Top-down decomposition of the Journal Citation Reportof the Social Science Citation Index: Graph- and factor-analytical approaches

The aggregated journal-journal citation matrix of the Journal Citation Report 2001of the Social Science Citation Indexis analyzed as a single domain in terms of both its eigenvectors and the bi-connected components contained in it. The traditional disciplines (e.g., economics, psychology, or political science) can be retrieved using both methods. These main disciplines do interact marginally. The space between them is occupied by a large number of small clusters of journals indicating specialties that gravitate among the major disciplines. These specialties operate in a mode different from that of the disciplines. For example, the impact factors are low on average and the developments remain volatile. Factor analysis enables us to study how the smaller bi-connected components are related to the larger ones. Factor analysis also highlights methodological differences among groups which may be theoretically connected in a single bi-component. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Science in Brazil. Part 1: A macro-level comparative study

Summary In the present paper, the evolution of publication activity and citation impact in Brazil is studied for the period 1991-2003. Besides the analysis of trends in publication and citation patterns and of national publication profiles, an attempt is made to find statistical evidences of the relation between international co-authorship and both research profile and citation impact in the Latin American region. Despite similarities and strong co-publication links with the other countries in the region, Brazil has nonetheless a specific research profile, and forms the largest potential in the region.     

The SCI Journal Citation Reports: A potential tool for studying journals?

In this paper, we analysed six indicators of the SCI Journal Citation Reports (JCR) over a 19-year period: number of total citations, number of citations to the two previous years, number of source items, impact factor, immediacy index and cited half-life. The JCR seems to have become more or less an authority for evaluating scientific and technical journals, essentially through its impact factor. However it is difficult to find one's way about in the impressive mass of quantitative data that JCR provides each year. We proposed the box plot method to aggregate the values of each indicator so as to obtain, at a glance, portrayals of the JCR population from 1974 to 1993. These images reflected the distribution of the journals into 4 groups designated low, central, high and extreme. The limits of the groups became a reference system with which, for example, it was rapidly possible to situate visually a given journal within the overall JCR population. Moreover, the box plot method, which gives a zoom effect, made it possible to visualize a large sub-population of the JCR usually overshadowed by the journals at the top of the rankings. These top level journals implicitly play the role of reference in evaluation processes. This often incites categorical judgements when the journals to be evaluated are not part of the top level. Our «rereading» of the JCR, which presented the JCR product differently, made it possible to qualify these judgements and bring a new light on journals.     

洗衣机生产中的物流分析与优化布置:案例研究

通过对M公司工业洗衣机生产系统进行研究,分析其厂区物流系统,确定各作业单位之间的物流和非物流强度关系,从而确定各作业单位的综合相互关系,绘制作业单位位置相关图和面积相关图。根据物流合理化原理对厂区重新布置,为厂区的设施规划提供了科学的分析,并最终确定厂区的规划方案。     

The Intellectual Development of Science and Engineering Students. Part 1: Models and Challenges

As college students experience the challenges of their classes and extracurricular activities, most undergo a developmental progression in which they gradually relinquish their belief in the certainty of knowledge and the omniscience of authorities and take increasing responsibility for their own learning. At a high developmental level (which few reach before graduation), they recognize that all knowledge is contextual, gather and interpret evidence to support their judgments from a wide range of sources, and willingly reconsider those judgments in the light of new evidence. This paper reviews several models of intellectual development, discusses their applicability to science and engineering education, and defines the difficulties that confront instructors seeking to promote the development of their students. A companion paper formulates an instructional model for promoting development that addresses those difficulties.     

Citation Ootprint Analysis Part I: UK and US Chemical Engineering Academics

A novel method of displaying the publication and citation characteristics of outputs of researchers using a graphical "footprint" has been developed. Its first application has been to compare the publication and citation characteristics of a small group of top UK, and US academic chemical engineers. The footprint demonstrates the Relationship Factors of publications in a number of related disciplines, as defined by ISI's Journal Citation Reports. The technique has been used to compare both individual academics and each national group as a whole. The results clearly show that US academic chemical engineers are far more interdisciplinary in their output than their UK counterparts. The technique has a number of potential applications, including tracking changes in a discipline over time, tracking individual academics' output over time, and comparing different disciplines for their interdisciplinarity.     

