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刘子豪;刘彤;温欣;李懿;王蓓琪 《核动力工程》2025,46(2):272-281
在压水堆核电厂中,乏燃料组件的衰变热是堆芯余热的主要来源,准确预测衰变热对于反应堆冷却系统的设计和安全分析至关重要,但传统核素衰变模拟程序计算成本高,而机器学习模型由于数据不足可能存在过拟合问题。本文基于高斯过程回归(GPR)和支持向量回归(SVR)方法建立了协同训练的基础模型,生成了高质量的乏燃料衰变热虚拟数据,并与核电厂实测数据组成了混合数据集,采用混合数据集训练极限学习机(ELM)模型,对乏燃料衰变热进行了预测。结果表明,与常规的机器学习模型相比,协同训练显著提升了衰变热预测的稳定性和准确性。经过混合数据集训练后,ELM模型的预测稳定性提高了39.9%,衰变热预测结果的均方根误差(RMSE)比传统核素衰变模拟程序低25.7%。本研究提出的方法可为解决核工程领域存在的小数据集问题提供新思路。 相似文献
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在核数据评价和测量中,经常遇到同一物理量观测值的处理。当这些数据在统计学上一致时,很容易用统计方法处理,但存在系统误差时,处理就很困难。本文提出了一个普遍适用的方法。根据这个方法,由给出的系统误差的协方差矩阵,可计算平均值和它的误差。加权平均值、算术平均值、内误差、外误差和算术平均误差只是这个方法的特殊情况。给出的实例表明,这个方法是合理的。 相似文献
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《Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology》2013,50(4):612-619
It is widely accepted that the current status of neutronics calculations for fast reactor design is such that the present uncertainties on nuclear data should still be significantly reduced, in order to get the full benefit from advances in modeling and simulation. Only a parallel effort in advanced simulation, high-accuracy validation experiments, and nuclear data improvement will provide designers with more general and wellvalidated calculation tools to meet tight design target accuracies to further improve safety and economics. The present paper presents very recent results related to nuclear data uncertainty impact assessment and target accuracy requirements for advanced reactor systems. 相似文献
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唐靖宇 安琪 白怀勇 鲍杰 曹平 陈琪萍 陈永浩 程品晶 崔增琪 樊瑞睿 封常青 顾旻皓 郭凤琴 韩长材 韩子杰 贺国珠 何泳成 何越峰 黄翰雄 黄蔚玲等 《原子能科学技术》2019,53(10):2012-2022
基于中国散裂中子源(CSNS)建设的我国第一台高性能白光中子源--反角白光中子源(Back-n)是国际上综合性能最好的白光中子源之一,能区范围覆盖meV~百MeV,飞行时间测量分辨率可在全能区达到1%以内,中子注量率国际领先。自2018年3月建成以来,Back-n已开展了一系列的核数据测量实验、探测器标定实验、中子辐射效应实验和中子照相研究,科研产出效率非常高,实验数据质量达到了研究要求,为我国多领域的科学研究和应用研究提供了一个强大的平台。本文对该白光中子源的性能特点、已投入运行和规划中的核数据测量实验谱仪进行了综述,并指出了主要应用方向。 相似文献
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ABSTRACTBy introducing a new assumption of linear estimation, we derive a new formulation of the extended cross-section adjustment (EA) method, which minimizes the variance of the design target core parameters. The new formulation is derived on the basis of minimum variance unbiased estimation with no use of the assumption of normal distribution. In this formulation, we found that EA has infinitely many solutions as the adjusted cross-section set. The new formulation of EA can represent all the possible solutions minimizing the variance of the design target core parameters and includes a special case identical to the classical Bayesian EA method, which was derived on the basis of the Bayes theorem under the assumption of normal distribution. Moreover, we prove that the special case minimizes not only the variance of the design target core parameters but also the variance of the nuclear data. Meanwhile, we show that the new assumption of linear estimation is consistent with the Kalman filter and demonstrate that we can formulate similarly the extended bias factor method, the conventional cross-section adjustment method, and the regressive cross-section adjustment method with no use of the assumption of normal distribution. 相似文献
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为研究有效增殖因数(keff)对核反应数据的灵敏度,以科学量化核数据导致keff计算的不确定度,编制了输运计算积分量灵敏度及不确定度分析程序SURE。该程序采用多群SN输运计算方法计算keff、角通量和伴随角通量,基于微扰理论确定keff对核数据的灵敏度,利用协方差数据量化评估keff计算的不确定度。利用ENDF/B-Ⅶ.1评价中子核数据库,制作了输运计算所需的多群核数据、灵敏度分析所需的各反应道多群截面和中子群转移矩阵、不确定度分析所需的多群协方差数据。采用上述数据,利用SURE分析了基准模型Godiva和Jezebel的keff计算值对核数据的灵敏度,以及核数据导致的模拟计算的不确定度。SURE的灵敏度计算结果与MCNP程序及FORSS程序计算结果符合较好。 相似文献
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为提高核事故早期辐射场剂量率评估的准确性和可靠度,提出一种基于数据同化理论的评价方法。根据数据同化理论,定义辐射场状态空间,建立了适合辐射场剂量率预测模型的状态转移和误差协方差矩阵。利用同化算法,综合考虑核事故辐射场剂量率预测模型与实测数据,实现辐射场剂量率的最优化表达。在Matlab软件平台上,运用数值模拟实验和福岛实测数据,对该方法进行了双重验证。实验结果表明,数值模拟实验条件下,当放射性物质空气释放率高估1个数量级时,同化后,辐射场剂量率相对均方根误差从1个数量级降低至50%左右。利用福岛核事故监测数据对同化系统进行验证,同化后的结果与实际测量结果相近,相对均方根误差在20%左右。以上结果表明,通过合理运用数据同化方法,可有效减小辐射场剂量率预测的不确定度。 相似文献
