模芯角度对镁合金管材静液挤压的影响（英文）

通过DEFORM-3D软件模拟了不同的挤压速度与初始坯料温度条件下,模芯的角度(90°,120°,150°)对管材静液挤压成形过程的影响。模拟结果显示,静液挤压过程中大角度模芯的压力峰值明显高于小角度模芯的压力峰值,同时随着模芯角度的增大管材的速度场分布不均性增加。     

预热温度对镁合金管材静液挤压扩展成形的影响

通过Deform-3D软件对AZ80镁合金的挤压成形进行了数值模拟并进行了挤压试验,研究了模具、模芯以及挤压筒不同预热温度对静液扩展挤压成形过程的影响。结果表明,预热温度越高,成形所需挤压力越小,管材越容易成形;模具温度与模芯温度对挤压力峰值的影响较大,挤压筒温度主要影响挤压稳定阶段挤压力的平稳性。试验表明,在模具、模芯、挤压筒预热温度分别为250、250、20℃时,管材可完整成形,验证了AZ80镁合金静液挤压扩展成形工艺方法的可行性与数值模拟的合理性。     

挤压凹模型面对镁合金管材挤压力的影响

采用MSC.Marc软件对不同凹模型面管材挤压成形过程进行数值模拟,分析半模角α和凹模曲面形状对挤压力的影响,并通过镁合金管材挤压实验进行验证。研究发现,随着半模角α的增大,曲面模的挤压力有变小的趋势;当半模角α在60°~70°范围内,锥模的挤压力最小,材料利用率也最高。     

AZ80镁合金扩管静液挤压成形的数值模拟与试验

运用Deform-3D软件对AZ80镁合金管材静液挤压工艺进行了数值模拟,详细分析了挤压比对静液挤压成形过程的影响。结果表明,挤压载荷随着挤压比的增大而增大。挤压比由1.75增加至2.22时,峰值压力由306 MPa增加至375 MPa,增幅为22.5%;挤压比越大,材料剪切变形越严重,对材料晶粒细化更加有利,管材流出速度越大,管材内外壁流速差越大,而内外壁流速差太大容易造成管材开裂。选用挤压比为1.88,在40 MN卧式静液挤压机上顺利实现大口径AZ80镁合金管材的挤压成形,管材表面质量良好,壁厚均匀无缺陷。     

镁合金管材静液挤压过程影响因素分析

针对扩展挤压和收缩挤压镁合金管材的问题,使用Deform-3D有限元软件,应用正交试验对AZ80镁合金在不同的模具角度、定径带长度、坯料温度、模具温度、挤压速度的条件下进行了静液挤压数值模拟研究。通过分析数值模拟结果,得出了使挤压力最小的最优工艺参数。结果能为镁合金管材静液挤压工艺参数的优化设计提供依据。     

AZ80镁合金管材反挤压成形的数值模拟与试验研究

采用Deform-3D软件对AZ80镁合金厚壁管材的反挤压过程进行了数值模拟,模拟了不同挤压温度和挤压速度对反挤压成形过程的影响。结果表明,反挤压过程的等效应变主要集中在凸模与坯料接触处和管壁上,管材的内壁和外壁损伤值较大,容易产生损伤。挤压温度越高,管材成形的温差、等效应力和挤压载荷就越小,挤压变形越均匀。挤压速度越小,金属的流动速率峰值越小,金属流动越均匀,管材温差越小,挤压变形越均匀。通过镁合金管材的反挤压试验,验证了模拟结果的准确性。     

静液挤压及普通挤压过程数值模拟对比研究（上）

本文基于大变形弹塑性有限元法,采用ANSYS／LS—DYNA软件对T42态2024铝合金普通挤压及静液挤压成形过程进行数值模拟研究,得到不同模角及挤压比对两种不同变形工艺下应力、应变分布和挤压压力的影响规律。模拟结果表明,静液挤压工艺因坯料与模具之间的摩擦因数的显著降低而有助于降低挤压压力及减少裂纹,最佳模角下所需挤压压力和裂纹产生概率最低。     

304不锈钢大型管材挤压工艺虚拟正交优化

基于DEFORM-2D有限元模拟与正交试验,以降低挤压力峰值、提高模口处坯料变形均匀性为优化目标,对304不锈钢大型管材((Φ)600 mm×420～3600 mm)挤压成形过程进行了优化.当模角θ=35°、挤压速度v=200mm/s、挤压温度T=1200℃时,挤压力峰值最小;当θ=35°、v=l00mm/s、T=1050℃时,等效应变均方差最小.     