A modified method for calculating the Impact Factors of journals in ISI Journal Citation Reports: Polymer Science Category in 1997–2001

This article introduces a new modified method for calculating the impact factor of journals based on the current ISI practice in generating journal impact factor values. The impact factor value for a journal calculated by the proposed method, the so-called Cited Half-Life Impact Factor (CHAL) method, which is based on the ratio of the number of current year citations of articles from the previous X years to that of articles published in the previous X years, the X value being equal to the value of the cited half-life of the journal in the current year. Thirty-four journals in the Polymer Science Category from the ISI Subject Heading Categories were selected and examined. Total citations, impact factors and cited half-life of the 34 journals during the last five years (1997-2001) were retrieved from the ISI Journal Citation Reports and were used as the data source for the calculations in this work, the impact factor values from ISI and CHAL methods then being compared. The positions of the journals ranked by impact factors obtained from the ISI method were different from those from the CHAL method. It was concluded that the CHAL method was more suitable for calculating the impact factor of the journals than the existing ISI method. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

材料类期刊的评价及《材料科学与工程学报》分析

本文根据《中国科技期刊引证报告(核心版)》近几年的数据,从国际期刊评价指标出发,对国内材料类中文核心期刊进行了初步评价,并对《材料科学与工程学报》在材料类核心期刊中所处的地位进行了讨论。分析了国内材料类核心期刊以及《材料科学与工程学报》的有关数据,指出了《材料科学与工程学报》面临的问题及发展方向。     

Technological Relevance of Science: An Assessment of Citation Linkages between Patents and Research Papers

Patent citations to the research literature offer a way for identifying and comparing contributions of scientific and technical knowledge to technological development. This case study applies this approach through a series of analyses of citations to Dutch research papers listed on Dutch-invented and foreign patents granted in the US during the years 1987–1996.First, we examined the general validity and utility of these data as input for quantitative analyses of science-technology interactions. The findings provide new empirical evidence in support of the general view that these citations reflect genuine links between science and technology. The results of the various analyses reveal several important features of industrially relevant Dutch science: (1) the international scientific impact of research papers that are also highly cited by patents, (2) the marked rise in citations to Dutch papers on foreign-invented patents; (3) the large share of author-inventor self-citations in Dutch-invented patents; (4) the growing relevance of the life sciences, (5) an increase in the importance of scientific co-operation. We also find significant differences between industrial sectors as well as major contributions of large science-based multinational enterprises, such as Philips, in domestic science-technology linkages.The paper concludes by discussing general benefits and limitations of this bibliometric approach for macro-level analysis of science bases in advanced industrialised countries like the Netherlands.     

The International Visibility and Citation Impact of Scandinavian Research Articles in Selected Social Science Fields: The Decay of a Myth

The article covers the period 1989–1998. It investigates the results and meaningfulness of applying the Social Science Citation Index (SSCI, ISI, USA) to publication and citation studies of nine selected Social Science research areas in Scandinavia by analysing the international visibility, the research profiles, and relative citation impact. The study demonstrates that the areas Economics, Political Science, Sociology & Anthropology, Social Policy, Language & Linguistics, and, for Denmark and Finland, Information & Library Science as well as, for Sweden, Management studies, are well anchored internationally with a visibility in line with common S&T domains. The journal article world share of the region is increasing rapidly. Other small European countries, like the Netherlands, are even more substantially represented as regards citation analyses. The conclusion is that SSCI, although biased towards Anglo-American publications, actually makes room for valid bibliometric and scientometric analyses of research published by Scandinavian and other smaller countries with English as the second language in journals regarded international by ISI.     

Statistical Analysis of Geometrical Tolerances: A Case Study

Tolerancing is one of the most important but complex activities in design. Tolerance information takes place at every phase of design activity. It represents the fundamental link between the theoretical model of the mechanical product and the actual one. During the two previous decades, engineering projects and scientific researches demonstrated that ongoing miniaturization increased the influence of geometric tolerances. They also admit that mass production is mainly based on statistical techniques. On the other hand, the decomposition of the global tolerancing process into functional-level, assembly-level, part-level, and manufacturing-level, reduces dramatically the domain of the solution. In this paper, the global tolerancing process is described and a novel method for statistical analysis of geometrical tolerances is discussed. Then the statistical approach is introduced and its performance is evaluated on a best case study. The analysis of the technical drawing of a part is given in order to highlight the advantages of the statistical approach.     

A Citation Analysis of the Research on Manufacturing and Supply Chain Flexibility

Manufacturing and supply chain flexibility has been discussed extensively in the scientific literature. Given the different definitions, types and dimensions of flexibility, the purpose of this paper is to explore the origins and structure of the scientific research on manufacturing and supply chain flexibility. We identified a sample of 153 internationally published papers and conducted a citation analysis to examine the connections between the many scientific papers and to explore the most influential works and their impact on flexibility research. Our analysis revealed that research on flexibility received the most scientific attention between 1996 and 2005. However, the majority of the currently valid types and dimensions of flexibility have been defined in the late 1980s and the early 1990s. The current paper provides the leading academic journals and papers in the field of flexibility research. Additionally, the results of our citation analysis indicate that flexibility research is significantly influenced by papers that have been presented at subject-specific conferences. Finally, our paper presents a clearly arranged structure of the most frequently cited papers dealing with manufacturing and supply chain flexibility. Furthermore, its contents and findings are briefly discussed to provide an overview of the previous academic research.     

Mechanical State Analysis of Load-Bearing Systems. Part 1. The Ultimate State

The study presents fundamentals of the ultimate state theory for the load-bearing systems operating under complex loading (mechanical fatigue, friction and wear, temperature, electrochemical corrosion). Energy criteria of the ultimate state and methods for calculating its parameters are proposed. Strength conditions taking into account both cyclic and contact loads have been set.     

