纳米WC—Co复合粉的烧结特征

对纳米 WC— Co复合粉的烧结特征以及怎样充分利用这一特征来控制合金晶粒长大进行了介绍。指出 ,由喷雾转化法生产的纳米 WC— Co复合粉是一种预合金粉 ,它的烧结应该属于超固相线液相烧结范畴。与传统的液相烧结相比 ,超固相线液相烧结时 ,合金的微观结构和性能对烧结温度、工艺参数及合金成分更为敏感 ,因此必须对这些参数进行严格控制     

纳米WC粉氢处理脱除游离碳的研究

将高碳含量的纳米WC粉末在氢气流中进行热处理脱除游离碳,研究处理温度、保温时间和H2流量等工艺参数对WC粉碳含量及粒度的影响.结果表明,在温度为940℃,H2流量为3.5L/min,保温时间为100min的工艺条件下,可以将碳含量由9.74%降低至6.20%,处理后纳米WC颗粒无明显长大.当处理温度高于970℃会导致WC化合碳损失而生成W2C相,并造成WC颗粒长大.     

两步碳化制备纳米WC粉末及其合金性能

研究了两步碳化工艺对氢还原/碳化制备的纳米WC粉末及其WC-Co合金性能的影响。结果表明,WC粉末的晶粒聚集和异常粗大颗粒主要是由于碳化初期钨颗粒因烧结合并增粗,而钨粉碳化不完全主要是由于碳化后期的温度偏低,利用先低温碳化后高温碳化的两步碳化工艺不仅能够有效抑制纳米颗粒烧结合并增粗,而且可以使钨粉充分碳化,得到颗粒细小、均匀,W2C含量极少的WC粉末;采用1120℃碳化加1180℃碳化的两步碳化工艺制备出的138 nm的WC粉末,W2C含量少于0.5%(质量分数),以其为原料制备的WC-Co烧结体显微组织结构均匀,为超细晶硬质合金,综合性能优良,洛氏硬度HRA高达93.7,抗弯强度高达4380 MPa。     

无粘结相WC硬质合金的研究进展

无粘结相WC硬质合金(Binderless tungsten carbide,BTC)是WC硬质合金领域的研究热点,BTC具有较高熔点及良好的耐腐蚀性,与WC-Co等金属作为粘结剂的WC硬质合金相比,更适宜应用于高温、腐蚀性强等恶劣环境中.同时,BTC还具有高硬度以及良好的耐磨性等优异性能,是具有应用潜力的硬质合金材料...     

火花等离子烧结技术制备的WC／Co为纳米硬质合金

研究了火花等离子烧结工艺与YG10、YGl2两种纳米硬质合金性能的关系。然后采用火花等离子烧结技术制备了硬质合金功能梯度材料，该材料由纳米WC/10％Co、纳米WC／12％C。、微米WC／15％Co混合粉以及不锈钢圆片烧结而成。显微硬度压痕显示该材料各层间的应力较小。     

含V和Cr纳米W粉碳化热力学分析及实验

根据W、V2O3和Cr2O3碳化反应的热力学分析结果,以含V2O3、Cr2O3各0.5 wt%的纳米W粉为原料,在1100 ℃真空碳化,制备了含晶粒长大抑制剂(VC、Cr3C2)的纳米WC粉末,其平均粒径小于100 nm.实验结果表明抑制剂在碳化过程中可有效抑制WC颗粒长大.     

电溶WC的重碳化处理工艺研究

通过对电溶WC粉重碳化前后粉末化学成分的变化及其制取的WC-8%Co合金物理机械性能及金相组织结构的对比研究,证示重碳化后电溶WC粉中的杂质含量大为降低,氧含量由0.21%下降至0.074%,Mg、Cd、Ca、Na等均呈数量级的下降。WC颗粒比碳化之前要明显地长粗,生产的合金的密度比普通电溶WC制取的合金要高,孔隙度明显降低,宏观孔洞消除,抗弯强度提高达14%。     

WC块球磨工艺对WC粉及其合金性能的影响

本文在球料比为1.5∶1的情况下对40型和200型WC块进行球磨,研究了球磨时间对球磨后WC粉的化学成分、粒度及粒度分布、亚晶尺寸、形貌等的影响.然后,选取球磨1h和16 h的WC粉为原料,在相同的工艺条件下制备成合金,观察了合金形貌,检测了合金磁力、密度、硬度等性能.结果表明:随着球磨时间的延长,WC粉的粒度和总碳量降低,氧含量增加,粒度分布发生明显变化:随着球磨时间的延长,粒度分布曲线的峰值不断向左(即粒度细的方向)快速移动;随着球磨时间的延长,首先是粘结的WC颗粒分离,然后多晶WC颗粒沿晶界面破裂,最后不规则的粗大WC晶粒发生穿晶断裂并产生大量的微细粉末;随着球磨时间的延长,晶粒内部的亚晶尺寸不断变小.40型WC块经过长时间球磨后,其制备的合金的矫顽磁力和抗弯强度都减少,而其它性能没有明显变化.200型WC块经过长时间球磨后,其制备的合金的矫顽磁力减少,而其它性能也没有明显变化.200型WC块长的球磨时间容易造成合金中WC晶粒不均匀长大.     

