碳包覆CdS纳米颗粒的光学性能研究

采用水热法制备了核壳结构的碳包覆CdS纳米颗粒(CdS@C),利用X射线衍射、高分辨透射电子显微镜和光谱仪研究了碳包覆层对CdS@C的微观结构与光学性能影响.结果表明,碳包覆CdS纳米颗粒具有明显的核壳结构,内核为六方纤锌矿结构CdS,外壳为碳层.颗粒形貌主要为球形或椭球形结构,粒度均匀,分散性良好,粒径分布在20～6...     

超细Ni-C核-壳纳米颗粒的制备及其磁学和微波吸收性能

以乙酰酮丙镍为原料,通过金属有机物化学气相沉积,合成超细Ni-C核-壳纳米颗粒。采用XRD、Raman光谱仪、TEM和多功能物理测试系统对合成的纳米颗粒的物相、结构和磁学性能进行表征。这种超细纳米颗粒外表包覆一层厚度1~3 nm的C层,内部Ni核的平均粒径为13 nm。磁学测试表明,超细Ni-C核-壳纳米颗粒的饱和磁矩为24.5 emu/g,矫顽力为65.5 Oe,远低于直径超过20 nm的Ni-C核-壳纳米颗粒的对应值。微波吸收测试表明,超细Ni-C核-壳纳米颗粒和石蜡的混合物的最小反射损失值(RL_(min))为-48.7 d B,有效带宽(BW_(eff),RL≤-10dB)为7.4 GHz,是一种非常具有潜力的微波吸收材料。     

Ag包覆Fe复合纳米粉体的制备及导电导磁性能研究

用化学镀法,以葡萄糖和甲醛的混合液为还原剂,制备了Ag包覆Fe复合纳米粉体,并用制备的复合纳米粉作为导电导磁相,制备了导电导磁胶。用透射电子显微观察和X射线衍射表征了Ag包覆Fe复合纳米粉体的结构、形貌和粒度分布,用直流低电阻测试仪、振动样品磁强计研究了导电导磁胶的导电导磁性能。结果表明:制备的Ag包覆Fe复合纳米颗粒具有壳核结构(纳米Fe为核、Ag为壳),复合纳米颗粒粒度分布为50~120 nm,通过电镜测得Ag层的厚度约为2 nm。用Ag包覆Fe复合纳米粉制备的导电导磁胶的电阻率为2.66×10~(-4)~8.9×10~(-4)?·cm、饱和磁化强度18.5~38.6 A·m~2·kg~(-1)。     

化学气相沉积法制备核/壳结构Co/C纳米颗粒的结构与热稳定性

以乙酰丙酮钴为原料,采用单步金属有机物化学气相沉积法,在600~800℃温度下制备碳包覆钴的核/壳结构Co/C纳米颗粒。利用X射线衍射、透射电镜和Raman光谱仪等对合成产物的元素组成和结构进行表征,研究合成温度对产物形貌和结构的影响,分析Co/C核/壳纳米颗粒的形成机理,并通过差式扫描量热分析/热重分析研究产物的热稳定性。结果表明,不同反应温度下的产物中,Co核的粒径均在10~60 nm之间,C壳层的厚度在10~20 nm之间。随合成温度从600℃升至800℃,Co核由HCP和FCC的混合结构逐步转变为单一的FCC结构,而C层的结晶度逐渐升高。核/壳结构Co/C纳米颗粒在空气气氛下从250℃开始缓慢氧化,结晶度高的C壳层对Co核具有更好的保护作用。     

CoO包覆的Co纳米颗粒的磁滞回线的横向及纵向偏移

利用等离子体-气体冷凝方法制备了具有核-壳结构的Co纳米颗粒，并对其结构和磁性进行了研究。结果表明纳米颗粒的尺寸均匀，平均直径约为20nm，表面包覆着CoO壳层。在CoO壳层和Co核间存在着交换偏置效应。经过磁场冷却，在低温测量的纳米颗粒的磁滞回线不只在横轴方向，在纵轴方向也存在着明显的偏移，并且在横向偏移量和纵向偏移量间存在着线性关系。交换偏置效应和磁滞回线的纵向偏移应该起源于CoO壳层中未被补偿的冻结自旋。根据交换偏置效应的未补偿自旋模型，对Co纳米颗粒的磁场冷却磁滞回线的横向偏移量和纵向偏移量间的线性关系进行了解释。     