6061-T4薄壁铝合金管数控弯曲回弹规律(英文)

以规格为50.8mm×0.889mm(管材外径×管材壁厚)的高性能薄壁6061-T4铝合金管为对象,采用单因素实验分析和基于全过程三维有限元模拟的正交方法,获得多个弯曲成形参数对6061-T4薄壁铝合金管数控弯管回弹的影响。结果表明:1)弯管回弹角随弯曲角度的增大而总体呈线性增大;2)影响弯管回弹的显著性因素从高到低排列为:芯棒管材间隙,弯曲半径,压模管材摩擦,防皱块管材间隙,压模管材间隙,助推速度,芯模管材摩擦和芯球个数;3)显著性成形参数对回弹的影响规律与不锈钢和钛合金相似:回弹角随弯曲速度、芯棒管材间隙、相对弯曲半径、防皱模管材间隙、压力模摩擦系数、压力模相对助推速度的增大而增大,随芯棒伸出量、芯球个数和芯棒摩擦系数的增大而减小。     

AZ31镁合金薄壁管材反挤压成形的有限元模拟

根据AZ31镁合金流动应力-应变曲线建立了材料模型,应用Deform-3D软件对AZ31镁合金薄壁管材反挤压过程进行了有限元模拟,分析了挤压过程中坯料和管材内部温度场、损伤因子及流动速率的分布情况,着重探讨了不同挤压温度、挤压速度和模角对最高温升、等效应力、流动速率及挤压力峰值的影响。结果表明,AZ31镁合金薄壁管材反挤压的最佳工艺参数:挤压温度为310℃、挤压速度为1mm/s、模角为60°。     

焊合角和焊合室深度对复杂悬臂空心铝型材挤压成形质量的影响

应用Hyper Xtrude有限元分析软件,考察了带长悬臂结构空心截面铝型材挤压时的焊合角α和焊合室深度h对其挤压成形质量的影响。结果表明:当α在15°~45°时,型材悬臂处及空心部位四周分流桥下金属的流动速率较大,开始焊合的时间早,焊合历程长;当α增加到60°时,相应区域金属的流动速率明显降低,焊合推迟;在α达到90°时,该情况最为严重,焊合历程变短。α为45°时,模芯最大偏移量达到最小值0.045 mm。随着h的增加,焊合面静水压力最小值与上模最大等效应力及模芯最大偏移量均逐渐增大。综合考虑各因素的影响,确定该型材挤压模具的最佳焊合角和焊合室深度分别为45°与20 mm,并将其用于挤压模具设计,试模发现模拟结果与试模结果吻合较好,挤出型材的综合质量较高。     

小规格TiNiNb管材的反向挤压成形工艺参数

针对44 mm×10.5 mm小规格Ti Ni Nb管材反挤压成形试验的工艺参数确定和模具设计问题,采用有限元热力耦合数值模拟和单因素轮换法,分析在满足制件成形质量(挤出温度低于共晶熔点)的前提下,挤压力与凹模模角和定径带长度、凹模和挤压筒温度、毛坯初始温度、挤压速度及摩擦因子等工艺参数和模具结构参数之间的关系,确定影响挤压力的主要工艺参数和模具结构参数分别为凹模模角、初始坯料温度、挤压速度和摩擦因子,并给出上述参数的取值范围。通过基于数值模拟的正交试验方法,得到了主要工艺参数和模具结构参数的最佳组合,即在保证润滑效果的前提下,取凹模模角110°、毛坯初始温度为950℃、挤压速度为50 mm/s。利用铅和45号钢毛坯在6.5 MN多向模锻挤压液压机上进行了验证实验。     

块体材料连续变断面循环挤压形状参数的优化

采用连续变断面循环挤压(Continuous Variable Cross-section Recycled Extrusion,CVCE)法对矩形截面的铸态铅块进行挤压和回复镦粗变形,研究了原始坯料高径比、挤压角度等形状参数对块体变形后的外部形状和内部金属流动规律的影响。结果表明:经CVCE工艺镦粗后的试样,由于金属的径向流动和侧面金属翻平的共同作用,导致上底面面积增大,这种变形自上而下依次渗透并逐层减少;坯料在竖直方向上受到挤压而产生的变形有传递的作用,自上而下,各层的压缩量逐渐减少。当挤压角度为6°、原始坯料高径比为1.83时,循环挤压回复到原始形状的效果最好,且制品表面质量更好,内部金属流动较为均匀。     

Influence of tool rake angle on the quality of pure magnesium chip-consolidated product

Chips were produced by orthogonal cutting of cast pure magnesium billet with three different tool rake angles viz., ?15°, ?5° and +15° on a lathe. Chip consolidation by solid state recycling technique involved cold compaction followed by hot extrusion. The extruded products were characterized for microstructure and mechanical properties. Chip-consolidated products from ?15° rake angle tool showed 19% increase in tensile strength, 60% reduction in grain size and 12% increase in hardness compared to +15° rake chip-consolidated product indicating better chip bonding and grain refinement. Microstructure of the fracture specimen supports the above findings. On the overall, the present work highlights the importance of tool rake angle in determining the quality of the chip-consolidated products.     

