Felt/Filz—Art,Crafts and Design,edited by Katharina Thomas

Abstract

Clynes and Kline's (1995 [1960]) conception of the cyborg sees a technologically augmented human designed for the adverse conditions of space travel. Despite alterations through artificial and self-organizing biochemical, physiological, and electronic modifications, the paramount piece of technology enabling human non-terrestrial flirtations was the “exogenous device” of the spacesuit.

In this instance, the incorporation of high-tech textiles and manufacturing techniques accommodates the design process to the point where the distinction between fabric, garment, and astronaut merge.

This article uses the spacesuit as an illustrative example in arguing that a particular utility value of fashion is its role as “aerial”; transmitting and receiving messages that feed into, and draw from, social and cultural archives.

This article explores the concept of to-and-fro transmission/ reception, arguing that fashion, as aerial, contributes to a highly complex meaning system, in which negotiation becomes a passive, unconscious activity.     

Gallic acid, a histone acetyltransferase inhibitor, suppresses β-amyloid neurotoxicity by inhibiting microglial-mediated neuroinflammation

Scope: We examined the biological effect of gallic acid (GA) as a nuclear factor (NF)‐κB acetyltransferase inhibitor on microglial‐mediated β‐amyloid neurotoxicity and restorative effects on the Aβ‐induced cognitive dysfunction. Methods and results: The protective effects of GA on the survival of neuronal cells were assessed with an MTT assay and a co‐culture system. For the co‐culture experiments, both BV‐2 and primary microglia cells were treated with GA prior to Aβ stimulation, and conditioned media were transferred to Neuro‐2A cells. The mRNA and protein levels of inflammatory cytokines in both microglia and Neuro‐2A cells were assessed with real‐time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) acetylation with GA treatment resulted in reduced cytokine production in microglia cells and protection of neuronal cells from Aβ‐induced neurotoxicity. Furthermore, we observed a restorative effect of GA on Aβ‐induced cognitive dysfunction in mice with Y‐maze and passive avoidance tests. Finally, we found that GA treatment efficiently blocked neuronal cell death by downregulating the expression of cytokines and the in vivo levels of NF‐κB acetylation. Conclusion: These results suggest that selective inhibition of NF‐κB acetylation by the histone acetyltransferase inhibitor GA is a possible therapeutic approach for alleviating the inflammatory progression of Alzheimer disease.     

Formation of alanine, α-aminobutyrate,acetate, and 2-butanol during cheese ripening by Pediococcus acidilactici FAM18098

There is limited information about the contribution of Pediococcus acidilactici, a nonstarter lactic acid bacteria, to cheese ripening and flavour development. Model Tilsit-type and Gruyère-type cheeses were produced using P. acidilactici FAM18098 as an adjunct. The adjunct did not influence the cheese manufacturing processes. The pediococcal log counts ranged from 7.0 to 8.0 cfu g⁻¹ after 90 and 120 days of ripening. P. acidilactici produced ornithine, a result of arginine metabolism by the arginine deiminase pathway, and α-aminobutyrate and alanine while simultaneously metabolising serine and threonine. The analysis of the volatile compounds in the cheeses showed that higher acetate, 2-butanone, and 2-butanol levels and lower diacetyl levels were present in the cheeses produced with P. acidilactici than in the control cheeses. The study illustrates that P. acidilactici can influence amino acid metabolism in cheese; further, ornithine, α-aminobutyrate, and acetate can serve as indicators for the presence of this species.     

Essential oil composition,phenolic compound,and antioxidant potential of Inulaviscosa as affected by extraction process

The purpose of this study was to compare the essential oil composition of Inula viscosa leaves by hydrodistillation (HDE), ultrasonic (UDE) and solvent (SE) extractions followed by hydrodistillation. The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents and their antioxidant effects were studied by different solvent of extraction: ethanol (ET), ethyl acetate (EA), methanol (ME) and aqueous (AE). The principal compounds for HDE were: 2-hexenal (3.70%), caryophyllene oxide (3.11%), γ-selinene (3.09%), 3-hexen-1-ol (2.00%), eugenol (1.70%) and trans-caryophyllene (1.34%), while for UDE were: γ-selinene (5.68%), caryophyllene oxide (4.87%), trans-caryophyllene (1.99%) and nerolidol (1.74%). The oil obtained by SE was shown to contain tridecane (3.89%), dodecane (3.08%), trans-caryophyllene (2.94%), caryophyllene oxide (2.56%) and nerolidol (2.53%). Significant changes on phenolic contents were found between the different solvent of extraction. ME and AE extracts led to the highest total polyphenol (PHL) and flavonoid (FL) amounts. The anti-radical activity and reducing power were maximal in AE and ME extract. HPLC examination established that the ferulic acid as major phenolic acid in ME and AE fractions, whereas luteolin was the main compound of EA and ET fractions.     

