节能建筑施工技术及措施研究

近年来,节能减排技术的研究越来越受到世界各国的重视,节能建筑应运而生。节能建筑施工技术可以有效降低建筑行业的能耗、改善居住环境,对建筑行业的可持续性发展有重要意义。本文从多个方面论述了节能建筑施工技术及措施。     

“被动房”技术在我国老旧房屋改造中的应用

在全世界范围内可持续建筑的研究领域当中,"被动房"技术作为重要的研究对象,越来越受到国内建筑行业的重视。总体来说,"被动房"技术就是运用合理且环保的技术使建筑所需能源最小化,做到建筑热量损耗最小化。在我国,老旧房屋的改造已经在我国建筑行业占据较大比例,由于我国用于建筑的土地面积越来越少,而且国民渐渐意识到利用农耕用地作为建筑用地实为不妥,因此,改造老旧房屋应现阶段的行业"浪潮"的引导,渐渐成为我国现行建筑行业的主导。然而,老旧房屋改造技术执行时依旧还"传统",与我国"可持续发展"和"绿色建筑"理念仍有一定距离。因此,通过利用现行最为绿色的"被动房"技术与我国现行最为流行的老旧房屋改造相结合,改造出既适合我国国民居住又能很好地节约资源、合理经济的房屋是我国建筑行业的必然发展方向。     

工业化建造在可持续住宅中的应用

基于工业化建造方式的特征和可持续住宅对建造各个环节的要求,对工业化建造方式在可持续住宅中应用必要性进行分析.以工程案例为基础,分析其建造背景、设计原则、技术特征、材料选择及运行能耗效果,论证其可行性.总结工业化建造方式在可持续建筑中应用要点,供建筑师设计参考,以促进可持续建筑品质的提高.     

绿色建筑的评价与设计

在全球提倡可持续发展的背景下,建筑行业中关于绿色的话题得到了越来越多的关注。绿色建筑起源于对节能技术的研究,在各行各业研究发展节能技术、低能耗产品的同时,建筑行业也开始了对节能建筑的研究。随后,各国的绿色建筑评价标准陆续开始实施,其中,中国在2006年编制了《绿色建筑评价标准》,实行至今。在上述过程中,建筑师面临了众多问题与考验。首先是"绿色建筑"概念的明晰;其次是评价标准的确认;更为重要的是设计方法。如果建筑师可以全程实行绿色建筑的设计理念,中国大地上将遍布绿色建筑,美丽中国将成为现实!     

屋面工程节能类型的探讨

建筑工程是高投入、高能耗、高排放的粗放型行业,对我国实现国民经济的长期可持续发展已构成重大挑战.屋面节能工程是建筑节能分部的一个重要分项,仅从建筑节能的角度,认真概括和总结了各种类型建筑屋面节能的优点和存在的不足,并通过分析对比,认为采用土壤,种植(绿色)保温隔热屋面,对屋面节能的效果比较明显,应予推广应用.     

绿色建筑项目风险协同治理的演化博弈研究

绿色建筑比一般建筑面临着更多的风险,在推广绿色建筑的建筑行业大背景下,如何高效并合理地对绿色建筑项目的风险进行治理,对绿色建筑项目的成功普及和长远发展起到决定性的作用。采用复杂网络分析的方法,验证了绿色建筑项目参与者之间的风险具有很强的关联性,进而提出绿色建筑项目风险协同治理的思路;运用演化博弈理论对业主和承包商两大绿色建筑项目参与主体的协同行为进行了演化博弈分析,构建了绿色建筑项目风险协同治理的策略选择动态行为模型,找到了具有稳定性的演化博弈均衡解,并得出保证博弈双方同时采取协同风险治理策略的必要条件,根据演化博弈分析结果,提出了促进绿色建筑项目风险协同治理的方法及策略。     

英国模块化建筑中的工艺分析

在英国,模块化建筑是住宅产业化的主要模式,模块化建造的建筑在住宅楼宇、卫生和教育用建筑中已经占有相当大的市场份额。模块化施工速度快,环境污染小,工艺优秀,成本易控制,在国家可持续发展战略中占有重要地位。文章列述了模块化建筑的通用结构形式,以及模块化结构在高层建筑应用中的难点和技术分析。     