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WU Haicheng 《原子能科学技术》1959,54(11):1985-1991
Nuclear data covariances are important input data for quantificational assessment of nuclear facility design uncertainty and nuclear data adjustment (NDA), which give direct impact on estimated uncertainties and results of NDA. To test the rationality of the newly evaluated nuclear reaction cross sections covariance in smooth region for235U which is generated based on the analysis of source of experiments uncertainties and linear least-square method, the data were tested with the NDA benchmark exercises recommended by the OECD/NEA WPEC/SG33. The input data of the NDA generated from JENDL-4.0 library were updated with the cross sections and covariances of 235U fission, capture and inelastic scattering reactions from235U cov, and used in NDA calculation. The new results were compared with the original JENDL-4.0 ones. The test results show that the covariance data from235U cov are unreasonable. Too large uncertainties around threshold energy of inelastic scattering reaction were found. The uncertainties of fission and capture cross sections in smooth region are too small to be supported by NDA results. 相似文献
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球床高温气冷堆由于采用流动球床堆芯和燃料多次通过的运行方式,不能直接套用轻水堆中一般采用的“系统分解,逐级传递”的分析思路,其不确定性的传播和分析具有特殊性。清华大学核能与新能源技术研究院基于高温气冷堆的设计分析经验,开展了高温堆的不确定性研究,并取得了一些进展。目前高温气冷堆已建立起完整的不确定性分析计算框架。在此框架内,基于VSOP程序,开发能反映球床高温气冷堆实际运行特点的不确定性分析程序VSOP-UAM,实现了核数据不确定性隐式效应和显式效应的完整分析。然后使用SCALE/TSUNAMI-3D和VSOP-UAM程序,建立燃料球、堆芯单元、初装堆芯和平衡堆芯的分析模型,量化了核数据的不确定性对各种模型关键参数的影响。此外,还量化了球流混流效应、燃料富集度、燃料孔隙率这些球床堆芯参数的不确定性对堆芯有效增殖因数keff和功率分布的影响。从计算结果可看出,高温气冷堆的不确定性分析显示出了有别于传统轻水堆的结果。 相似文献
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V.M. Grichine 《Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section B, Beam interactions with materials and atoms》2011,269(23):2762-2764
Lewis theory of the Coulomb multiple scattering is considered in the Gauss approximation for small scattering angles. The model is similar to the Yang theory expressed in terms of the projectile particle true path length. A mixed algorithm of the Coulomb elastic scattering simulation based on condensed along step consideration of small angles and single post step scattering for the rest of angular spectrum is discussed for Monte-Carlo simulation of multiple scattering. The model is in satisfactory agreement with experimental data for electrons and protons. 相似文献
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核数据是核基础研究、核能开发与利用以及核技术发展的基础数据,是连接核物理基础研究与核工程和核技术应用的重要桥梁,在国防与国民经济建设以及核科学发展领域起重要作用。核数据评价建库与检验是核数据研究过程中的两个重要部分,是核数据应用于核工程必不可少的环节。本文介绍了核数据内涵、核数据研究意义以及国内外核数据评价研究的简要发展历史,并结合中国评价核数据库CENDL的研究过程介绍了实验数据调研与分析评价、核数据理论模型计算、核数据统调建库与核数据宏观检验的主要评价核数据研究过程,以及我国自主建立的核数据评价方法和技术、模型及计算程序、评价数据建库和评价数据库的检验方法;介绍了基于我国自主建立的核数据评价建库与检验系统而研制的中国评价核数据库最新版CENDL 32以及对其进行的相关基准检验及应用结果;最后简要介绍了CENDL 32在反应堆屏蔽设计以及压水堆、高温堆等方面的实际应用以及与其他主流评价核数据库的比对结果。 相似文献
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Shinsuke Nakayama 《Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology》2018,55(6):614-622
Toward the development of the next version of Japanese Evaluated Nuclear Data Library (JENDL) general-purpose file, we calculate neutron cross-sections on 63, 65Cu from 50 keV to 20 MeV, which is the incident energy range above the resolved resonance region in JENDL-4.0. A dispersive optical model potential is adopted with a coupled-channel method for interaction between neutron and 63, 65Cu. Direct, pre-equilibrium, and compound processes are taken into account in the calculation. All cross-sections, differential and double-differential cross-sections are consistently calculated with a single set of model parameters. The calculation results reproduce the measured data very well. In addition, disagreement between the calculated and experimental values seen in an integral test for the 63Cu(n, α)60Co reaction is improved by using the cross-section data obtained from the present work. 相似文献
