氧分压对脉冲激光沉积β-Ga2O3-δ薄膜光学性能的影响

在不同氧分压下,用脉冲激光沉积法在c-蓝宝石衬底上制备了高质量β-Ga₂O_3?δ薄膜。通过X-射线衍射、远红外反射光谱、X-射线光电子能谱和紫外-可见-近红外透射光谱系统地研究了β-Ga₂O_3?δ薄膜的晶格结构、化学计量比和光学性质。X-射线衍射分析表明,所有沉积的薄膜以(-201)晶向方向生长。透射光谱显示薄膜在255 nm以上的紫外-可见-近红外波段具有80%以上的高透明度,同时在255 nm附近有一个陡峭的吸收边。此外,利用Tauc-Lorentz(TL)色散函数模型和Tauc公式,我们提取了β-Ga₂O_3?δ薄膜的光学常数和光学直接带隙。更进一步,我们通过理论计算解释了氧气分压对β-Ga₂O_3?δ薄膜光学性质的影响。     

衬底和退火温度对多晶硅薄膜结构及光学性质影响

通过射频等离子体增强化学气相沉积(RF-PECVD)技术与退火处理制备多晶硅薄膜,研究了衬底和退火温度对所制薄膜的结构及光学性质的影响。本次试验最大的晶粒尺寸是在衬底温度为250℃获得,考虑薄膜表面的质量,最佳的退火温度为635℃,衬底温度为225℃,在玻璃衬底形成的晶粒大于50 nm,光学带隙为1.5 e V。结果表明:衬底温度影响着薄膜中氢含量以及相关的缺陷。随着退火温度的升高,晶化率的提高,光学带隙先减小后增大。     

基片温度对脉冲激光沉积ZnO薄膜性质的影响

本文基于脉冲激光沉积(PLD)方法,利用光谱物理GCR-170型脉冲激光器Nd:YAG的三次谐波,实验上完成了在Al2O3(0001)基片上生长了ZnO薄膜.利用原子力显微镜(AFM)、光致发光(PL)谱和光学透射谱对不同基片温度下沉积的ZnO薄膜的表面形貌和光学特性进行研究.结果表明,沉积时的基片温度对ZnO薄膜的结构和特性有显著影响.在基片温度为500℃时沉积的ZnO薄膜结构致密均匀,并表现出很强的紫外发射.通过紫外一可见透射光谱的测量,讨论了沉积时的基片温度对ZnO薄膜光学透射率的影响.     

用椭偏法研究掺磷a-Si:H薄膜的光学特性

用等离子体增强化学气相沉积(PECVD)方法制备了磷掺杂氢化非晶硅(a-Si∶H)薄膜.分别以50°和70°为入射角,测试了样品在300～1000nm波长的椭偏光谱,得到了其膜厚和光学常数谱(折射率和消光系数随波长变化谱),并应用Tauc作图法推算出了薄膜的光学带隙.     

玻璃上热壁真空沉积生长CdTe薄膜的结构及光学特性

采用热壁真空沉积的方法,在清洁的玻璃衬底上生长了不同膜厚的CdTe薄膜,对其结构和薄膜的本征吸收光学特性进行了测量分析研究.XRD测试显示薄膜为多晶,具有标准的立方结构,沿(111)方向有明显的择优取向.晶格常数的计算值为0.649nm,与标准值符合得较好.用Cary 5000型双光束分光光度计测试了薄膜的反射谱和透射谱,显示在本征吸收区透过率随着膜厚的增加和波长的减小而减小.对测量的反射谱和透射谱采用较严格的数学处理,计算得到了描述薄膜宏观光学特性的重要物理量,即薄膜的吸收系数、消光系数、折射率等.用(hvα)2对hv作图,得出了薄膜厚度为0.12,0.48和0.81μm的光学能隙分别为1.54,1.48和1.46eV,证实了材料是直接带隙结构,且在本征吸收的可见光区有高的吸收系数.     