Analytical studies on woven fabrics’ bagging performance affected by the material,yarn, and fabric parameters

The present work focuses on investigating the bagging behavior of woven fabrics produced from viscose and polyester/viscose yarns. In this paper, the bagging deformation – in terms of different bagging parameters (bagging resistance, bagging fatigue, bagging hysteresis, and residual bagging hysteresis) – has been interpreted by fabric’s physical and mechanical properties which were obtained from FAST system. The statistical analysis revealed that there is a significant correlation between the bagging parameters. Also, it was concluded that the samples’ physical and mechanical properties correlate significantly with bagging parameters. Additionally, the effects of four different variables such as material type, spinning system, weave pattern, and weft density on bagging parameters have been studied. Considering the high correlations between all the bagging parameters, it was decided to analyze only the parameter bagging fatigue in this paper. The results showed that all the fabric variables except the parameter weft density have significant effects on bagging fatigue performance.     

Life by Digital

也许有一天.在我们的住宅里没有了独立存在的家具.也没有了明显的空间界线.而墙壁上会"长"出家具,让空间的流线更加飘逸自由……     

Safety aspects of microbial enzyme technology,exemplified by the safety assessment of an immobilized lipase preparation,lipozyme™

The historical use of enzymes for food processing is briefly reviewed. The manufacturing process of microbial food enzymes is described including the fundamental purity criteria recommended by Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) and Food Chemicals Codex. Principles for safety evaluation focus on the possible presence of toxic contaminants in the commercial enzyme preparation. Possible sources of any undesirable contaminants include the raw materials used, the properties of the production strain, contamination with foreign micro‐organisms, use of additives and processing aids in recovery of the enzyme. Systems for design of toxicology programmes are reviewed. A case study is given summarizing the safety evaluation of an immobilized lipase used for the interesterification of fats and oils. Based upon a no‐effect level derived from in vitro and animal feeding studies it is concluded that the enzyme is safe for the intended use.

The safety of the enzyme part of the immobilized preparation is documented by a thorough toxicology programme. The safety of the carrier, a phenol formaldehyde based ion‐exchange resin, is documented by leakage analysis of extractable materials under forced conditions, as well as by a feeding study employing a fat treated with the immobilized enzyme.     

Effects of ¹⁴C-labelled precursor feeding on production of beauvericin, enniatins H, I, and MK1688 by Fusarium oxysporum KFCC11363P

The effects of ¹⁴C-labelled precursor feeding on the production of cyclic hexadepsipeptides were investigated by the mycelium of F. oxysporum KFCC11363P producing beauvericin along with enniatins H, I, and MK1688. Most ¹⁴C-phenylalanine and ¹⁴C-valine were incorporated easily into the biosynthetic pathway of ¹⁴C-labelled beauvericin in vivo by the mycelium. However, only a small amount of ¹⁴C-labelled enniatins could be detected by feeding of ¹⁴C-valine. When l-valine was fed as a precursor to the mycelium at large scale, the level of beauvericin increased to maximum followed by enniatins H and I. Feeding of l-valine did not affect the production of enniatin MK1688. These results suggest that l-valine feeding led to the production of d-hydroxyisovaleic acid in the mycelium and specifically enhanced the production of cyclic hexadepsipeptides containing d-hydroxyisovaleic acid, such as beauvericin and enniatins H and I.     