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为量化燃耗信任制中燃耗计算传递给临界计算的不确定度,本文基于参数统计法对燃耗计算的核素偏差及偏差不确定度展开分析,并以蒙特卡罗(MC)抽样方法计算的kinf不确定度为基准,比较不同抽样方法对临界计算不确定度的影响。结果表明,核素偏差与偏差不确定度是随样品燃耗变化的分段函数。对于临界计算,拉丁超立方抽样(LHS)方法与MC抽样方法的kinf不确定度计算结果吻合较好,且LHS方法可考虑参数间的相关性,计算结果更真实,可进一步提升电厂的经济性。 相似文献
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The independent and cumulative fission product yields (FPYs) are obtained by using the Bayesian technique based on the evaluated mass chain yield, where required constraints such as the normalization can be straightforwardly included. We apply this technique to the 239Pu FPY data at neutron incident energies of 0.5, 2.0, and 14 MeV, where the most updated mass chain yield ENDF/B-VII.1 data are available. The obtained yield data are compared with the evaluated values by England and Rider in ENDF/B-VI, and differences from their values are investigated. We show that the modern decay data used, such as branching ratios to ground and metastable states, cause differences in the evaluated individual and cumulative fission yields. 相似文献
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《Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology》2013,50(11):1039-1046
In the nuclear equilibrium state, the nuclide densities and h-value (a neutron balance index) can be estimated from one-group nuclear constants. One-group cross sections usually contain some uncertainties originated from nuclear data errors, analysis errors and design uncertainties. The method to obtain sensitivity coefficients of nuclide densities and h-value to one-group constants are derived by the use of perturbation method, and some numerical results are obtained for both fast and thermal reactors. The numerical results show several notable characteristics. It is appeared that many of these characteristics can be explained using only the main nuclide chain. The method developed in this paper, some derived characteristics and/or numerical results for typical reactors may be useful for future studies based on the nuclear equilibrium state. 相似文献
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《Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology》2013,50(10):1188-1193
This paper presents thermodynamic analysis of the thermal efficiency of the 10 MW high temperature gas cooled reactor (HTR-10) hydrogen production system. The global reaction for the equilibrium reaction model is introduced. An analytical expression for the thermal efficiency is developed using the global reaction. For the specified temperature and pressure the thermal efficiency can be computed with the solution of the equilibrium. The investigation provides a more realistic limit for the efficiency of the nuclear hydrogen production system. The influence of the temperature, latent heat, steam-to-carbon ratio and pressure on the thermal efficiency is analyzed. Varying the temperature there is a maximum thermal efficiency for the specified pressure and steam-to-carbon ratio. The latent heat influences the thermal efficiency significantly, especially at the high temperature condition. Also varying the steam-to-carbon ratio there is a maximum thermal efficiency for the specified pressure and temperature. The process should be operated with high steam-to-carbon ratio to obtain maximum thermal efficiency when the reforming temperature is low and pressure is high. The maximum value is 68.9% within the range of the pressure greater than 1 MPa and steam-to-carbon ratio greater than 2. Comparison of theoretical results to experimental data is carried out. 相似文献
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NECP-Atlas是西安交通大学自主研制的核数据处理软件,具有丰富的功能,可将评价核数据制作为后续核设计所需的应用核数据库,本文在NECP Atlas中建立了光子相关数据的计算方法,可计算产生中子核反应释放的瞬发光子产生截面、光子与原子的反应截面,裂变产物衰变释放的缓发光子多群产生矩阵,以及光子辐照损伤截面等数据。数值结果显示,如果不考虑缓发光子,钠冷快堆中控制组件、反射层组件的光子功率与参考解的最大偏差可达3258%、2041%,采用NECP Atlas计算的多群缓发光子产生矩阵后两类组件偏差降为093%以下。采用文献结果对Fe的光子辐照损伤截面进行了验证,计算结果与参考解吻合良好。 相似文献