非均相沉淀法制备铜包覆纳米SiO2复合粉体

采用非均相沉积法,利用Cu^＋的歧化反应,在纳米SiO2表面沉积包覆一层Cu,制备铜包覆纳米SiO2复合粉体,并研究pH值对包覆效果的影响。通过扫描电镜（SEM）、电子能谱仪（EDS）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）和透射电镜（TEM）分析复合粉体的形貌、成分和结构。结果表明：Cu包覆纳米SiO2复合颗粒分散均匀,粒径约200nm,粒内均匀分布着纳米SiO2颗粒,且被铜包覆隔离;在反应温度为50℃,pH=2～3条件下利于形成核-壳结构的复合粉体。     

化学镀法制备金属铜包覆纳米碳化硅

采用化学镀法制备出金属Cu包覆SiC的复合颗粒.按照一定比例配制化学镀液,控制施镀过程中体系pH 值在12 左右,施镀时间在20min 之内,并改变装载量,制备出了不同包覆度的复合颗粒.通过XRD、扫描电镜、透射电镜和EDS 等进行研究,发现纳米SiC 表面包覆上了一层金属铜层,形成了SiC-Cu 壳核复合颗粒,金属铜粒径大约为5nm.     

多孔道磁金复合纳米粒子(Fe_3O_4-Au/pSiO_2)的制备及结构表征

采用分步包覆法制备了具有多核壳结构的磁金复合纳米粒子Fe3O4-Au/pSiO2,所得纳米粒子单分散性好,粒径较均匀,平均粒径为150nm。经过表面保护刻蚀处理后,粒子包覆层呈多孔道结构,平均孔径为7.3nm。由于多孔道包覆层的存在,磁金复合纳米粒子出现了位于536nm处金的表面等离子体共振峰,表明其具有一定的光通透性。与未刻蚀纳米粒子相比,刻蚀后的多孔道纳米粒子的饱和磁化强度提高了13.3emu/g,达到49.6emu/g。     

冷冻干燥法制备纳米Al_2O_3包覆W复合粉体

用冷冻干燥法合成了包覆型粉体,与传统方法相比,无需以纳米或微米级核颗粒为前提,过程简单,成本低。以偏钨酸铵和硫酸铝为原料,经喷雾预冻、真空冷冻干燥获得W/Al混合盐冻干前驱体,分段还原得到纳米Al2O3包覆W的复合粉体。采用XRD、IR、SEM等测试技术分析了样品的物相组成、结构、形貌,探讨了包覆结构的形成机理。结果表明:合成的包覆粉体是由40nm左右Al2O3颗粒均匀的包覆在1μm左右W颗粒表面。包覆结构的形成过程分为三个阶段:W晶粒的形核生长,非晶铝氧化合物包覆层的形成,Al2O3的非均匀形核生长。     

SiO_2包覆稀土上转换纳米晶的可控合成及发光性能研究

采用溶剂热法合成了粒径在20 nm~30 nm的形貌均一的球形NaYF_4∶Yb,Er纳米晶。通过调节不同配比,合成了SiO_2层厚度为8 nm及10 nm的具有良好水溶性的UCNs@SiO_2纳米材料。考察了不同配方比对SiO_2层包裹厚度及发光性能的影响。利用透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、荧光光谱仪等对样品进行了表征,结果表明该材料核-壳结构明显、形貌均一、结构稳定,在980 nm的激发下保持了良好上转换发光特性。     

Nd3+-sensitized upconversion nanoparticle coated with antimony shell for bioimaging and photothermal therapy in vitro using single laser irradiation

