Host records of five species of Platygastrinae (Hymenoptera,Platygastroidea: Platygastridae) from the United States,with the description of two new species of Platygaster

Platygaster tephrosiae sp. nov and P. vaccinii sp. nov. are described, with host information for these and for three further species of Platygastrinae: Metanopedias eupatorii Buhl, Platygaster munita Walker, and Trichacis virginiensis Ashmead. Hitherto undocumented galls on Galium circaezans Michx., Tephrosia virginiana (L.) Pers., and Vaccinium angustifolium Ait. are illustrated.     

New species of Platygastrinae and Sceliotrachelinae (Hymenoptera,Platygastroidea: Platygastridae) from Australia

The following 20 species and one new subgenus are described as new to science: Acerotella australica, Amblyaspis canberrensis, Amitus teres, Leptacis australica, L. gloriosa, L. piliclava, L. powerae, Metanopedias australicus, Platygaster amblyaspoides, P. (Austroplatygaster subgen. n.) breviclava, P. gibsoni, P. mediolobata, P. pilosithorax, Synopeas alternatum, S. bangmadseni, S. carlseni, S. eucalypti, S. salicorniae, S. striolagaster and S. triangulatum.     

Three new reared species of Platygaster (Hymenoptera,Platygastroidea: Platygastridae) from the United States

Three new species, Platygaster pruni, Platygaster uvulariae, and Platygaster vitisiellae, are described with information about their cecidomyiid hosts.     

Keys to species of Ceratacis and Synopeas from New Zealand,with the description of new species (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae)

Fifteen species new to science are described, viz. Ceratacis capitata, Ceratacis newzealandica, Ceratacis valentinei, Synopeas densisetosum, Synopeas denticorne, Synopeas elegans, Synopeas kristenseni, Synopeas lanuginosum, Synopeas marrisi, Synopeas motuhoropapense, Synopeas occipitocarinatum, Synopeas ramsayi, Synopeas terrestre, Synopeas trifolii, and Synopeas wardi. Keys to the hereby known N.Z. species of Ceratacis and Synopeas are provided.     

Two new species of Platygastrinae (Platygastridae) and the unknown female of Isolia indica (Sceliotrachelinae) from South India

Two new species, Trichacoides ranganabettensis sp. nov. Veenakumari & Buhl and Platygaster neostriatitergitis sp. nov. Veenakumari & Buhl are described from South India. The unknown female of Isolia indica is also described.     

First record of Platygaster luteipes Buhl (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) from leaf galls on black pepper along with first report of the species from India.

Platygaster luteipes Buhl (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) is reported for the first time from India. Several specimens of both sexes of the species were reared from the globular galls on mature leaves of black pepper. The hitherto undescribed male of the species is characterized and illustrated.     

A new species of Platygaster (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) reared from Orseolia javanica (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on cogon grass,Imperata cylindrica (Poaceae)

Platygaster orseoliae sp. n. is described from West Java, Indonesia, reared from Orseolia javanica on cogon grass, Imperata cylindrica, with information on the parasitism rate of P. orseoliae and of other parasitoid wasp species reared from O. javanica in connection with the present study. The affinities of P. orseoliae are discussed, and the rearing method is briefly described.     

国内减水剂新品种的研究与发展(续)

本文介绍了我国近来混凝土减水剂新产品的研究开发情况,对已经使用多年的木质素碘酸盐减水剂进行了优化改性,对高效减水剂的合成工艺进行了分子结构调整改性。探索了一些新型的减水剂生产研究。使我国减水剂在性能及品种上已与国际水平进一步接近。     

项目工程新技术新材料新工艺的应用分析

结合实践经验,根据行业的技术创新、工艺创新等研究成果,对项目工程采用的一些新技术、新材料及新工艺进行了介绍,阐述了它们在工程建设中所具有的优势,促使工程建设更好、更快地发展。     

华扭螱属(Sinocapritermes)一新种(等翅目:螱科)

1986年4月,作者在浙江省天目山自然保护区采集的一种扭(尉虫)族(Capritermitini)标本,原拟归入基扭(尉虫)属CoxocapritermesAkhtar,现见平正明和徐月莉(1986)发表的华扭(尉虫)属新属(Sinocapritermes),其属征如下所示: 1.兵(尉虫),头亮被毛适度至较密。头长     