玻璃上热壁真空沉积生长CdTe薄膜的结构及光学特性

采用热壁真空沉积的方法,在清洁的玻璃衬底上生长了不同膜厚的CdTe薄膜,对其结构和薄膜的本征吸收光学特性进行了测量分析研究.XRD测试显示薄膜为多晶,具有标准的立方结构,沿(111)方向有明显的择优取向.晶格常数的计算值为0.649nm,与标准值符合得较好.用Cary 5000型双光束分光光度计测试了薄膜的反射谱和透射谱,显示在本征吸收区透过率随着膜厚的增加和波长的减小而减小.对测量的反射谱和透射谱采用较严格的数学处理,计算得到了描述薄膜宏观光学特性的重要物理量,即薄膜的吸收系数、消光系数、折射率等.用(hvα)2对hv作图,得出了薄膜厚度为0.12,0.48和0.81μm的光学能隙分别为1.54,1.48和1.46eV,证实了材料是直接带隙结构,且在本征吸收的可见光区有高的吸收系数.     

衬底温度对氧化钛薄膜的光学常数影响

采用沈阳CK-3高真空磁控溅射薄膜沉积设备在K9玻璃衬底上分别制备了衬底温度为150℃、200℃和250℃的氧化钛薄膜。XRD分析显示这三种温度制备的薄膜由于制备温度不高均没有明显衍射峰,为非晶薄膜。薄膜的光学常数由德国SENTECH SE 850型光谱型椭偏仪对薄膜测试得到,测试波长为300 nm～800 nm,采用Cauchy模型对测试结果进行拟合。结果发现随着制备衬底温度的增大,薄膜的折射率n和消光系数k都随着增大。在衬底温度从150℃增大到250℃时,薄膜的光学带隙从3.46 eV减小到3.02 eV。     

电子束蒸发方法研究Mg2Si的薄膜及其光学带隙

Mg_2Si材料作为一种新型环境友好半导体材料,其薄膜制备方法及其光学性质的研究对其应用研发起到基础性作用.采用电子束蒸发方法在Si(111)衬底上沉积Mg膜,在氩气环境下进行热处理以制备Mg_2Si半导体薄膜.采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、分光光度计对制备的Mg_2Si薄膜进行表征.在氩气环境、温度500℃、压强200 Pa下,研究热处理时间(时间3-7 h)对Mg_2Si薄膜形成的影响.XRD和SEM结果表明:通过电子束蒸发沉积方法在500℃、热处理时间为3~7 h能够得到Mg_2Si薄膜.热处理温度是500时,最佳热处理时间是4 h,得到致密度好的薄膜.通过对薄膜的红外透射谱测试,得到了Mg_2Si薄膜的光学带隙,其间接光学带隙值为0.9433 eV,直接光学带隙值为1.1580 eV.实验数据为Mg_2Si薄膜的研发在制备工艺和光学性质方面提供参考.     

衬底温度对射频磁控溅射制备氮化硅薄膜的影响

采用射频磁控反应溅射技术,以N2和Ar为反应气体在普通玻璃表面沉积了氮化硅(SiN)薄膜;利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、X射线能量耗散谱、台阶仪和紫外-可见光谱,研究了不同衬底温度对SiN薄膜的相结构、表面形貌和成分、薄膜厚度以及光性能的影响.结果表明;制备的SiN薄膜为富硅结构;提高衬底温度,可增加光学带隙;当衬底温度为450℃时,薄膜由尺寸约为40 nm的SiN晶粒组成,且在紫外-可见光区的透过率高达90%.     

（英）弛豫铁电0.74Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.26PbTiO3薄膜的微结构和光学性能

采用磁控溅射法,选用LaNi O3作为缓冲层,在硅基片上制备出了0.74Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.26PbTiO3弛豫铁电薄膜.研究了沉积温度对薄膜的微结构和光学性能的影响.其中,沉积温度为500oC时制备的薄膜,不仅具有纯的钙钛矿结构,高度(110)择优取向、致密、无裂纹的形貌、而且具有最大的剩余极化,大小为17.2μC/cm2.使用柯西模型进行拟合反射谱,分析得到薄膜的折射率和消光系数.在波长为633 nm时,500oC沉积的薄膜的折射率大小为2.41.另外,薄膜的光学带隙在2.97～3.22 eV范围内.并初步讨论了这些薄膜的光学性能的差异.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.