Combining treatment and diagnosis, called theranostics, which is achieved within single nanoparticle is an ultimate goal of many studies. Herein, we developed a new nanotheranostic agent ? Nd³⁺-sensitized upconversion nanoparticles core for dual modal imaging (i.e., upconversion luminescence imaging and magnetic resonance imaging) and antimony nanoshell for photothermal therapy (PTT). The core-shell-shell upconversion nanoparticles (NaYF₄:Yb,Er@NaYF₄:Yb,Nd@NaGdF₄:Nd, named as UCNP) were firstly synthesized using thermal decomposition method and then were coated by antimony shell over the surface of UCNP using simple cost and time effective new method. Furthermore, the surface of UCNP@Sb nanostructures was modified with DSPE-PEG in order to enhance the water solubility and biocompatibility. The final nanotheranostic agent, named as UCNP@Sb-PEG, exhibits very low toxicity, good biocompatibility, very good photothermal therapeutic effect, and efficient upconversion luminescence (UCL) imaging of HeLa cells under only one laser (808 nm) irradiation. The antimony shell is quenching the upconversion emission in pristine nanotheranostic agent, but interestingly, the UCL intensity of the agent recovers progressively under 808 nm laser irradiation due to light induced degradability of antimony shell. Besides, high longitudinal relaxivity (r₁) obtained from the experiment approves excellent potential of the nanotheranostic agent for T₁-weighted magnetic resonance imaging application.     

Synthesis of Ce:YAG Phosphor via Homogeneous Precipitation under Microwave Irradiation

Ultra-fine Ce:YAG phosphors were prepared by homogeneous precipitation under microwave irradiation method. The formation of Ce:YAG was investigated by means of XRD and DTA/TG. The purified YAG crystallized phase was obtained at a lower temperature (1100 ℃). Basically spherical Ce:YAG powders were indicated from TEM images, and the size of the particles is about 80 nm. Two peaks of 436 and 473 nm can be seen from the excitation spectrum in the range of 402～510 nm. A broad emission band located at 480～630 nm shows the phosphors prepared by this method have good emission properties.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Cerium-Doped Lutetium Aluminum Garnet Phosphors by Nitrate-citrate Sol-Gel Combustion Process

Nanosized cerium-doped lutetium aluminum garnet （LuAG：Ce） phosphors were prepared by nitrate-citrate solgel combustion process using 1：1 ratio of the citrate：nitrate. The prepared LuAG：Ce phosphors were characterized by XRD, TEM, photoluminescence and radioluminescence spectra excited by UV and X-ray, respectively. The purified crystalline phase of LuAG：Ce was obtained at 900 ℃ by directly crystallizing from amorphous materials. The resultant Lu- AG：Ce phosphors were uniform and had good dispersivity with an average particle size of about 30 urn. Both photoluminescence and radioluminescence were well-known Ce^3＋ emissions located in the range of 470 -600 nm consisting of two emission bands because of the transition from the lowest 5d excited state （2D） to the 4f ground state of Ce^3＋, which matched well with the sensitivity curve of the Si-photodiode. There was a little red shift for the emission components from the UV-excited emission spectrum to the X-ray-excited emission spectrum. The fast scintillation decay component of 26 ns satisfies the requirements of fast scintillators.     

Luminescence properties of BaAl₁₂O₁₉:Tb,Ce and energy transfer between Ce³⁺,Tb³⁺

BaAl12O19:Tb,Ce phosphors were prepared by sol-gel technique,the crystalline structures of samples characterized by XRD,and the luminescence properties and energy transfer between Ce3+ and Tb3+ were investigated.The results indicated that the emission intensity and the excitation wavelength range of Tb3+ increased when Ce3+ was doped.It demonstrated that the Ce3+ added in the BaAl12O19:Tb could deliver energy to Tb3+,and Ce3+ was not luminous by itself.The relative emission intensity of Tb3+ at wavelength of 548 nm was the strongest by Tb3+/Ce3+ ratio of 2:1,when excited at 310 nm,which was the characteristic adsorption wavelength of Ce3+.     