新时期的县（市）域城镇体系规划

从六个不同方面,对我国加速城镇化时期,县（市）域城镇体系规划的重要性进行了分析,针对目前县（市）域城镇体系规划编制中的部分不足之处,提出了两点建议,以完善新时期的县（市）域城镇体系规划。     

Nature reserve selection on forest fragments in a suburban landscape (Rome, Central Italy): indications from a set of avian species

A set of avian forest species, known from the literature as fragmentation-sensitive, was considered as the target in nature reserve planning following a conceptual framework. Their abundance was investigated in an 'archipelago' of oak woodland fragments embedded in a suburban landscape matrix of central Italy. None of the four species were found in any wood fragment smaller than 10 ha. The presence/absence analysis of woodland fragments studied showed that the study species were present, however, in larger fragments, highlighting the strategic role of habitat size and isolation for the persistence of these species at local scale. Species numbers and their total abundance were significantly and directly correlated to overall species richness of each fragment: in this landscape context our study species shows characteristics of serving as focus and surrogate species of bird richness. The selected species are area-sensitive and poor dispersers: however, they are still relatively widespread, at a regional scale. Although the abundance of individual species may be affected by stochastic factors, total abundance of this forest bird guild may constitute a useful dependent variable that can provide rapid quantitative data needed for planning strategies at local scales.     

新技术和新材料在建筑设计中的运用探讨

随着社会的进步和发展,我国的科研技术也有了很大的进步,当前的建筑设计也广泛的采用着新技术和新材料,并且建筑设计的理念也逐渐向着保护生态环境的方向前进,因为在当前社会我们赖以生存空间中环境问题越来越突出,所以社会各界也渐渐的重视生态和人民的和谐相处。那么在建筑设计中广泛的采用新技术和新材料来减少有害物质的排放和提升人民的生活质量成为推动建筑工程顺利发展的基础。本文将以新技术和新材料在建筑设计中的运用为主题展开研究和分析,通过详细的了解新技术和新材料在建筑设计中的具体应用来实现建筑设计的环保理念。     

Effects of oral exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on the development and metamorphosis of two amphibian species (Xenopus laevis and Rana temporaria)

This study examined the effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on development of families of amphibians using the African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) and the European common frog (Rana temporaria). Amphibians were orally exposed to the technical PCB-mixture Clophen A50 or to the non-ortho-3,3',4,4',5-CB congener (PCB 126) either for a 10-day period or until metamorphosis. Occurrence and rate of malformations, mortality, period until metamorphosis and thyroid hormone levels were measured. Mortality increased in a dose-dependent manner, as did the rates of malformation. Time until metamorphic transformation was prolonged and the weight of froglets was increased. Although not statistically significant, thyroid hormone levels were also lowered. PHAHs such as PCBs may affect important aspects of amphibian fitness and may influence amphibian reproductive success.     

Species number, historical elements and protection of threatened species in the flora of Helsinki, Finland

Recent urban ecological research shows high species numbers in slowly developed cities and towns. Urban development is known to fragment, change and weaken urban biodiversity. Conservation areas have been the main tool in protecting threatened species both in rural and urban municipalities in Finland. However, very little is known about how successful conservation areas are in protecting rare and threatened species and their habitats in boreal cities and towns. Helsinki, the capital of Finland, is a rapidly urbanising hemiboreal city, which has a high number of vascular plant species in both native and urban biotopes. One and 0.25 km² grid square maps and simple overlay methods are being used to analyse data on species occurrence and land use. Total species number, a rarity index and historical and threatened groupings are used to classify species and their habitats. At present, conservation areas can protect only a small proportion of threatened species in Helsinki. More protection areas, green areas in future land-use decisions and new management goals are needed to protect the biodiversity of existing vascular plant species.     

