塑性镍基非晶复合材料的组织和力学性能

采用手工电弧炉熔炼、水冷铜模冷却制备了Ni-Cr-Fe-Nb基合金。利用X射线衍射、扫描电镜和透射电镜等对铸态合金的组织进行研究,并对该合金的力学性能进行测试。结果表明:铸态合金为非晶/纳米晶复合材料,晶内析出相细小,平均晶粒尺寸17.70 nm;室温压缩和拉伸实验表明该合金为塑性材料,在压缩实验中合金表现出了加工硬化现象,拉伸断口特征符合韧性断裂机制。     

固溶处理对Ti-22Al-25Nb合金棒材组织与拉伸性能的影响

以Ti-22Al-25Nb合金棒材为试验对象,研究了固溶温度对合金棒材组织和室温拉伸性能的影响。结果表明:随着固溶温度的升高,α2/O相颗粒含量明显减少,B2相体积分数增加;合金的拉伸性能也随之变化,强度随固溶温度的升高而增加,塑性略有下降;断口形貌显示,Ti-22Al-25Nb合金在拉伸断裂过程中以准解理断裂为主。     

Ti-22Al-25Nb合金环形件成形工艺与组织性能关系

研究了Ti-22Al-25Nb合金环形件的制备工艺和组织性能关系。结果表明:Ti-22Al-25Nb合金增加棒材改锻的次数可提高组织均匀性,细化晶粒,从而显著提高合金的室温塑性。对棒材在α2+B2+O三相区(970℃)和α2+B2两相区(1050℃)轧制可分别获得双态组织和板条组织的环形件。两种组织的室温抗拉强度均在1100 MPa以上,室温伸长率在6.5%以上。两种组织相比,双态组织具有更高的强度,而板条组织的塑性更好。根据试验结果,Ti-22Al-25Nb合金在生产应用时,棒材的锻造镦拔次数应不低于8次,环形件轧制应选择在α2+B2两相区(1050℃)。     

扫描速率对激光增材制造Ti2AlNb基合金组织性能的影响

利用激光增材制造技术,分别在扫描速率为3、4、5 mm/s的条件下制备出Ti-22Al-25Nb合金薄壁试样,分析了3组试样的相组成、显微组织和力学性能。结果表明,激光增材制造Ti-22Al-25Nb合金显微组织由B2、O和α2相组成,随着扫描速率的增加,合金析出相体积分数和基体B2相平均晶粒尺寸呈现出减小趋势,合金室温、高温抗拉强度逐渐升高。扫描速率为5 mm/s时,所沉积材料的室温和750 ℃高温的抗拉强度最高,分别为1053 MPa和665 MPa;析出相体积分数和B2相平均晶粒尺寸最小,分别为72.52%和156 μm。     

激光增材制造Ti_2AlNb基合金的组织与性能

利用激光增材制造技术,分别在扫描速率为3、4、5 mm/s的条件下制备出Ti-22Al-25Nb合金薄壁试样,分析了3组试样的相组成、显微组织和力学性能。结果表明,激光增材制造Ti-22Al-25Nb合金显微组织由B2、O和α2相组成,随着扫描速率的增加,合金析出相体积分数和基体B2相平均晶粒尺寸呈现出减小趋势,合金室温、高温抗拉强度逐渐升高。扫描速率为5 mm/s时,所沉积材料的室温和750℃高温的抗拉强度最高,分别为1053 MPa和665 MPa;析出相体积分数和B2相平均晶粒尺寸最小,分别为72.52%和156μm。     

退火和热暴露对Ti-22Al-25Nb/Ti60双合金焊接盘组织和力学性能的影响

对真空电子束焊接后的Ti-22Al-25Nb/Ti60双合金盘试样进行了退火处理和热暴露试验,采用OM、SEM和TEM观察了接头的显微组织。对不同状态下的双合金试样进行了室温拉伸试验,并观察了拉伸断口形貌。结果表明:退火和热暴露会促使焊接过程形成的亚稳相分解。与退火态相比,热暴露态焊缝熔合区亚稳β相和Ti60热影响区α'相分解程度增加,热暴露后Ti-22Al-25Nb合金热影响区有细小的O相析出。焊态下拉伸试样发生脆断,退火后双合金试样强度有较大提升,并有一定的拉伸塑性。热暴露后双合金试样强度进一步提高,拉伸塑性较退火态变化不大。     

