物和锰矿物可实现高效分离,且实现了原矿石全组分利用及无尾选矿的目的. 氢基矿相转化技术为高铁低锰矿石的清洁高效利用提供了新方法,有望实现铁锰矿物高温还原过程的异步转化和同步分离,达到“源头减量、高效转化、精准回收”的目标,实现良好的经济效益和社会效益.     

留矿法和下向分层法在云南斗南锰矿区的运用

云南斗南锰矿针对北翼倾角在40（°）-70（°）之间,以F13断层为界的西边薄矿体尝试并段采矿,即北翼8中段巷道开拓到F13断层即开始单翼退采,F13断层西边矿体从北翼9中段采出,这样9中段F13断层西边采高为54m,可节省370m开拓巷道工程费。不同的采矿方法在该段中段使用,达到优势互补的良好效果。     

从某废渣中回收锰的探索性试验研究

某钢铁厂废渣中含锰品位为7.61%,经岩矿鉴定分析其中可回收锰主要以锰铁合金形式存在。通过探索试验,采用磁选—重选联合流程可得锰精矿锰品位为56.79%,锰回收率为53.1%,选别指标较好。     

某难选锰矿选矿工艺试验研究

本文针对陕西某低品位难选碳酸锰矿开展选矿工艺试验研究,并分别进行了两种不同品位矿样的选矿试验。结果表明,对于品位8.87%的低品位贫矿,采用磁选可获得锰品位14.35%,回收率89.59%的锰精矿;对于锰品位10.68%的混合样,磁选可获得品位16.02%,回收率88.61%的锰精矿,选别指标较好。     

江西某铁矿回收铁的试验研究

对于磁铁矿和赤铁矿混合型石英脉铁矿,磁浮工艺是成熟的.针对该矿嵌布粒度细,品位低的特点,利用粗精矿磨矿提高磁铁矿精矿品位和浮选入选品位,在原矿铁品位22％情况下,试验获得弱磁铁精矿品位大于65％,反浮选铁精矿品位大于58％,综合铁回收率大于50％.     

Improved manganese extraction in the production of manganese ferroalloys

In the production of manganese ferroalloys from ore, about 50% of the manganese in the ore is lost. The manganese lost with the enrichment-slag tailings may be returned to the production of manganese ferroalloys by dithionate method of enrichment of the slurries. A technology is developed for the production of high-carbon ferromanganese from concentrate obtained by the chemical enrichment of tailings slurries. Low-phosphorus Mn slag is used in the production of ferrosilicomanganese and refined manganese ferroalloys. A method is described for alloying hot metal with manganese from slag during the production of lowand medium-carbon ferromanganese. Processes are developed for the production of medium-carbon ferromanganese by mixing ore–limestone melt with high-carbon ferromanganese and removing the phosphorus from Mn-bearing melts by bubbling with CO. The degree of phosphorus removal (70–90%) depends on the bubbling time. By means of improved production of manganese ferroalloys and extraction of manganese from slag and slurries, the manganese extraction may be significantly increased.     

铁锰矿和贫锰矿的合理利用

本文通过生产实践得出,含 Mn18—28％,(Mn Fe)38—48％的铁锰矿都可在高炉中生产富锰渣。利用高磷高铁的铁锰矿和低磷高硅贫锰矿进行配矿入炉,采用自然碱度酸性渣操作,控制渣中SiO_2含量在24—30％,可以炼出低磷低铁优质富锰渣。     

云南某细粒嵌布磁铁矿可选性研究

对云南省某磁铁矿做工艺矿物学研究,查明该矿石全铁含量为12．35％,主要磁性矿物为磁铁矿和钛铁矿。针对该磁铁矿性质,制定了一段磨矿-阶段磁选-重选流程方案。通过一次弱磁选,得到品位为60．42％,回收率为34．69％的铁精矿。试验研究结果表明：在现有选矿经济技术条件下,铁的回收率较低,要获得商业开发利用价值非常困难。     

某低品位银锰矿选矿工艺研究

为提高入选冶金锰的品位和保证较高的回收率，进行选矿预富集是必要的。采用集合体选矿，通过分级粗细级别分别进行强磁选，可以得到较好的选别指标。最终指标为精矿锰品位32．56％，银品位248．8g／t，锰回收率93．01％，银回收率74．65％。     