The Nile monitor (Varanus niloticus; Squamata: Varanidae) as a sentinel species for lead and cadmium contamination in sub-Saharan wetlands

Wetland pollution is a matter of concern in sub-Saharan Africa. Though regularly exploited, the Nile monitor (Varanus niloticus), a large amphibious lizard, is not threatened. This work aims at assessing the value of this varanid as a sentinel species in surveys of environmental contamination by metals. Lead and cadmium quantifications were performed by graphite furnace-atomic absorption spectrophotometry in bone, intestine, kidney, liver and muscle in 71 monitors from three unevenly polluted sites in Mali and Niger, plus a reference site. The effects of sex, size and fat reserves as well as factors related to the sampling strategy (tissue sampled, sampling site) were studied with a mixed linear model. Metal contamination is moderate at the four sites but clear differences nevertheless occur. Lead levels are generally maximal in bone, with a gender-independent median value 320 ng.g⁻¹. Median cadmium concentrations never exceed 70.2 ng.g⁻¹ in females (kidney) and 57.5 ng.g⁻¹ in males (intestine). Such levels should have no detrimental effects on the monitors. Lead and cadmium levels in muscles are generally below 200 and 20 ng.g⁻¹, respectively, and should provoke no health hazard to occasional consumers of monitor meat. Metal organotropisms are consistent with those observed in other studies about Squamates: for lead: bone > [kidney, intestine, liver] > muscle in males and [bone, kidney] > [intestine, liver] > muscle in females; for cadmium: [liver, intestine, kidney] > [bone, muscle] for both genders. Females are more contaminated, especially in their kidneys. In this tissue, median values in ng.g⁻¹ are 129.7 and 344.0 for lead and 43.0 and 70.2 for cadmium, for males and females, respectively. Nile monitors can reveal subtle differences in local pollution by metals; moreover, the spatial resolution of the pollution indication that they give seems to be very sharp. The practical relevance of this new tool is thus validated.     

新技术新材料在某住院楼工程中的推广应用

针对孝义市人民医院的工程特点,阐述了该工程的质量目标和施工目标,对施工中采用的混凝土裂缝防治措施、高效钢筋应用技术、新型模板应用技术、钢结构应用及安装技术等进行了分析,指出通过新技术新材料的应用,工程质量达到了优良标准.     

A new inorganic-organic composite coagulant, consisting of Polyferric Sulphate (PFS) and Polyacrylamide (PAA)

Currently, research is focused on the synthesis of new composite coagulants, which are constituted of both inorganic and organic materials. In this paper, the development of relevant reagents was investigated, by combining the inorganic pre-polymerised iron-based coagulant Polyferric Sulphate (PFS) with an organic, non-ionic polymer (Polyacrylamide, PAA) under different PAA/Fe (mg/l) and OH/Fe molar ratios. Moreover, the new reagents were characterised in terms of typical properties, stability and morphological analysis (XRD, FTIR, SEM). Their coagulation performance, when treating low or high turbid kaolin-humic acid suspensions, was also investigated, whereas the applied coagulation mechanisms were discussed by using the Photometric Dispersion Analysis (PDA) analysis. The results show that the new coagulation reagents present improved properties, including increased effective polymer species concentration, and they exhibit very good stability. The respective tests using PDA confirmed that the predominant coagulation mechanism of PFS-PAA is the bridge formation mechanism. Coagulation experiments in low or high turbid kaolin-humic acid suspensions reveal that the novel composite reagent PFS-PAA exhibits better coagulation performance, when compared with simple PFS, in terms of zeta-potential reduction, turbidity and organic matter removal and residual iron concentration.     

The toxic effects of trinitrotoluene (TNT) and its primary degradation products on two species of algae and the fathead minnow

The effects of alpha trinitrotoluene (alpha TNT) and its primary degradation product (TNTcc), commonly referred to as “pink water”, were determined on members of two trophic levels. The growth responses of the algae Selenastrum capricornutum and Microcystis aeruginosa were examined through static bioassays. Death and behavioral responses of the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) were determined using a proportional diluter. Alpha TNT and TNTcc were both more toxic to the fathead minnow than to either species of alga. Five and 15 mg l⁻¹ alpha TNT inhibited S. capricornutum and M. aeruginosa growth, respectively. TNTcc inhibited S. capricornutum growth at concentrations above 9 mg l⁻¹; it was lethal to M. aeruginosa at 50 mg l⁻¹, but stimulated growth at lower concentrations. The 96-h lc₅₀ values based on the death response of the fathead minnow to alpha TNT and TNTcc were 2.58 and 1.60 mg l⁻¹, respectively. The 96-h ec₅₀ values based on the behavioral responses were 0.46 and 0.64 mg l⁻¹, respectively. There was no response to concentrations of 0.05 mg l⁻¹ alpha TNT and 0.07 mg l⁻¹ TNTcc.