高层建筑施工安全问题及管控措施研究

近些年来建筑业获得了飞速的发展,其中一个较为突出的现状就是高层建筑变得越来越多。由于高层建筑自身构造的特点,导致了高层建筑施工技术具有较高的要求。因此,高层建筑施工安全问题就成为了人们关注的焦点所存。本文将围绕高层建筑施工安全问题展开进一步的讨论,并根据高层建筑构造复杂化和功能实用化的特点,提出了我们必须强化对于高层建筑施工安令的管控措施,遏制伟高层建筑施工安全隐患发生的源头,促进施工过程中的安全生产,从而保障高层建筑施工程的质母。进一步保护好社会经济利益和个人人身安全。     

节能建筑对工程造价的影响

在大力提倡节能建筑的可持续理念下,整个工程项目的建设对于节能建筑造价的管理方案尤为重要。本文就对节能建筑与工程造价控制措施的实施进行了有针对性的研究,并阐述了节能建筑在项目运行中对于工程造价的影响。     

台湾永续建筑的发展趋势

由于全球正面临着气候环境温暖化的危机,因此,21世纪"环境、都市与建筑的永续发展(可持续发展)"毋庸置疑将是一个非常重要的课题.从国际永续建筑发展历程和世界永续建筑的发展潮流看台湾永续建筑的未来,从台湾永续建筑的发展现况及台湾永续建筑未来发展的方向来观察台湾永续建筑未来可能的发展趋势.     

Integrating building information modelling with sustainability to design building projects at the conceptual stage

Lately the construction industry has become more interested in designing and constructing environmentally friendly buildings (e.g. sustainable buildings) that can provide both high performance and monetary savings. In general, sustainability integrates the following three related components: (1) environmental, (2) economic, (3) social well-being. Incorporating these components at the conceptual stage is achieved by using sustainable design, through which designers must identify associated materials and systems based on any selected certification (rating) system. The use of building information modelling (BIM) concepts helps engineers design digital models that allow owners to visualize the building before the physical implementation takes place. To apply BIM concepts, designers use tools to create 3D models of buildings where the design materials and systems are selected from the built-in database of these tools. Designers will not be able to quantify the environmental impacts of these materials to support the decisions needed to design sustainable buildings due to the following reasons: (1) a lack of information about the sustainable materials that are stored in the database, (2) a lack of interoperability between the design and analysis tools that enable full life cycle assessments (LCAs) of buildings. This paper presents a methodology that integrates BIM and LCA tools with a database for designing sustainable building projects. The methodology describes the development and implementation of a model that incorporates a database in which information about sustainable materials is stored and linked to a BIM (3D) module along with an LCA module and a certification and cost module. The goal of this model is to simplify the process of creating sustainable designs and to evaluate the environmental impacts (EI) of newly designed buildings at the conceptual stage of their life. An actual building project is presented in order to illustrate the usefulness and capabilities of the developed model.     

寒冷地区绿色住宅设计的探讨与实践

建筑节能是世界建筑发展的基本趋势,是降低能源消耗的重要方面,而建造绿色住宅建筑又是建筑节能的有效途径。根据绿色住宅建筑的概念,在寒冷地区设计并建造绿色住宅建筑示范工程,具体包括低能耗围护结构保温体系、分室控制地板辐射采暖系统、太阳能热水系统、太阳能光伏照明系统等技术,为在寒冷地区建造绿色住宅建筑积累了经验,有利于推动绿色建筑在我国东北地区的发展。     

Cost effective energy and carbon emissions optimization in building renovation (Annex 56)

The construction sector has become an important target for reducing carbon emissions and energy consumption and for kerbing resource depletion, because of its relevance in all these important areas.Many of the current energy related policies have their focus on new buildings but, due to the low rates of replacement of the existing building stock, it is crucial that the low energy performances of these buildings are improved. Most of these buildings,due to design and construction constraints,may not be able to reach the new energy efficiency standards,which many times involve complex construction works. Nevertheless, the achievement of significant reductions in energy consumption and carbon emissions may not always require a highly efficient solution for the envelope. Other solutions, combining energy efficiency measures and the use of renewable energy, are also possible.In this context, the key research problem addressed in Annex 56 was to understand how far it is possible to go with energy conservation and efficiency measures and from which point the measures to foster renewable energy use become more economical taking into account the local context and the many restrictions the existing buildings face.Thus,a new methodology was developed to be used in the decision making process for energy related building renovation, allowing to find a cost-effective balance between energy consumption,carbon emissions and overall added value achieved in the renovation process.The methodology developed within IEA EBC Annex 56 project aims at defining,assessing and comparing energy renovation activities in a cost-effective way,o ptimizing the energy use and the carbon emissions reduction,mainly in residential buildings but also in non-residential buildings without complex HVAC technologies.The methodology explores the full range of cost-effective reduction of carbon emissions and energy use and takes into account also the additional benefits and the overall added value achieved by the building within the renovation process.     