广西某地氧化锰矿的选矿试验研究

试验研究从工艺矿物学入手,针对广西某氧化锰矿石锰矿物嵌布粒度粗细不均的特点,制定较为合理的分级—磁选流程,取得了较为满意的指标,获得放电锰精矿锰品位44.47%、MnO2品位66.23%、铁品位3.06%、锰回收率60.45%。     

Production of high carbon ferromanganese using manganese rich slag in the charge

The possibility of replacement of the high cost sinter manganese ore by manganese rich slag for the production of high carbon ferromanganese was experimentally demonstrated. The experimental heats were designed and carried out to optimize this replacement through the adjustment of different production parameters. The results of pilot plant experimental heats showed that replacement of 50% of the sinter in the blend (or 25% of the blend) by slag containing 32% Mn and operation under slag basicity 0.9 and low (MgO)/(CaO) ratio of about 0.2-0.3 are the optimum conditions to attain the highest manganese content in the produced ferromanganese, the highest manganese recovery and the highest metallic yield. The industrial application of reusing manganese slag clarified the economic efficiency of charging manganese slag up to 20-25% of the blend in reducing the production cost due to reducing the cost of manganese ores. Charging of 20-25% manganese slag reduces the cost of manganese ores and the total production cost by about 13 and 6% respectively, comparing with the conventional technology (without using manganese slag in the blend).     

Upgrading of Low-Grade Manganese Ore by Selective Reduction of Iron Oxide and Magnetic Separation

The utilization of low-grade manganese ores has become necessary due to the intensive mining of high-grade ores for a long time. In this study, calcined ferruginous low-grade manganese ore was selectively reduced by CO, which converted hematite to magnetite, while manganese oxide was reduced to MnO. The iron-rich component was then separated by magnetic separation. The effects of the various reduction parameters such as particle size, reduction time, temperature, and CO content on the efficiency of magnetic separation were studied by single-factor experiments and by a comprehensive full factorial experiment. Under the best experimental conditions tested, the manganese content in the ore increased from around 36?wt?pct to more than 44?wt?pct, and almost 50?wt?pct of iron was removed at a Mn loss of around 5?pct. The results of the full factorial experiments allowed the identification of the significant effects and yielded regression equations for pct Fe removed, Mn/Fe, and pct Mn loss that characterize the efficiency of the upgrading process.     

微细粒贫锰矿选矿回收工艺研究

采用磁选、浮选工艺流程对连城锰矿微细粒锰矿泥进行了选矿回收工艺研究。试验结果表明:含锰6.83%的微细粒锰矿泥采用单一磁选选别获得了精矿锰品位22.49%,锰回收率64.12%的选别指标。采用磁选-浮选工艺选别,获得了精矿锰品位40.15%,锰回收率43.14%的选别指标。     

Characterization and Reduction Roasting Studies of an Iron Rich Manganese Ore

The article presents the reduction roasting followed by low intensity magnetic separation studies of a low grade Mn ore assaying 27.7% Mn and 26.1% Fe in order to obtain a Mn rich non-magnetic concentrate. The reflected light microscopic studies followed by the liberation studies of the as-received sample using quantitative mineralogical evaluation by scanning electron microscope suggested a poor liberation pattern of the constituent Mn and Fe minerals owing to a complex association of the different phases present. The reduction roasting studies carried out while varying different process parameters such as ore particle size, temperature, reductant content and residence time ended up with products containing 45–48% Mn with a Mn/Fe ratio of 5–6 at a yield of ~ 60% with the optimum level of conditions such as temperature: 800–850 °C, time: 90–120 min and charcoal: 10–12%. The scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy studies of the roasted product reported manganite as the major Mn bearing phase while magnetite was found to be the major iron bearing phase.     

新疆某铅锌铁矿选矿工艺流程研究

某复杂铅锌铁矿,锌铁嵌布粒度不均匀,分离难度较大.依据矿物特性,采用优先浮选回收铅、锌-浮锌尾矿先磁后浮回收铁的工艺流程,在原矿含Pb1.94%、Zn 2.24%、TFe 21.90%的情况下,获得了含铅57.93%,锌5.13%,铅回收率90.93%的铅精矿;含锌49.97%,含铅1.54%的锌精矿,锌回收率83.9...     

