基于SVD优化EMD的电梯导靴振动信号故障 特征提取

针对电梯导靴振动信号采用经验模态分解(Empirical Mode Decomposition,EMD)难以直接提取早期微弱故障特征的问题,提出基于奇异值分解(Singular Value Decomposition,SVD)优化经验模态分解的电梯导靴振动信号故障特征提取方法。该方法首先对原始信号进行SVD分解,通过奇异值贡献率原则来确定相空间重组的最佳Hankel矩阵结构,利用曲率谱原则与奇异值贡献率原则相结合来确定有效奇异值的阶次;筛选出包含主要故障信息的奇异值进行信号重构,得到剔除噪声信号与光滑信号的突变信号;然后对突变信号进行EMD分解,得到信号的本征模态函数(Intrinsic Mode Function,IMF)分量。最后,对IMF分量作Hilbert变换,求得其Hilbert边际谱,从而获得电梯导靴故障特征频率信息。仿真结果表明该方法有效改善了EMD难以直接提取早期微弱故障特征的问题,更准确地提取了振动信号的故障特征频率,验证了所述方法的有效性。     

思维作业脑电的IMF能量熵特征提取与分类研究

提出了一种基于固有模态函数（Intrinsic Mode Function,IMF）能量熵的特征提取方法。对三类脑电思维信号分别进行了经验模态分解（Empirical Mode Decomposition,EMD）,并得到与其相对应的IMF。试验发现对于不同类别的信号,同阶的IMF能量的判别熵有明显的不同。而采用K-近邻分类器对三类脑电信号进行了分类,发现基于最佳特征向量选择的分类试验的平均正确识别率达75%以上。     

基于EMD阈值方法的轴承故障振动信号去噪

针对随机噪声信号影响对有用信息的获取,提出了EMD分解阈值去噪方法,将小波阈值去噪原理应用于经验模态分解（Empirical Mode Decomposition,EMD）中。首先对实际含噪信号进行EMD分解,根据分解后得到的内蕴模态函数（Intrinsic Mode Function,简称IMF分量）,采用自适应阈值去噪,进行信号重构,得到消噪后的信号,获取有用信息。将该方法应用于实际工程故障振动信号中分析研究表明,该方法可以获得较高的信噪比,能够对实际信号进行有效的故障特征频率提取,降噪后比降噪前的诊断效果更明显。     

基于MED和边际谱的自动倾斜器轴承故障诊断

针对直升机自动倾斜器轴承早期微弱故障特征易被强烈背景噪声淹没的问题，提出了一种基于最小熵反褶积（Minimum Entropy Deconvolution，MED）和边际谱的自动倾斜器轴承故障诊断方法。采用MED对采集的振动信号进行滤波降噪，提高了信号的信噪比，突出了轴承早期微弱故障特征；通过Hilbert变换和经验模态分解（Empirical Mode Decomposition，EMD）获取去噪包络信号的本征模态函数（Intrinsic Mode Functions，IMF）集，并引入峭度筛选准则选取合理IMF集计算局部Hilbert边际谱，有效地提取了故障特征频率，能够通过故障特征频率进行故障类型判别。通过某型直升机自动倾斜器故障诊断试验系统验证了该诊断方法的合理性和可行性。     

融合PSO优化的相关变模态分解与深度学习的旋转机械早期故障智能分类方法

针对旋转机械早期故障信号呈现微弱、相互干扰,易导致故障智能分类精度低的现状。提出一种融合优化的PSO-RVMD (Particle swarm optimization-Relevant Variational Mode Decomposition)与SAE (Stacked AutoEncoder)的旋转机械早期故障分类方法。智能分类方法主要有信号增强与智能分类两阶段组成。首先该方法利用所改进的PSO-RVMD分解电机-轴承系统的早期故障振动信号,通过定义的相关能量比概念计算各分量信号(IMFs)与原始信号之间的相关程度,筛选并重构相关程度高的分量,去除冗余与不相干的干扰与噪声成分,实现信号增强。最后,将增强的早期微弱信号输入到SAE模型中进行训练。利用SAE模型提取高层、抽象且利于分类的深度特征且在最后一层添加BP层,直接对提取的深度特征进行故障分类。通过仿真与实际电机-轴承系统振动信号验证了该方法的有效性,结果表明该方法能快速的实现旋转机械早期微弱故障的精确识别与诊断,提高故障特征学习与自动分类程度。     

