粘结剂对WC硬质合金模具力学性能的影响

通过烧结工艺制备了不同粘结剂含量的WC基硬质合金,研究了Co、Ni粘结剂对合金力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着粘结剂含量的增加,WC硬质合金制品的密度、洛氏硬度、抗弯强度和抗压强度都逐渐降低,而冲击韧度逐渐升高,耐磨性先增大后减小。当添加13%Co+6.5%Ni时,合金晶粒尺寸细小,完全包覆了WC粒子,大大提高了耐磨性。     

粘结剂对WC硬质合金模具力学性能的影响

通过烧结工艺制备了不同粘结剂含量的WC基硬质合金,研究了Co、Ni粘结剂对合金力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着粘结剂含量的增加,WC硬质合金制品的密度、洛氏硬度、抗弯强度和抗压强度都逐渐降低,而冲击韧度逐渐升高,耐磨性先增大后减小。当添加13%Co+6.5%Ni时,合金晶粒尺寸细小,完全包覆了WC粒子,大大提高了耐磨性。     

TaC含量对板状WC晶粒硬质合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

本文以真空烧结法制备了显微组织中含有板状WC晶粒的WC-TaC-Co硬质合金，通过DSC、XRD、SEM、EDS等手段研究了TaC添加量对板状WC晶粒硬质合金显微组织和力学性能的影响规律。结果表明：随着TaC添加量的增加，WC硬质相平均晶粒尺寸先下降再增大，WC硬质相晶粒的平均长厚比先略有上升再减小。随着TaC添加量的增加，抗弯强度下降，硬度、断裂韧性先增加后下降。当TaC添加量为0.5%时，硬质合金具有较优的综合力学性能，其抗弯强度、硬度和断裂韧性分别为：2 617 MPa、91.5HRA、15.4 MPa·m^1/2。     

钴镍比对WC-14%(Co,Ni)硬质合金力学性能和在中性NaCl溶液中耐腐蚀性能的影响

本文以WC、Co及Ni粉为原料,采用传统粉末冶金方法制备了4种不同Co、Ni粘结相比例的WC-14%(Co,Ni)硬质合金样品,通过对比硬度、抗弯强度、断裂韧性、电化学极化曲线及浸泡实验结果,并利用扫描电镜、能谱分析等,研究了4种合金的力学性能及其在3.61%NaCl(pH=7)模拟海水溶液中的腐蚀行为。结果表明:随着w(Co)/w(Ni)比例的降低,合金的硬度和断裂韧性降低、抗弯强度则呈现先小幅增加后降低的趋势,当w(Co):w(Ni)=5:5时,合金的硬度、抗弯强度和断裂韧性急剧下降;随着w(Co)/w(Ni)比例的降低,合金在NaCl模拟海水溶液中的自腐蚀电位升高,腐蚀电流密度降低,耐腐蚀性能增强;当w(Co):w(Ni)=7:3时,即WC-9.8%Co-4.2%Ni合金的综合性能最佳,其力学性能和耐腐蚀性能的协同作用将有益于合金的使用寿命。     

Ni含量对粗晶WC-Co-Ni硬质合金组织和性能的影响

以WC-10%(Co+Ni)硬质合金为研究对象,在相同含量的Co+Ni粘结相中采用不同的钴镍比来研究Ni含量对WC-Co-Ni硬质合金组织和性能的影响。结果表明随Co+Ni粘结相中的镍含量的增加,合金中显微组织结构中的粘结相的分布均匀性变差;WC晶粒的尺寸和圆度增大。合金的强度性能结果表明WC-(Co+Ni)硬质合金在粘结相质量分数为60%Co-40%Ni时抗弯强度出现最大值;随Ni含量的增加,WC-(Co+Ni)硬质合金的硬度值相差不大,但呈下降趋势;合金的密度几乎没有变化;合金的钴磁降低,磁力呈现先增后降。     