‘Waste recovery in ironmaking and steelmaking processes’ 13 and 14 December 2010

Abstract

In order to develop and utilise cheap iron ores with low quality for cost reduction, a hematite ore from Xinjiang province was investigated to determine the iron increase and silicon reduction using ore dressing process experiments. Results showed that iron concentrate with 61%Fe and iron recovery of 66% were achieved through the process flowsheet of grinding, high intensity magnetic separation, regrinding of coarse concentrate, clean concentration by high intensity magnetic separation, roughing reverse floatation and cleaning reverse floatation of the high intensity concentrate, with the tailings from this latter stage fed back into the roughing reverse floatation stage.     

某钨选厂粗精矿分选试验研究

某钨选厂粗精矿采用分级粗粒枱浮硫化矿、细粒浮选硫化矿,浮选尾矿采用磁选优先选出一部分黑钨单体,分选尾矿磨至目的矿物单体解离后,先浮选硫化矿,再浮选白钨,重选分离锡石,所有硫化矿集中进行铜硫分离的工艺对粗精矿中的目的矿物进行分选。通过该工艺流程有效地分离了粗精矿中的钨、锡、铜、硫。获得钨精矿WO3品位≥60%,回收率≥88%,铜精矿Cu品位≥24%、回收率≥90%,锡精矿Sn品位≥45%、回收率≥70%。     

Optimum condition for smelting high carbon ferromanganese

Abstract

In the present study, pilot plant experimental heats were designed and carried out to determine the optimum condition for smelting high carbon ferromanganese through investigating some parameters affecting the smelting process including Mn/Fe ratio of the blend, coke ratio, slag basicity and dolomite/limestone ratio of the flux. The results of pilot plant experimental heats showed that using Mn blend with high Mn/Fe ratio decreases the consumption of charging materials: Mn ores, coke and fluxing materials (limestone and dolomite). This means that lower amounts of Mn ores, coke and flux materials can be used for attaining the same output alloy weight by increasing the Mn/Fe ratio of the blend. Furthermore, the produced slag decreases as Mn/Fe ratio of the blend increases. The higher Mn/Fe ratio of the blend does not only reduce the input materials and the produced slag, but also improves the produced alloy quality by increasing the Mn percent and Mn/Fe ratio of the produced high carbon ferromanganese. For obtaining standard HCFeMn alloy containing minimum 75%Mn, it is necessary to use Mn blend with the Mn/Fe ratio of higher than 6·2. The added coke must be adjusted according to the material balance and stoichiometric to prevent the over-coke and minimise the highly endothermic ‘Boudouard reaction’ to attain the highest Mn recovery and metallic yield. Furthermore, the slag basicity should be optimised with flux addition to attain the highest Mn recovery and metallic yield. The optimum slag basicity for attaining the highest manganese recovery and metallic yield depends on the used formula. The slag basicity can be determined from the chemical composition of raw material mixture with taking into consideration that about 2% of silicon in the raw material mixture will be reduced and goes into metal phase. Much higher slag basicity is not recommended as this practice produces viscous slag accompanied with lower Mn recovery and metallic yield. The results also revealed the negative effect of increasing MgO/CaO ratio of slag on manganese recovery and metallic yield. The MgO/CaO ratio in the slag decreases by decreasing the dolomite/limestone ratio in the flux.     

由软锰矿,闪锌矿,铁屑直接制取锰锌铁氧体软磁材料新工艺研究

本文结合磁性材料工艺和锰矿技术特点，创造性地提出由软锰矿、闪锌矿制备锰锌铁氧体材料，克服了锰矿、闪锌矿处理过程的Ｍｎ－Ｚｎ、Ｍｎ－Ｆｅ、Ｚｎ－Ｆｅ分离难题，大大降低了磁性材料生产成本，由于磁性材料产品附加值高，从而为我国丰富的贫锰矿利用找到了一条有效的途径     

Beneficiation of High-alumina Bearing Iron-ore Slime: A Case Study From Eastern India

A typical high-alumina containing iron ore slime from the eastern Indian sector containing 58.13% Fe, 6.48% SiO₂, 4.9% Al₂O₃, and 5.35% LOI, have been evaluated to find out whether grinding of the slimes will be beneficial or not for upgrading the slime to generate pellet-grade concentrate with >64% Fe. Liberation studies indicated that there is significant interlocking between the minerals above 0.074 mm and hence grinding was adopted to liberate the minerals. It is found that by one-stage grinding, followed by hydrocycloning and magnetic separation by wet high intensity magnetic separator (WHIMS) can produce desired concentrate with >64% Fe with an yield over 60%.