冲头形状ECAP模拟分析研究

等通道角挤压(ECAP)是剧烈塑性变形制备超细晶材料的一种有效变形方式,常规的ECAP工艺获得组织不够均匀,损伤较大,由此提出了一种新型的ECAP冲头形状的改良研究。本文采用DEFORM-3D有限元模拟分析ECAP工艺变形机理的方案,引入几何参数λ,即理论剪切面与冲头和坯料的交界面之间的顺时针夹角,研究发现相比传统的水平冲头(λ=45°),采用λ=90°形状冲头可提高经一次通道ECAP挤压后坯料的均匀性,采用λ=0°的冲头的ECAP形变平均损伤显著减小。本研究可为ECAP的工艺研究提供理论指导。     

犁削挤压角对切削性能影响的模拟研究

将直径为6 mm的微型铜管简化为厚度0.4 mm的铜板,应用DEFORM-3D软件对微沟槽犁削-挤压成形过程进行模拟,在模拟过程中只有刀具挤压角单一参数变化(45°、60°、90°),通过分析在3种不同挤压角刀具成形下的铜板翅结构、应力和应变分布图,得出60°挤压角刀具犁削-挤压切削效果最佳。     

The effect of strain path on the development of deformation structures in severely deformed aluminium alloys processed by ECAE

Equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) has been used to investigate the formation of submicron grain structures in Al-alloys deformed to ultra-high plastic strains by different strain paths. The different strain paths were obtained by rotating billets through 0, 90, and 180° between each extrusion cycle. High resolution EBSD analysis has been employed to measure the boundary misorientations within the deformation structures. This has highlighted great differences in the evolution of the deformed state, as a function of the strain path, even after effective strains as high as 16. It has been demonstrated that the most effective method of forming a submicron grain structure by severe plastic deformation is to maintain a constant strain path. Processing routes involving a 180° rotation reverse the shear strain every second pass and this prevents the build up of significant numbers of new high angle boundaries. When a sample is processed with an alternate clockwise and anticlockwise 90° rotation, between each extrusion cycle the billet is deformed on two shear planes, each of which experiences half the total strain, compared to the single shear plane when there is no rotation. This reduces the rate of formation of high angle boundaries. With a constant clockwise 90° rotation the sample is also deformed on two alternate shear planes, but the total strain becomes redundant every fourth extrusion cycle. However, in this case each shear is reversed out of sequence after first deforming the billet on the alternate shear plane. This appears to be a much more effective means of forming new high angle boundaries than 180° rotation, where the shear strain is immediately reversed each alternate cycle, but is still less efficient than deformation with a constant strain path.     

An extrusion method of tube with spiral inner fins by utilizing generation of spiral outer fins/grooves

This paper presents a new extrusion method for fabrication of a tube with spiral inner fins. The spiral fins are formed by utilizing the generation of spiral outer fins or grooves, which drive the metal to circumferentially move with twist deformation. The effect of the outer fins/grooves is examined for realizing the circumferential metal flow. The position of the mandrel has an ability to flexibly control the spiral angle. This method would drastically enhance the productivity and reduce the manufacturing cost, as the tube would be manufactured directly from a billet through only one process.     

Numerical Modeling of Frictional Stress in the Contact Zone of Direct Extrusion of Aluminum Alloys under Starved Lubrication

The objective of this article is to investigate numerically frictional stress in the contact zone at the die/billet interface in the direct extrusion of aluminum alloys considering starved lubricated conditions. In the modeling, both the inlet and work zones have been investigated by coupled solution of the governing equations. The influences of the billet material’s strain hardening and its heating due to the plastic deformation are accounted for in the numerical computation. The frictional shear stress at the die/billet interface is computed using three different lubricating oils. Numerical results have been presented herein for the various operating parameters viz. starvation factor (ψ = 0.2–0.6), lubricants’ viscosities (η ₀ = 0.05 Pa s–0.2 Pa s), semi die angle (β = 10°–20°), and material parameter (G = 0.56–2.25). It has been observed that the frictional stress increases with an increase in the severity of the lubricant’s starvation for the given values of semi-die angle, extrusion speed, and material parameter.     

Die structure optimization of equal channel angular extrusion for AZ31 magnesium alloy based on finite element method

Three-dimensional(3D)geometric models with different corner angles(90°and 120°)and with or without inner round fillets in the bottom die were designed.Some important process parameters were regarded as the calculation conditions used in DEFORMT M-3D software,such as stress—strain data of compression test for AZ31 magnesium,temperatures of die and billet,and friction coefficient.Influence of friction coefficient on deformation process was discussed.The results show that reasonable lubrication condition is im...