基于改进小波去噪和EMD方法的轴承故障诊断

将改进的小波阈值去噪与EMD分解相结合应用于轴承故障诊断中。该方法首先利用改进的小波阈值去噪法对原始信号进行去噪,然后采用EMD方法将去噪后的信号自适应地分解成一系列IMF分量之和,通过能量-相关系数法选取能够反映故障特征的IMF分量进行包络谱分析提取故障频率。实验结果表明该方法能够有效识别故障特征频率。     

基于EMD和BP网络的轴承故障诊断方法

故障轴承的振动信号是非平稳信号,传统的非平稳信号分析手段存在许多不足;BP网络能够出色地解决传统识别模式难以解决的复杂问题。提出了经验模态分解(EMD)与BP神经网络相结合的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。采用EMD方法对振动信号进行分解,得到组成信号的多个内禀模态分量(IMF),提取重要的IMF分量的能量作为信号的特征量;采用BP网络作为模式分类器,对轴承的故障类型进行分类。经试验数据分析证明,该方法能够准确地对轴承故障进行诊断。     

基于LMD和GNN-Adaboost的滚动轴承故障严重程度识别

提出一种基于局部均值分解（Local Mean Decomposition,LMD）和遗传神经网络自适应增强（Genetic Neural Network Adaptive Boosting,GNN-Adaboost）的滚动轴承损伤程度识别方法。通过LMD方法将轴承振动信号分解为若干个瞬时频率有物理意义的乘积函数（Production Function,PF）,对能反映信号主要特征的PF提取能量矩,结合原始振动信号的时域特征参数（方差、偏度、峭度）,组成故障严重程度识别特征参数矩阵。将基于LMD方法的特征参数矩阵作为GNN-Adaboost方法的输入向量,对不同载荷与转速工况下的轴承进行故障严重程度识别。结果表明,基于LMD和GNN-Adaboost的方法能够有效提高轴承故障严重程度识别准确率,对滚动轴承等关键旋转部件的故障识别与定位具有重要意义。     

基于EMD方法的煤矿绞车轴承故障诊断

根据煤矿绞车齿轮箱轴承在变速变载工况下振动信号的频率一直发生变化的特征,提出采用EMD方法进行绞车轴承故障诊断。在较大拖动力与较大转频阶段,根据轴承座在正常状态与故障状态下振动信号的IMF分量的能量与总能量的比值及均方根能量来判断轴承工作状态,通过提取故障信号频率的边际谱判断故障位置。实验结果证明了EMD方法能够有效检测出绞车齿轮箱轴承故障。     

MPSO算法优化BP网络的数字调制识别方法

数字调制信号的识别方法有很多,其识别效果不尽相同。为了提高数字调制信号在不同信噪比（Signal-to-Noise Ratio,SNR）下的识别性能,提出了一种基于改进粒子群（Modified Particle Swarm Optimization,MPSO）算法优化BP网络的识别方法。针对七种常见的数字调制信号,提取了六个瞬时特征参数,其中[Rσa]参数是改进得到的,同理类推得到[Rσp]。为了在保持基本粒子群（Particle Swarm Optimization,PSO）算法优点的基础上进一步提高算法的性能,增加了对粒子邻域信息的参考,再用MPSO算法优化BP网络的权值和阈值。从仿真实验可以看出,应用此方法,七种信号的识别率都可以达到86％以上,从而证明了该方法能有效地提高数字调制信号的识别性能。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.