微波烧结制备WC钢结硬质合金

采用微波烧结技术制备WC系钢结硬质合金,用金相显微镜观察试样组织,X射线衍射仪测试试样结构,显微硬度计测量试样的硬度,阿基米德法测定试样的密度。结果表明:所制备的试样组织由Fe、Fe2W2C组成;随烧结温度的升高,试样的相对密度明显增大;但1320℃时出现局部熔融现象,随保温时间的延长,试样相对密度增大,但保温15 min后趋于稳定;加入稀土可明显细化晶粒,使硬质合金硬度提高。     

W粉粒径和烧结温度对一步法制备WC-10%Co硬质合金组织性能的影响

等离子球磨“碳化烧结一步法”制备WC-Co硬质合金有利于板状晶WC的形成和形态控制。本文进一步研究了等离子球磨W-C-Co复合粉末的组织演变,着重考察原始W粉粒径和烧结温度对WC-10%Co硬质合金组织、性能的影响。结果表明,等离子球磨使W颗粒显著呈片状,并增加其中位错等缺陷,提高粉末中的变形储能,同时增加了W/C反应界面,均有利于WC板状晶的生成;随着原始W粉粒径增加,等离子球磨所制备的层片状聚集体的片径越大,其生成的板状WC晶粒也越大,板状WC晶粒的定向排列程度也越高;随着烧结温度增加,WC晶粒的长径比和板状WC晶粒的定向排列程度有所提高。当原始W粉粒径为2.5μm、烧结温度1 440℃时,所制备的WC-10%Co硬质合金样品垂直于压制方向截面的横向断裂强度、硬度和断裂韧性分别为3 542 MPa、14.896 GPa、16.73 MPa·m^1/2;平行于压制方向截面的硬度和断裂韧性为13.975 GPa、15.06 MPa·mm^1/2。     

Consolidation and properties of ultrafine binderless cemented carbide by spark plasma sintering

Owing to the absence of metal binder, binderless cemented carbides have higher wear, corrosion, and oxidation resistance. WC-0.3VC-0.5Cr3C2 powders with an average particle size of 200nm and a little amount of active element were consolidated by spark plasma sintering. The sintered microstructure revealed that the average WC grain size was 0.24μm, which was almost consistent with the initial fine powder. The results of XRD showed that W2C phase was formed. Nearly complete densification of ultrafine binderless cemented carbide was achieved by sintering at 1400℃ for 120s under 50MPa. The resulting hardness and the fracture toughness were 28.18 GPa and 6.05MPa·m1/2, respectively.     

Sintering of WC-Co powder with nanocrystalline WC by spark plasma sintering

A 92WC-8Co powder mixture with 33 nm WC grains was prepared by strengthening ball milling and was then sintered by spark plasma sintering （SPS） at 1000-1200℃ for 5-18 rain under 10-25 kN, respectively. Movement of the position of low punch shown shrinkage of the sintered body began above 800℃. The shrinkage slowly rose as the temperature rose from 800 to 1000℃ and then quickly rose at above 1000℃ and then gradually rose at above 1150℃. The densities of the samples increased with an increase in sintering temperature, rapidly below 1100℃, and then gradually above 1100℃. WC grains grow gradually with increasing sintering temperature. The powder was sintered to near full density at 1100℃ for 5 rain under 10 kN. The best result of the sample with 275 nm WC grains and no pores was obtained at 1150℃ under 10 kN for 5 rain. The research found the graphite die had a function of carburization, which could compensate the sintered body for the lack of carbon, and had the normal microstructure.     

Effects of various sintering methods on microstructure and mechanical properties of CP-Ti powder consolidations

Effects of various sintering methods such as spark plasma sintering (SPS), hot pressing (HP) and electric resistance sintering (ERS) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of commercial pure titanium (CP-Ti) powder consolidations with particle size of <147 μm, <74 μm and <43 μm were studied. The smaller particle powders are densified to proceed at a higher rate. Dense titanium with relative density up to 99% is found to take place at 850 °C under 30 MPa of SPS and HP condition. However, in case of ERS, CP-Ti powders were densified almost at 950 °C under 30 MPa. The microstructure of sintered titanium is composed of equiaxed grains at 850–950 °C. The yield strength of sintered body composed of <43 μm powder is 858 MPa by using SPS at 850 °C under 30 MPa. When there is a higher content of small particle, the higher yield strength value is obtained both by using SPS and HP. However, when ERS is introduced, the highest yield strength is 441 MPa at 950 °C under 30 MPa, which shows much lower values than those by SPS and HP methods. ERS method takes much less sintering time compared with SPS and HP. Nevertheless, higher sintering temperature results in lower strength and elongation because of brittle fracture.     

