基于改进YOLOv5s的交通信号灯识别方法

交通信号灯的检测与识别是提升无人驾驶系统安全性的关键技术,传统基于深度学习的识别方法不能在精度和速度之间达到较好的平衡,难以满足实际环境下的检测要求。YOLOv5具有网络规模小的优势,适合在交通场景下进行交通信号灯检测。对YOLOv5网络进行改进,提出TL-YOLOv5s网络用于交通信号灯识别。通过简化主干网络中卷积层的数量提高特征提取效率,同时对残差组件进行密集连接和多层次跨连接,得到2种新的CSP残差结构替换原网络中的残差结构,增强网络特征融合能力,提高识别精度。考虑到交通信号灯的小目标属性,在网络中保留中小目标检测尺度而去除大目标检测尺度,进一步提升识别速率。在法国巴黎LaRA信号灯数据集上进行实验,结果表明,TL-YOLOv5s网络mAP值达到70.1%,相比于基线网络YOLOv5提升6.3个百分点,且检测速度达到22.4 frame/s,能够满足现实环境下的实时性要求。     

基于改进YOLOv4的交通信号灯倒计时数字检测与识别

交通信号灯倒计时数字的快速检测和准确识别可以提高驾驶的安全性,减少交通事故的发生.针对目标检测算法在交通信号灯倒计时数字检测与识别中准确率较低、漏检率较高的问题,提出一种基于改进YOLOv4的交通信号灯倒计时数字检测与识别算法.首先将YOLOv4的主干网络CSPDarkNet53替换为CSPResNet50vd,并将C...     

基于深度学习的遥感图像目标检测与识别

为解决目前的遥感图像目标检测算法存在的对小尺度目标检测精度低和检测速度慢等问题，提出了一种基于深度学习的遥感图像目标检测与识别算法。首先，构建一个含有不同尺度大小的遥感图像的数据集用于模型的训练和测试；其次，基于原始的多尺度单发射击（SSD）网络模型，融入了设计的浅层特征融合模块、浅层特征增强模块和深层特征增强模块；最后，在训练策略上引入聚焦分类损失函数，以解决训练过程中正负样本失衡的问题。在高分辨率遥感图像数据集上进行实验，结果表明所提算法的检测平均精度均值（mAP）达到77.95%，相较于SSD网络模型提高了3.99个百分点，同时检测速度为33.8 frame/s。此外，在拓展实验中，改进算法对高分辨率遥感图像中模糊目标的检测效果也优于原多尺度单发射击网络模型。实验结果说明，所提改进算法能够有效地提高遥感图像目标检测的精度。     

基于Faster-RCNN的交通信号灯检测与识别

交通信号灯检测和识别是无人驾驶和辅助驾驶领域的重要研究内容,能够避免在通过路口时由于交通信号灯判断失误导致的交通事故,提升驾驶的安全性。客观的复杂交通场景增加了检测识别算法难度。实现了基于Faster-RCNN的交通信号的检测识别,采集了交通场景数据进行标注,填充了国内交通信号灯公开数据集的空白。通过实验对比,选择最优的特征提取网络,并在智能车实验平台上验证了方法的有效性。     

基于Faster-RCNN的汽车漆面缺陷部位检测

针对人工设计特征复杂和传统的自动化方法在目标识别和检测上准确率和效率低下的问题，提出一种基于改进的Faster-RCNN的目标区域定位方法。由于被检测目标尺度变化大，为了解决原始Faster-RCNN网络结构对于小目标区域检测精度低的问题，提出多尺度快速区域卷积神经网络检测算法，改进了神经网络的结构，使网络在检测过程中可以同时使用低层和高层的特征，提升了网络对于小目标区域的检测能力。修改原始网络中锚框设定方法，通过聚类算法来确定不同尺度的特征图的锚框。实验结果表明，该方法在不同的背景下均能实现对目标较好的识别与定位，对小区域的检测能力显著提高。检测精度由原始网络结构的79.60%上升到95.39%,提高了15.79百分点。     