世界博览会建筑的发展贡献与发展趋势

对世界博览会建筑在建筑行业内的主要贡献做出总结,从可持续性发展,电脑辅助设计,女性建筑师的参与三个方面分析了该类建筑的发展趋势,并论述了相关的局限性,有助于引导人们更全面地了解世界博览会建筑。     

基于信息流分析的建设项目可持续性研究

建设项目的可持续性是实现社会可持续发展的重要方面。基于信息流分析方法对建设项目全生命周期所涉及的重要信息进行了深入分析,在此基础上,通过文献分析和专家调查法,指出当前建设项目可持续性实践中在信息流方面存在的主要问题,包括建筑业生产的离散性导致的沟通问题、设计阶段对建设项目可持续性考虑不足、不健全的政策和法律法规、信息自身质量等,并针对这些问题给出了相应的改进方案。研究成果有利于建设项目可持续性的实现。     

城市地下空间开发利用的绿色生态建筑对策

环境与发展是当今国际社会普遍关注的重大问题。可持续发展的绿色生态建筑是当代和未来城市和建筑发展的主导思想。地下空间开发作为现代城市总体建设的有机组成部分 ,应充分发挥其在促进城市可持续发展过程中的独特优势和巨大潜力 ,同时其自身也面临可持续发展的重大课题 ,因而必须以可持续发展的绿色生态建筑思想为指导 ,采取相应的绿色生态建筑对策     

Performance evaluation of operational energy use in refurbishment,reuse, and conservation of heritage buildings for optimum sustainability

The operational phase of a building project has increasingly gained importance with their energy performance becoming valuable and determining their operational excellence. In most heritage building projects (HBPs), the operational energy use aspects areless considered, and a systematic way of analyzing their energy performance following project delivery is often lacking. The aim of this study is to evaluate the operational performance of refurbishment and reuse of UK listed church projects. The objective is to assess the operational energyuse with a view to optimizing their sustainable performance. The methodology includes eight selected case study buildings refurbished and converted for multipurpose use. The case study approach provided qualitative insights into how the study contributes to a more structured requirements for energy management in HBPs with specific attention to energy-efficient building operations. The findings show the need to focus on fundamental areas of operational management (i.e.by developing and implementing more focused policy on operational energy performance of heritage buildings) to minimize the energy required to operate them. The challenges of implementing changes in operational energy performance improvement of heritage buildings are addressed in the form of recommendations that could lead to real results. The study concludes that leveraging these areas requires commitment from all heritage building stakeholders because they all have substantial roles in harmonizing the requirement for the project's sustainability and not just the building operators. Meanwhile, baseline project planning, periodic updating, monitoring, and managing the energy use pattern are suggested as measures that could greatly facilitate better energy performance to optimizing their sustainable reuse compared with the traditional approach of trying to improve their thermal performance.     

住宅建筑节能设计的思考

近年来,节能已成为全世界关注的热点,为了实现我国可持续发展战略,建筑节能势在必行.阐述了住宅建筑节能技术在规划设计、围护结构设计及工程设计中的应用.     

超高层建筑轴线计算方法探讨

随着大型复杂建筑结构的不断涌现,建筑结构向超高、跨度更大的方向发展,施工进度不断加快,给施工安全与结构成型带来新课题,超高层建筑物显著特点是绝对高度高,受日照、地球自转、风力、温差等多种动态因素的影响,将处于不断运动的状态。轴线检测是施工检测的关键内容,同时也是超高层建筑物质量验收和质量评价的重要参考依据,本文结合超高层建筑物的特点,利用工程应用实例介绍轴线计算方法。     

公共建筑“浅”绿色设计策略——以郑州节能环保产业孵化中心绿色示范楼为例

绿色建筑被认为是具有资源消耗最少,能源效率最大化,具备安全、健康、宜居,并对生态系统扰动最小的建筑,亦称＂深＂绿色建筑。目前,国内外绿色建筑实践仍处于起步阶段。＂浅＂绿色建筑,亦即那些部分达到绿色建筑标准或是部分采用绿色建筑技术、产生部分环境效益的建筑可能更具有现实的应用意义和推广价值。本文以郑州节能环保产业孵化中心绿色示范楼建筑设计为例,对选用适合当地气候条件的低造价适宜技术,特别在强化建筑自然通风、自然采光等方面进行深入思考,探讨＂浅＂绿色节能环保技术及策略对当前大量性公共建筑的环境效益和社会效益。