Preparation and upconversion luminescence of monodisperse Y2O2S:Yb/Ho-silica/aminosilane core-shell nanoparticles

Y2O2S:Yb/Ho-silica/aminosilane core-shell nanoparticles were prepared by a solid-gas method in combination with polyvinylpyr-rolidone assisted one-step ammoniating method. The core was a single Y2O2S:Yb/Ho with 80 nm in diameter and the shell was silica/aminosilane with around 5 nm in thickness. The results of sedimentation experiment indicated that the nanoparticles could be well-dispersed in ethanol and water to form stable colloids. Since the coating weakened lattice vibration energies of the Y2O2S:Yb/Ho...     

Combustion synthesis of Ce~（3＋）, Eu~（3＋） and Dy~（3＋） activated NaCaPO_4 phosphors

The preparation of NaCaPO4 doped with rare earth (RE) ions Ce3+, Eu3+ and Dy3+ by combustion method was described. Under UV excitation (251 nm) of NaCaPO4:Ce3+ showsd emission (367 nm) in UV range. When NaCaPO4:Dy3+ phosphor was excited at 349 nm, the emission spectrum showed intense bands at 482 nm (blue) and 576 nm (yellow). In Eu activated NaCaPO4 phosphor, the emission spectrum showed a dominant peak at 594 nm (orange) while others were at 614 and 621 nm (red) when excited at 393 nm. The prepared phosph...     

CrAlN/VN多层膜调制比对涂层性能的影响

为开发适用于干式切削的既硬又润滑的涂层,采用磁控溅射工艺制备调制周期厚度为20nm的CrAlN/VN多层膜结构涂层,研究不同CrAlN/VN调制比对涂层性能的影响;利用场发式电子探针(FE-EPMA)、掠入射X射线衍射分析仪(GIXRD)、场发式扫描电镜(FE-SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)表征涂层的微观结构和化学组成;利用纳米压痕仪表征涂层的纳米硬度和弹性模量;利用Ball-on-disc磨耗试验仪表征涂层的摩擦因数。结果表明:当CrAlN/VN的调制比为1∶2时,涂层具有最高硬度(21.8GPa);涂层与碳化钨合金的摩擦因数最低为0.26。随着CrAlN/VN调制比的增大或减小,伴随着CrAlN或VN子层厚度减薄,涂层的硬度有增强的趋势;随着VN含量的增加,涂层的摩擦因数略有下降。     

Hydrothermal synthesis,structure study and luminescent properties of YbPO₄:Tb³⁺ nanoparticles

YbPO4:Tb3+ were synthesized by mild hydrothermal method.The luminescent properties,morphologies and structure of the obtained powders were characterized by photoluminescence(PL) spectra,FESEM,X-ray diffractometer(XRD) and FTIR.The results showed that the prepared YbPO4:Tb3+ nanoparticles were pure tetragonal phase and the average grain size varied with increasing of Tb3+ concentration.Hydrothermal temperature was revealed to be the key factor to enhance the emission intensity of YbPO4:Tb3+ phosphors.The spherical nanoparticles could be effectively excited by near UV(369 nm) light and exhibited green performance at 543 nm(5D4→7F5),489 nm(5D4→7F6) and 586 nm(5D4→7F4).The CIE chromaticity was calculated to be x=0.298,y=0.560.The YbPO4:Tb3+ nanoparticles exhibited potential to act as UV absorber for solar cells to enhance the conversion efficiency.     

Synthesis and characterization of YAG:Ce³⁺ fluorescence powders by co-precipitation method

YAG:Ce3+(Yttrium aluminum garnet) fluorescence powders were successfully prepared by co-precipitation method using aluminum nitrate,yttrium nitrate,cerous nitrate as the starting materials and ammonium carbonate as precipitant.The products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction,luminescence spectrometer,transmission electron microscope(TEM).The XRD results showed that the obtained YAG:Ce3+ fluorescence powders had the crystalline structures of YAG at calcinations temperature of 900 oC and the TEM results showed that the grain diameters were about 100 nm.The YAG:Ce3+ fluorescence powders,synthesized by co-precipitation method,had the best luminescence property when the Ce doping amount was x=0.06 in the molecular formula of Y3-xCexAl5O12,the calcinations time was 2 h and the calcinations temperature was 1000 °C.