改进YOLOV3算法在行人识别中的应用

为了避免人与物体之间相互遮挡，对小目标检测不准确，以及复杂光照强度对行人检测的影响，针对这一问题，提出了一种多尺度聚类卷积神经网络MK-YOLOV3算法，来实现对行人的识别与检测。该算法是对YOLOV3进行改进，首先通过简单聚类对图像特征进行提取，得到相应的特征图，再通过抽样[K]-means聚类算法结合核函数确定锚点位置，以达到更好的聚类。针对小目标的浅层特征信息进行多尺度融合，提高小目标的检测效果。仿真结果验证了该算法在VOC数据集上对小目标识别的精度和速度上有较大提高，以及视频智能分析中有较高的召回率和精确度。     

基于时空关系模型的交通信号灯的实时检测与识别

交通信号灯的检测与识别是无人驾驶汽车和高级驾驶辅助系统(ADAS)的重要组成部分。针对城市道路复杂环境下的交通信号灯的检测和识别需求,依据多帧视频图像序列的时空连续变化关系构建多帧视频图像的时空关系模型(Time-Space Model,TSM),提出了一种新的基于多帧视频图像序列的交通信号灯的检测和识别算法。算法包含3部分:基于颜色的视频图像快速分割压缩算法,用于提高计算效率;引入多帧视频图像序列的时空关系模型,以提高交通信号灯检测的准确性 ;根据图像的HOG(Histogram of Oriented Gradient)特征,通过SVM(Support Vector Machine)分类器对信号灯进行识别。实验结果表明,算法的鲁棒性强、检测识别速度快、准确率高。     

自适应上下文特征的多尺度目标检测算法

识别多尺度目标是检测任务中的一项挑战,针对检测中的多尺度问题,提出自适应上下文特征的多尺度目标检测算法。针对不同尺度的目标需要不同大小感受野特征进行识别的问题,构建了一种多感受野特征提取网络,通过多分支并行空洞卷积,从高层语义特征中挖掘标签中的上下文信息;针对不同尺度目标的语义特征出现在不同分辨率特征图中的问题,基于改进的通道注意力机制,提出自适应的特征融合网络,通过学习不同分辨率特征图之间的相关性,在全局语义特征中融合局部位置特征;利用不同尺度的特征图识别不同尺度的物体。在PASCAL VOC数据集上对本文算法进行验证,本文方法的检测精度达到了85.74%,相较于Faster R-CNN检测精度提升约8.7%,相较于基线检测算法YOLOv3+提升约2.06%。     

改进的Faster RCNN煤矿井下行人检测算法

针对煤矿井下环境恶劣、光照差、背景混杂、行人模糊、行人多尺度等问题，提出了一种改进的Faster RCNN煤矿井下行人检测方法，使用深度卷积神经网络代替传统的手工设计特征方式自动地从图片中提取特征。利用深度学习通用目标检测框架Faster RCNN，以Faster RCNN算法为基础，对候选区域网络（Region Proposals Network，RPN）结构进行了改进，提出了一种“金字塔RPN”结构，来解决井下行人存在的多尺度问题；同时算法中加入了特征融合技术，将不同卷积层输出的特征图进行融合，增强煤矿井下模糊、遮挡和小目标行人的检测性能。实验结果表明：改进的Faster RCNN可以有效解决井下行人检测问题，在井下行人数据集上获得了90%的检测准确率，并在公测数据集VOC 07上对改进算法进行了验证。     

基于HOG特征的交通信号灯实时识别算法研究

针对无人驾驶汽车的交通信号灯识别,提出了一种基于HOG特征和SVM的交通信号灯实时识别算法。该算法首先提取视频中的红绿色区域,筛选出符合条件的区域,提取各类信号灯的HOG特征,然后运用SVM构建对应类别信号灯的分类器,之后依据判决函数对当前信号进行实时判决,从而得到准确的信号灯信息。实验结果表明该算法有良好的准确率和实时性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.