沈阳:计划用水依法管水

以创建全国节水型城市为契机，沈阳市城市节水管理力度也在不断加强，目前，沈阳市工业用水单位已基本纳入计划用水管理范围，对日供水量5立方米以上的大生活用水单位也逐步实行了计划管理。在工业用水方面，积极采用循环用水、一水多用、串联使用和污水处理回用等节水技术措施，使全市工业用水重复利用率达到80％，间接冷却水循环利用率达到95．5％，城市污水处理率达到81％．工业废水排放达标率达到100％。     

日本历史环境保护的理论与实践——法律、政策与公众参与

历史环境是指与一定范围的土地密切相关的历史文化遗产构成一体的实体环境状态,它与居民的精神生活息息相关,1966年日本制定了《古都保存法》来保护古都的“历史风上”,1975年修订了《文化财保护法》,创立了“传统建造物群保存地区”制度,对一般城镇内的历史街区以及以村落聚落景观为代表的历史环境进行切实保护与合理再利用。70年代又对全国综合开发规划中的国土政策进行了重大调整,在这人转变过程中,历史保护运动中的公众参与和地方自治体条例起了积极的推动作用。     

城市居民用水量规律实证研究

通过对不同小区远传水表数据的分析研究,得出了试验居民区不同时段用水量以及平均用水量和日用水量的实际变化规律。     

The inter-relationship of water quantity and quality as a determinant of water management policy

Comprehensive water resources management includes a variety of factors, among which are water quantity and quality, institutional and legal aspects, and economics. Even though water quality has begun to attain some prominence, its relation to water quantity and to water system operation has been largely overlooked.

The Colorado River system in the United States is a case in point. The river basin encompasses an area which is one-twelfth the size of the continental United States. The water is utilized mainly for irrigation of semi-arid areas in the southwestern part of the United States and in northwestern Mexico. Despite its importance, the river system operates under laws and regulations that are not condusive to efficiency. Consequently water is used wastefully and a progressive deterioration in the quality of the river water is evident.

Changes in water management are recommended. The pricing of supplied water according to its quality as well as charges for pollution are suggested.     

城市滨水区开发利用保护政策法规研究——以汉口沿江地区再开发为例

分析了城市滨水区再开发性质及其资源特征 ;以武汉市汉口沿江历史地区为例 ,讨论了滨水区再开发进程中的主要政策法规问题 ;借鉴国外经验 ,研究提出了城市滨水区开发利用保护的政策法规体系及实施对策。     

The role of knowledge in water service coproduction and policy implications

More than 50 years after the seminal studies of Elinor Ostrom, the concept of water service “coproduction” is of interest due to its ability to achieve a delicate balance of governance in the sector. This novel analysis applies a systematic literature review to the water coproduction policies to identify the factors that promote their successful development. The results show that knowledge is the decisive element for newly shared governance. From this study, implications for water management and research are derived.     

水泵比例定律在供暖空调工程中的应用分析

通过分析指出,水泵变速工况符合比例定律的工程条件为:无背压系统,所有并联水泵同时变速(包括单台泵系统变速),管路特性曲线不改变。水泵变速节能分析应当依据实现同一流量目标条件下,水泵变速调节与其他流量调节方式的能耗比较,而不应当与设计工况比较。     

中国水工业发展经济政策体系浅析

针对市场经济向新兴的水工业提出的挑战，分析水工业发展的经济政策的现状和存在的问题，阐述了具有中国特色的市场经济条件下的水工业经济政策体系应包括的内容，并提出了推动我国水工业发展的具体建议。     

浅谈城市滨水空间开发策略

通过对滨水空间资源价值的系统分析评价,了解其价值的开发条件和约束条件,制定了成功的开发策略,以指导规划和建设活动理性而有效地开展。     

居民递增型阶梯水价政策有效性研究

探讨了现行阶梯水价政策的主要内涵,从节约资源、成本补偿、社会公平三方面,阐述了居民递增型阶梯水价的政策目标,并分析了其实施效果,最后提出了深化阶梯水价改革的策略。     

用时空Kriging方法预测地下水水质的演化规律

研究了时空Kriging方法模拟预测地下水水质的问题,并给出了应用实例,实验结果证明,在一定条件下采用地质统计学方法比用有限元或有限差等数值方法更为有效。     

Failure mode effects and criticality analysis of water supply systems' risks: Path to water resources planning and policy

The risk assessment of drinking-water supply systems in Ogun State, Nigeria, was carried out using the failure mode effects and criticality analysis (FMECA) approach. The FMECA is a systemic process that identifies potentials failure modes within a system and was chosen for its causes and effect approach to assessing risks. The objective of the study was to assess drinking-water supply systems and identify water supply systems' risks from source to point-of-use. Three major water supply sources were selected for assessment: hand-dug wells, boreholes and public water supply sources. The sources were assessed by identifying the potential failure modes that exist within the water supply sources and the consequence of the identified risks on relevant stakeholders. The sources were divided into modules. The risk in each module was determined by multiplying failure rate (likelihood) and consequences of failure of the module. Risk reduction options include repair and maintenance measures, information dissemination on the procedures to reduce the identified risks and preventive and regulatory approaches. The resulting risks were characterized using FMECA risk matrix of each water source and classified into high, medium and low risks. Well cover and lining were the most risk-prone modules for hand-dug wells (high and medium risks). Broken well cover and lining serve as pathways to contaminants into the well. Casing and screen modules posed the highest risk for boreholes, recording high to medium risk. Cracked casing and broken screen provide access for contamination into boreholes. The module with the greatest risk for public water supply source was the point-of-abstraction/use module. Unsanitary containers and poor storage conditions is believed to be responsible for recontamination of the treated water Climate variability, environmental and anthropogenic influences were observed to be responsible for most of the identified risks. The study highlights that consumer participation is vital in ensuring the availability of safe drinking-water, stressing consumer education as the most important channel. The study recommends the use of FMECA to ensure implementing preventive and regulatory measures by water monitoring agencies and for water resources planning and policy making.     

Priority water research questions as determined by UK practitioners and policy makers

Several recent studies have emphasised the need for a more integrated process in which researchers, policy makers and practitioners interact to identify research priorities. This paper discusses such a process with respect to the UK water sector, detailing how questions were developed through inter-disciplinary collaboration using online questionnaires and a stakeholder workshop. The paper details the 94 key questions arising, and provides commentary on their scale and scope. Prioritisation voting divided the nine research themes into three categories: (1) extreme events (primarily flooding), valuing freshwater services, and water supply, treatment and distribution [each > 150/1109 votes]; (2) freshwater pollution and integrated catchment management [100-150 votes] and; (3) freshwater biodiversity, water industry governance, understanding and managing demand and communicating water research [50-100 votes]. The biggest demand was for research to improve understanding of intervention impacts in the water environment, while a need for improved understanding of basic processes was also clearly expressed, particularly with respect to impacts of pollution and aquatic ecosystems. Questions that addressed aspects of appraisal, particularly incorporation of ecological service values into decision making, were also strongly represented. The findings revealed that sustainability has entered the lexicon of the UK water sector, but much remains to be done to embed the concept operationally, with key sustainability issues such as resilience and interaction with related key sectors, such as energy and agriculture, relatively poorly addressed. However, the exercise also revealed that a necessary condition for sustainable development, effective communication between scientists, practitioners and policy makers, already appears to be relatively well established in the UK water sector.