SiC掺杂WC-10Ni硬质合金的真空烧结及性能研究

采用高能球磨和真空烧结技术制备了纳米SiC颗粒弥散增强WC-10Ni硬质合金复合材料,研究了SiC添加量和烧结温度对SiC掺杂WC-10Ni硬质合金复合材料显微组织和室温力学性能的影响。结果表明,采用真空烧结技术于1 450 ℃和1 500 ℃下烧结可获得烧结颗粒结合良好,致密度高达99.2%的WC-10Ni-SiC复合材料。SiC的添加不仅可以抑制WC晶粒的长大,起到细化晶粒的作用,还可促使WC晶粒烧结致密化。而且所获得的复合材料的维氏硬度随着SiC含量的增加而提高,最高达1 649 HV;断裂韧性和抗弯强度随着SiC添加量增加均呈现先升高后降低的趋势,当SiC添加量为0.5wt%时可获得断裂韧性和抗弯强度分别为12.7 MPa.m_1/2和1 126.1 MPa的WC-10Ni-SiC硬质合金复合材料。     

Cr含量对WC钢结硬质合金组织及力学性能的影响

过添加不同含量的合金元素Cr制得WC钢结硬质合金,研究Cr含量对WC钢结硬质合金组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着Cr含量的增多,WC晶粒尺寸越来越小,复式碳化物出现异常长大现象,合金孔隙度降低,合金相对密度逐渐上升,合金硬度不断上升后稳定在70 HRC左右,合金的抗弯强度和冲击性能均先上升后下降,在Cr含量为10%左右时综合力学性能最佳。     

SiC掺杂WC-10Ni硬质合金的真空烧结及性能

采用高能球磨和真空烧结技术制备了纳米SiC颗粒弥散增强WC-10Ni硬质合金复合材料,研究了SiC添加量和烧结温度对SiC掺杂WC-10Ni硬质合金复合材料显微组织和室温力学性能的影响。结果表明,采用真空烧结技术于1450和1500℃下烧结可获得烧结颗粒结合良好,致密度高达99.2%的WC-10Ni-SiC复合材料。SiC的添加不仅可以抑制WC晶粒的长大,起到细化晶粒的作用,还可促使WC晶粒烧结致密化。而且所获得的复合材料的维氏硬度随着SiC含量的增加而提高,最高达16.49GPa;断裂韧性和抗弯强度随着SiC添加量增加均呈现先升高后降低的趋势,当SiC添加量为0.5%时(质量分数,下同)可获得断裂韧性和抗弯强度分别为12.7MPa·m1/2和1126.1MPa的WC-10Ni-SiC硬质合金复合材料。     

含WB烧结硬质合金的组织结构和性能研究

将不同含量的WB粉末添加到传统成分的WC-Co粉末中,利用低压烧结技术制备了系列含WB的WC-Co型硬质合金,并对其物相组成、组织结构和力学性能进行了系统表征分析。研究发现,在低压烧结过程中WB与Co发生反应,生成了具有超高硬度的WCoB相,由此降低了粘结相Co对WC晶粒的隔离,增加了WC晶粒间的接触度,引起合金韧性下降。添加WB制备的硬质合金材料其摩擦系数更低,随WB添加量的增加,硬度和耐磨性明显提高,当WB添加量为30%(质量分数)时,制备的硬质合金材料的硬度达到19 000 MPa,其磨损速率仅为传统WC-Co硬质合金1/10。然而,添加WB的WC-Co合金的断裂韧性约为传统WC-Co硬质合金的83%~91%。     

不同细WC添加量对板状硬质合金显微组织和力学性能各向异性的影响

本文以真空烧结法制备了显微组织中含有板状粗WC晶粒的WC-Co硬质合金。用三点弯曲法、洛氏硬度计、压痕法分别测得试样的抗弯强度、硬度和断裂韧性,并通过XRD,SEM等手段研究不同细WC添加量对板状硬质合金显微组织及力学性能各向异性的影响。结果表明:随着细WC添加量的增加,板状硬质合金中板状粗WC晶粒定向排列程度越弱,板状硬质合金在垂直于压制方向和平行于压制方向的显微组织差异逐渐减小;当细WC的添加量为35%(质量分数,下同)和45%时,硬质合金中板状粗WC晶粒基本是随机分布,不同方向上的显微组织差异较小。随着细WC添加量增加,硬质合金垂直于压制方向和平行于压制方向上的强度和硬度增加,断裂韧性下降,并且两个方向上的力学性能差异逐渐减小;当细WC的添加量为35%和45%时,两个面上的力学性能基本一致;当细WC的添加量为35%时,硬质合金的综合力学性能较佳。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.