放电等离子烧结制备Ti-22Al-25Nb合金及致密化机理

以Ti-22Al-25Nb(摩尔分数,%)预合金粉末为实验初始原料,采用放电等离子烧结工艺(SPS)方法,在温度为950～1200℃,保温时间为10～20min,压力为35～80MPa的条件下制备晶粒小、组织致密的粉末冶金Ti-22Al-25Nb合金。研究烧结温度、烧结压力和保温时间对预合金粉末致密化过程的影响,分析粉末的烧结致密化机理,揭示烧结温度、烧结压力和保温时间对Ti-22Al-25Nb烧结合金的相对密度、相组成、显微组织以及力学性能的影响规律,明确烧结合金的室温断裂机制。结果表明:经950℃、80MPa、10min烧结的Ti-22Al-25Nb合金相对密度达到99.43%,具有更优异的综合力学性能,其室温伸长率、屈服强度和抗拉强度分别达到9.38%、933.57 MPa和990.01 MPa。     

组织转变对Al-20%(Al-5Ti-1B)合金力学性能与导电性能的影响

采用纯铝中加20%的Al-5Ti-1B制备了Al-20%(Al-5Ti-1B)合金,并在550℃固溶12h后进行1道次室温等径角挤压试验。运用金相显微镜和扫描电镜等研究了合金微观结构的变化,测定了合金不同状态下的导电率和硬度。对铸态和挤压态合金进行了室温拉伸试验。研究了组织转变对合金力学性能与导电性能的影响。结果表明,等径角挤压可以细化晶粒,改善第二相颗粒分布的均匀性,提高Al-20%(Al-5Ti-1B)合金的力学性能和导电性能。与铸态合金相比,等径角挤压后的合金屈服强度由195 MPa增加到245 MPa,提高了13.4%;硬度由26.37 HV增大到44 HV,提高了66.85%;导电率由49.63%IACS增加到51.8%IACS,提高4.4%。     

Mg-9AI-6Si镁合金组织及性能研究

利用普通重力铸造方法,制备了Mg-9Al-6Si镁合金.用光镜(OM),扫描电镜和能谱仪(SEM/EDS)研究了铸态Mg-9Al-6Si镁合金的显微组织,用XRD分析了合金的相组成,测试了合金室温拉伸力学性能和硬度,用SEM观察了合金拉伸断口形貌.结果表明:Mg-9Al-6Si镁合金铸态组织主要由α-Mg基体和分布在其上的粗大棱状枝晶或多边形块状初晶Mg2Si相及连成网状的β-Mg17Al12相组成,无汉字状Mg2Si相.该合金室温拉伸断口是以准解理断裂为主的脆性断裂,断裂沿α-Mg基体和Mg2Si相的界面处产生并扩展,抗拉强度为137.45 MPa,硬度为123 Hv1.     

热处理对B2相区等温锻造Ti-22Al-25Nb合金组织和性能的影响

研究了B2单相区等温锻造Ti-22Al-25Nb(原子分数)合金经不同固溶加时效热处理工艺处理后,其显微组织的演变和力学性能的变化。研究结果表明,随着固溶温度的升高,Ti-22Al-25Nb合金组织中一次板条状O相变短变粗,体积分数减小,有球化的趋势,在随后的时效过程中会析出更多的次生针状板条O相;拉伸强度也随固溶温度升高而增加,塑性略微提高,断裂主要以沿B2晶粒的解理面解理断裂或准解理断裂为主,呈现许多近似层状的解理小刻面,其微观形貌为微孔状的韧窝。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.