有机玻璃板材高低温力学行为试验研究

在温度为80～130℃、应变率为0.001～0.01/s的范围内通过WDW万能试验机对PMMA板材进行了恒应变率下的单轴拉伸试验。结果表明,PMMA板材力学行为具有明显的温度和应变率效应,玻璃态时其真应力-真应变曲线存在明显的非线性;玻璃化转变区以上时其真应力-真应变曲线近似呈线性关系。     

有机玻璃板材高低温力学行为试验研究

摘要在温度为80-130℃、应变率为0.001-0．01／s的范围内通过WDW万能试验机对PMMA板材进行了恒应变率下的单轴拉伸试验。结果表明，PMMA板材力学行为具有明显的温度和应变率效应，玻璃态时其真应力一真应变曲线存在明显的非线性；玻璃化转变区以上时其真应力一真应变曲线近似呈线性关系。     

聚碳酸酯拉伸力学性能的应变率相关性实验

在MTS809材料试验机和自行研制的旋转盘式间接杆杆型冲击拉伸试验机上,对聚碳酸酯板材进行了准静态0.001s-1、0.01s-1、0.1s-1和高应变率400s-1、800s-1、1700s-1加载条件下的单向拉伸试验,得到了不同应变率下聚碳酸酯板材的拉伸工程应力-工程应变曲线。试验结果表明:聚碳酸酯的拉伸力学行为呈现明显的非线性变形特征;在文中实施的0.001s-1～1700s-1应变率加载范围内,聚碳酸酯拉伸力学性能具有明显的应变率相关性,其屈服应力和与屈服应力相对应的失稳应变均随应变率的增加有显著的增大。     

GH5188合金板材高温拉伸变形流动行为与本构方程研究

目的 研究GH5188合金板材高温拉伸变形流动行为,为高温合金板材高温成形工艺的制定和优化提供指导。方法 基于GH5188合金板材高温拉伸试验,分析了变形工艺参数对GH5188合金板材高温拉伸变形时真应力、应变速率敏感性指数和应变硬化指数的影响规律,建立了本构模型对其流动行为进行描述和预测。结果 GH5188合金板材高温拉伸变形流动行为受应变硬化、流动软化和应变速率硬化的共同影响,其变形过程分为弹性变形、加工硬化、稳态流动和断裂4个阶段。随变形温度的升高和应变速率的降低,真应力减小。变形温度、应变速率和真应变对GH5188合金板材的应变速率敏感性指数和应变硬化指数具有显著影响。基于Johnson-Cook和Hensel-Spittel模型,建立了考虑应变硬化效应、流动软化效应和应变速率硬化效应耦合影响的GH5188合金板材高温拉伸变形本构模型(JC-HS模型),采用该模型预测的真应力与试验值的平均相对误差为6.02%。结论 建立的JC-HS模型能够较好地描述和预测GH5188合金板材的高温拉伸流动行为。     

5050铝合金板材高温流变行为研究

在303～673K的温度范围内和应变速率为0.001～0.1s-1下对5050铝合金薄板进行高温拉伸试验,研究了5050铝合金高温拉伸性能,以及该合金在升温条件下流变应力与变形温度、应变速率之间的关系.结果表明:5050铝合金的流变应力随温度的升高而降低,随应变速率的升高而升高;高温拉伸试样的伸长率随变形温度的升高而升...     

纯钛高应变率拉伸力学行为的实验研究

利用MTS809材料试验机和旋转盘式间接杆杆型冲击拉伸实验装置,对多晶纯钛进行了室温环境下应变率为0.001,0.01s-1的准静态和300,1400s-1的动态拉伸实验,获得了纯钛等温和绝热拉伸应力-应变曲线;实施了应变率为300s-1的冲击拉伸复元实验,获得了纯钛在高应变率下的等温应力-应变曲线。结果表明:纯钛的拉伸力学行为具有明显的应变硬化效应、应变率强化效应和绝热温升软化效应。采用修正的KHL模型较好地表征了纯钛在准静态和动态实验应变率范围内的拉伸力学行为。     

实时高温下与热处理后砂岩动态拉伸特性研究

为了开展实时高温下及加热冷却后岩石动态力学性质的对比研究,利用自行设计的加热装置结合SHPB系统对两种温度状态砂岩的动态拉伸特性进行试验研究,处理温度为常温(25℃)～600℃共7组.结果表明:砂岩的率效应在两种温度状态下都存在,热处理后的砂岩拉伸强度除100℃外都比常温状态小,且随着热处理温度的增大,拉伸强度减小,温...     

中高应变率和不同温度下离子型中间膜的拉伸力学性能及本构关系

为系统研究中高应变率和不同温度下离子型中间膜的拉伸力学性能,进行了1 s-1～800 s-1和-40℃～60℃下的系列动态拉伸试验.基于试验结果,确定了离子型中间膜的关键力学参数,并着重分析了温度和应变率的影响:随着应变率的升高和温度的降低,离子型中间膜的初始弹性模量、屈服强度和抗拉强度均普遍提高,但极限应变有所降低....     

钨合金材料动态拉伸性能与微观断裂机制关系的研究

测定了光滑和缺口钨合金材料在不同应变率下动态拉伸性能的变化规律，观察了材料断裂的微观机制。结果发现，光滑试样具有正应变率效应，缺口试样具有负应变率效应，在不同应变率下，两种试样的断裂方式没有明显的差别。     

316LN不锈钢高温拉伸颈缩区塑变行为

为准确测量颈缩发生后的应力-应变行为,本文综合物理实验、有限元模拟和MLR模型的方法确定颈缩区的塑变行为,建立316LN不锈钢高温本构模型.模型中,颈缩前的真应力-真应变呈幂函数关系,颈缩发生后,较低温度时应力随着应变的增加迅速下降,而当较高温度时应力随着应变的增加而缓慢下降,真应力-真应变呈非线性关系.基于MLR模型,修正了颈缩后不同温度、不同应变速率下的真应力-真应变曲线,并将有限元模拟的颈缩区长度与实测值相对比,相对偏差为4.73%.这说明修正后的应力-应变本构模型能够准确地描述316LN的高温塑性行为.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...