The Role of Large Multinationals in the Dutch Technology Infrastructure. A Patent Citation Analysis

This paper investigates the impact of large multinational firms on the Dutch technology infrastructure. More specifically, it asks how the structure of the knowledge flows network matters for diffusion of technological knowledge in the Dutch economy. Patent citation analysis based on European Patent applications is used to quantify this network. The paper finds that there are large differences between firms in terms of the density of their 'ego-network', and the amount of knowledge spillovers to the Dutch economy that they generate.     

World literature on thorium research: A scientometric study based on Science Citation Index

Summary This paper attempts to highlight quantitatively the growth and development of world literature on thorium in terms of publication output as per Science Citation Index (1982-2004). During 1982-2004 a total of 3987 papers were published by the scientists in the field 'thorium'. The average number of publications published per year were 173. The highest number of papers 249 were published in 2001. The spurt in the literature output was reported during 1991-2004.There were 94 countries involved in the research in this field. USA is the top producing country with 1000 authorships (21.11%) followed by India with 498 authorships (10.51%). Authorship and collaboration trend was towards multi-authored papers. Intensive collaboration was found during 1990-2004.One paper 'Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research - A 406 (3) (1998) 411-426' had 64 collaborators. There were 586 international collaborative papers. Bilateral collaboration accounted for 80.55 percent of total collaborative papers. Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (India) topped the list with 153 authorships followed by Los Alamos National Laboratory (USA) with 105 authorships.The most preferred journals by the scientists were: Journal of Radioanalytical Nuclear Chemistry with 181 papers, Radiochimica Acta with 139 papers, Journal of Radioanalytical Nuclear Chemistry -Articles with 127 papers, Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta with 96 papers, Health Physics with 91 papers, Applied Radiation and Isotopes with 88 papers, Journal of Alloys and Compounds with 65 papers, Earth and Planetary Science letters with 59 papers and Chemical Geology, Indian Journal of Chemistry -A, Radiation Protection Dosimetry with 55 papers each. English was the most predominant language used by the scientists for communication. The high frequency keywords were: Thorium (500), Uranium (284), Separation (94), Thorium Isotopes (90), Thorium (IV) (86), Seawater (73), Solvent Extraction (70), and Rare Earth Elements (68).     

关于农业生产和农业科学的思考

文章从社会发展谈到农业的重要性。并根据内蒙古、新疆大面积粮食、棉花高产的事实,分析农业科学的根本任务在于创造良好的土、肥、水条件,保证作物能充分利用自然界太阳能。农业科学应该吸取生物学、地学和经济学的某些理论和方法,并不断用信息学武装自己。希望中国科技界为解决我国的农村、农民、农业问题作出贡献。     

The effect of additional citations in the stability of Journal Citation Report categories

We use a new approach to study the ranking of journals in JCR categories. The objectives of this study were to empirically evaluate the effect of increases in citations on the computation of the journal impact factor (JIF) for a large set of journals as measured by changes in JIF, and to ascertain the influence of additional citations on the rank order of journals according their new JIFs within JCR groups. To do so, modified JIFs were computed by adding additional citations to the number used by Thomson-Reuters to compute the JIF of journals listed in the JCR for 2008. We considered the effect on rank order of a given journal of adding 1, 2, 3 or more citations to the number used to compute the JIF, keeping everything else equal (i.e., without changing the JIF of other journals in a given group). The effect of additional citations on the internal structure of rankings in JCR groups increased with the number of citations added. In about one third of JCR groups, about half the journals changed their rank order when 1–5 citations were added. However, in general the rank order tended to be relatively stable after small increases in citations.     

Research performance and trends in child sexual abuse research: a Science Citation Index Expanded-based analysis

Scientometrics - In the original publication of the article, the following minor errors had occurred. The corrected text has been provided in Correction.     

A bibliometric analysis of research on proteomics in Science Citation Index Expanded

A bibliometric analysis was conducted to evaluate the global scientific output of proteomics research in the Science Citation Index Expanded from 1995 to 2010. The document types, languages, journals, categories, countries, and institutions were analyzed to obtain publication patterns. Research focuses and trends were revealed by a word cluster method related to author keywords, title, abstract, and KeyWords Plus. Bradford’s Law and the correlation between keywords and institutions were identified to look deeper into the nature works. Proteomics and Journal of Proteome Research published the most articles in proteomics research. The researchers focused on the categories of biochemical research methods, and biochemistry and molecular biology. The USA and Harvard University were the most productive country and institution, respectively, while China was the fastest-growing country due to the support by Chinese government. The distribution of author keywords provided the important clues of hot issues. Results showed that mass spectrometry and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis had been the most frequently used research methods in the past 16 years; and cancer proteomics had a strong potential in the near future. Furthermore, biologists contributed significantly to proteomics research, and were more likely to co-operate with medical scientists.