Analysis of α-Cryptoxanthin, β-Cryptoxanthin, α -Carotene,and β-Carotene of Pandanus Conoideus Oil by High-performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)

Pandanus conoideus is an endemic plant of Papua, Indonesia, reported to be very rich in carotenoids. The purpose of this study was to develop method for the determination of carotenoids (α-cryptoxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, α-carotene and β-carotene) in P. conoideus oil (PO) by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). sing the proposed method in this research, carotenoids content of nine clones of PO were analyzed which ranged from 5.4-138.5 ng/mg for α-cryptoxanthin, 3.9-29.4 ng/mg for β-cryptoxanthin, 3.5-80.0 ng/mg for α-carotene, and 10.8-118.0 ng/mg for β-carotene. Our results showed that four carotenoids content was very small as compared to total carotenoids content (3027-19959 ng/mg). This suggests that those four carotenoids were not a major component of the PO carotenoids. Using the principal component analysis, nine clones of P. conoideus can be grouped based on the proximity of its carotenoid content into group A (Monsor, Mbarugum, Himbiak, Monsrus and Memeri), group B (Menjib Rumbai), and group C (Edewewits, Hibcau and Hityom).     

ZrB system by self-propagating

emperature synthesis (SHS) technique, and the effect of particle size of Zr powder on the SHS reaction in ZrB system was studied. The phase constituent of SHS product was investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis, a     

Antioxidant activity of β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes containing trans-cinnamaldehyde by DPPH,ABTS and FRAP

This study was carried out to observed β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) inclusion complexes containing trans-cinnamaldehyde (CIN) by using DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assay. Antioxidative ability was compared between pure CIN and β-CD-CIN inclusion complexes and particle size, encapsulation efficiency, and temperature-dependent release of inclusion complexes were investigated. High concentration of β-CD (1.8%) as well as guest oil 1:3 molar ratio (β-CD:CIN) influenced on particle size bigger during self-assembly process. And particle sizes were increased as storage period. In the antioxidant capacity results, pure β-CD (1.8%) was antioxidative without CIN especially at FRAP assay. Antioxidant activity dramatically increased after 1:1 molar ratio (1.8% β-CD:CIN), especially at DPPH assay and ABTS^•+ assay. In this study, β-CD complexation enhanced CIN solubility and affected increase the antioxidant activity of the CIN. Moreover, we need to consider that molar ratio of between β-CD concentration and CIN is effective manufacturing condition to improve antioxidant activity of β-CD-CIN inclusion complexes.     

Monoolein,isolated from Ishige sinicola,inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response by attenuating mitogen-activated protein kinase and NF-κB pathways

Food Science and Biotechnology - Ishige sinicola (I. sinicola) is an edible brown alga native to South Korea. In the present study, we screened the anti-inflammatory activity of monoolein isolated...     

Crops that feed the World 2. Soybean—worldwide production,use, and constraints caused by pathogens and pests

The soybean crop is one of the most important crops worldwide. Soybean seeds are important for both protein meal and vegetable oil. The crop is grown on an estimated 6% of the world’s arable land, and since the 1970s, the area in soybean production has the highest percentage increase compared to any other major crop. Recent increases in production coincide with increases in demand for meal and oil. Soybean production was 17 million metric tons (MMT) in 1960 and increased to 230 MMT in 2008. Future soybean production is expected to increase more than other crops, due to expanded production area and higher yields. There are a number of important abiotic and biotic constraints that threaten soybean production by directly reducing seed yields and/or seed quality. Abiotic constraints include extremes in nutrients, temperatures and moisture. These may reduce production directly, but also indirectly through increases in pathogens and pests. Biotic constraints tend to be geographically and environmentally restricted. Some diseases like soybean rust may be explosive by producing copious amounts of air-borne spores. This disease, more so than most, caused great concern when first found invading soybean production areas in Brazil and the United States of America. In contrast, red leaf blotch is a disease restricted to a few countries in Africa, but deserving attention since it has not been intensely studied and adequate management strategies, such as the use of resistant varieties, are not available. Significant losses in soybean yield beyond current levels may have implications for food security because of our dependence on the soybean crop, directly and indirectly for food products. In addition, because the crop is highly nutritious and versatile it offers resources to address world food issues through current and future utilization practices. Future soybean production is expected to increase in proportion to increased demand, and with application of newer genomic technologies, the crop has enormous potential to improve dietary quality for people throughout the world whether consumed as a vegetable crop or processed into various soybean food products.