Microstructures and properties of coating from cemented carbide by vacuum powder sintering

In this paper, the microstructures and properties of coating from cemented carbide of WC–Fe–Co–Ni on the substrate 45 steel are studied. The effects of sintering temperature on the microstructures of coating, the interface structures between coating and the substrate, the microhardness distribution and its wear resistance in the coating are investigated. The results indicate that the coating is strongly metallurgical bonded with the substrate by the mutual diffusion and penetration of Fe towards the coating and W, Co, Ni towards the substrate at sintering temperature ranging from 1280 °C to 1300 °C. The coating obtained exhibits compact structure and uniformly distribution of WC with fine grain and porosity free from defects, having high microhardness and preferable wear resistance.     

Synthesis of Al2O3／WC powder by aluminothermic reduction and carbonization method

Al2O3/WC powder was synthesized by means of aluminothermic reduction-carbonization with metallic Al powder, yellow tungsten oxide and carbon black or graphite as raw materials under the protection of coke granules.The effects of Al2O3 content, temperature, C/WO3 molar ratio, and atmosphere on the synthesis of Al2O3/WC powder were studied. The results show that the relative content of WC and W2C is strongly influenced by the factors mentioned-above. Carbon black has higher reactivity than graphite. Al2O3-WC composite is easier to obtain under the protection of coke granules than under argon atmosphere. The CO in the coke layer can easily react witht ungsten to form WC and to transfer from W2C to WC.     

微波烧结温度对WC钢结硬质合金组织性能的影响

以WC颗粒为增强相,铁粉为基体,通过球磨、压制成型,微波烧结制备WC钢结硬质合金。结果表明：随着烧结温度的升高,硬质合金相对密度、显微硬度和抗弯强度均先升高后下降,在1280℃时达到最高值,即相对密度、显微硬度和抗弯强度分别达到94.85%、544 HV和847.37 MPa。1280℃烧结为液相烧结,烧结过程中WC和Fe发生相变,产生新的增强相Fe2W2C,新相以颗粒的形式存在,弥散分布在钢的基体中,对材料的性能起到强化作用。微波烧结比真空烧结温度更低,时间更短,力学性能更好。     

火花等离子烧结技术制备的WC/Co纳米硬质合金

研究了火花等离子烧结工艺与YG10、YG12两种纳米硬质合金性能的关系.然后采用火花等离子烧结技术制备了硬质合金功能梯度材料,该材料由纳米WC/10%Co、纳米WC/12%Co、微米WC/15%Co混合粉以及不锈钢圆片烧结而成.显微硬度压痕显示该材料各层间的应力较小.     

Pressureless sintering of ZrC-based ceramics by enhancing powder sinterability

The sinterability of ZrC was enhanced by high-energy ball milling as well as introduction of graphite and SiC as sintering additives. Densification process and microstructure development were investigated for ZrC-based ceramics densified by pressureless sintering. As-received ZrC powder showed poor sinterability. After high-energy ball milling, ZrC powder can be sintered to 98.4% theoretical density at 2100 °C. The obtained ceramic had fine microstructure and fewer entrapped pores. Introduction of 2 wt.% graphite combined with high-energy ball milling lowered the densification temperature of ZrC. The relative density of obtained ceramic reached up to 95% at 1900 °C. Introduced SiC inhibited ZrC grain growth during sintering and consequently avoided the entrapped pores within the grains. The relative density of ZrC-SiC reached up to 96.7% at 2100 °C. ZrC-SiC composite formed an interesting intragranular structure and had high fracture strength at room temperature.     

微波烧结碳化硅的制备

以硅粉为硅源,乙炔炭黑为碳源,通过微波加热的方法制备碳化硅。研究反应物密实度和反应物粒度对产物碳化硅粒度和形貌的影响,利用SEM和TEM等手段观察碳化硅的形貌。结果表明:采用自由堆积的乙炔炭黑和硅粉为反应物时,硅粉、碳粉表面存在的氧与其发生反应生成的Si O和CO,再通过气-气反应生成Si C晶须,生成产物包括Si C颗粒和晶须。当反应物加压后,生成的Si O与Si和C反应生成Si C颗粒,产物中只包括Si C颗粒。乙炔炭黑和硅粉反应过程中Si C通过扩散机制生成,碳颗粒的粒度决定了生成的Si C的粒度。     

Nanostructured WC–Co particles produced by carbonization of spark eroded powder: Synthesis and characterization

Particles of homogeneous elementary composition are formed by spark erosion of a WC–Co hard alloy in a special assembly. The average particle diameter is 4.0 μm, and the specific surface area is 3.33 m²/g. The powder was carbonized for 4 h in CO gas. The particles produced by carbonization consist of a WC frame, with cobalt situated in WC interlayers. The thickness of WC layers in most of the particles ranges from 10 to 200 nm. The microhardness of these particles (HV = 23.7 ± 4.2 GPa) exceeds the microhardness of the initial standard hard alloy (HV = 15.47 ± 1.71 GPa).