非稳定结构矿物质的接触硬化性能

本文阐述了新奇的接触硬化工艺方法制备人造石的独特优点及其基本原理。作者们用动态水热合成方法制成了性能优异的以水化硅酸钙为主的接触硬化胶凝材料,研究了它们的强度与抗水性能,制成了立即抗压强度达84Mpa的高强度接触硬化石材,以及金属与非机非金属接触硬化复合材料,讨论了接触硬化胶凝材料的发展前景。     

非稳定结构矿物质的接触硬化性能

本文阐述了新奇的接触硬化工艺方法制备人造石的独特优点及其基本原理。作者们用动态水热合成方法制成了性能优异的以水化硅酸钙为主的接触硬化胶凝材料，研究了它们的强度与抗水性能，制成了立即抗压强度达８４Ｍｐａ的高强度接触经石材，以及金属与非机非金属接触经复合材料，讨论了接触经胶凝材料的发展前景。     

大掺量钢渣复合胶凝材料早期水化性能和浆体结构

通过对胶凝材料早期水化放热性能和水化产物种类的测定,以及对硬化浆体显微形貌和孔结构的观察,研究了大掺量钢渣复合胶凝材料的早期水化性能和硬化浆体结构.结果表明:钢渣具有弱胶凝性能,早期活性低,大掺量钢渣使复合胶凝材料的水化诱导期延长,水化放热量降低,但对水泥早期的水化产物形成过程影响很小.大掺量钢渣复合胶凝材料早期的硬化浆体结构较疏松,孔隙率高于纯水泥浆体,且大孔数量较多.     

碱–磷渣–粉煤灰胶凝材料的性能与硬化浆体结构(英文)

为充分利用磷渣和粉煤灰两种工业废渣生产高性能胶凝材料,研究了不同磷渣/粉煤灰配合比的碱–磷渣–粉煤灰胶凝材料性能,并用扫描电子显微镜和压汞仪分析了硬化浆体的细观结构和孔结构。结果表明:碱–磷渣–粉煤灰胶凝材料的凝结时间正常,在粉煤灰掺量为0～30%(质量分数)范围内,随粉煤灰的掺量的增加,碱–磷渣–粉煤灰胶凝材料的凝结时间略有延长。与普通硅酸盐水泥相比,碱–磷渣胶凝材料的抗压强度较高,其3d和28d抗压强度分别可达到30.9MPa和98.8MPa,但其抗折强度相对较低。掺加粉煤灰后碱胶凝材料的抗压强度降低,而抗折强度提高。碱–磷渣–粉煤灰胶凝材料的耐蚀性和抗冻性能均显著优于硅酸盐水泥,其干缩比硅酸盐水泥的大。用部分粉煤灰取代磷渣粉可一定程度减小干缩。碱–磷渣–粉煤灰胶凝材料硬化浆体的结构非常致密,其孔隙率和平均孔径均小于普通硅酸盐水泥硬化浆体。     

不同辅助胶凝材料对快速施工用海洋硫铝酸盐水泥性能的影响及机理研究

本文通过硬化浆体的水化产物、微观结构分析,探讨了不同性质辅助胶凝材料对硫铝酸盐水泥性能的影响和机理。研究表明,不同的辅助胶凝材料对硫铝酸盐水泥的力学性能产生不同的影响;在所用的辅助胶凝材料中,除了粉煤灰外,矿粉、硅灰和石灰石利于硫铝酸盐水泥硬化浆体体积的稳定性。不同辅助胶凝材料对硫铝酸盐水泥的性能影响机理,源于其物理、化学、物理化学性质的不同,影响硬化水泥浆体中AFt的形成速度、生成量以及AFt的晶体尺寸和形貌,或抑制或促进AFt向AFm的转化,并最终决定硬化浆体微观结构的密实程度、微观缺陷的多少。     

碱-磷渣-粉煤灰胶凝材料的性能与硬化浆体结构

为充分利用磷渣和粉煤灰两种工业废渣生产高性能胶凝材料,研究了不同磷渣/粉煤灰配合比的碱-磷渣-粉煤灰胶凝材料性能,并用扫描电子显微镜和压汞仪分析了硬化浆体的细观结构和孔结构.结果表明:碱-磷渣-粉煤灰胶凝材料的凝结时间正常,在粉煤灰掺量为0～30 %(质量分数)范围内,随粉煤灰的掺量的增加,碱-磷渣-粉煤灰胶凝材料的凝结时间略有延长.与普通硅酸盐水泥相比,碱-磷渣胶凝材料的抗压强度较高,其3d和28d抗压强度分别可达到30.9MPa和98.8MPa,但其抗折强度相对较低.掺加粉煤灰后碱胶凝材料的抗压强度降低,而抗折强度提高.碱-磷渣-粉煤灰胶凝材料的耐蚀性和抗冻性能均显著优于硅酸盐水泥,其干缩比硅酸盐水泥的大.用部分粉煤灰取代磷渣粉可一定程度减小干缩.碱-磷渣-粉煤灰胶凝材料硬化浆体的结构非常致密,其孔隙率和平均孔径均小于普通硅酸盐水泥硬化浆体.     

碱激发胶凝材料及混凝土研究进展

综合评述了碱激发胶凝材料及其混凝土的研究进展,总结了影响碱激发胶凝材料性能的主要因素,着重介绍了采用碱激发胶凝材料配制的混凝土性能最新研究进展,包括新拌混凝土拌合物和易性、硬化混凝土强度和抗化学侵蚀、碱集料反应、对钢筋的保护作用等耐久性问题以及硬化混凝土变形性能等,并提出当前研究存在的问题和今后研究的发展方向.     

水对碱矿渣胶凝材料介电性能的影响(Ⅰ)

研究了碱激发矿渣(alkali active slag cement,AASC)胶凝材料的介电性能.结果表明:在100℃干燥4h可以消除胶凝材料硬化浆体中自由水对其介电性能的影响.介电频谱表明:在高频区域,胶凝材料的介电常数(εr)在6～8之间,介电损耗(tanδ)在0.02～0.04之间;但是,干燥样品放置在相对湿度约为40%的大气环境中与水汽接触时,胶凝材料表面的毛细孔吸附空气中的水汽,饱和吸附量的质量分数(下同)约为1.2%,导致胶凝硬化浆体的εr和tanδ急剧增大.因此,通过低温干燥处理不能改善胶凝硬化浆体的吸水性能.进一步的差热分析(differential thermal analysis,DTA)和热重分析(thermogravimetry analysis,TGA)可知:100℃干燥样品中仍有2%左右的化合水,这是干燥样品tanδ仍然高于陶瓷材料的主要原因.     

原状磷石膏-富镁镍渣基胶凝材料制备及性能评价

磷肥工业废弃物磷石膏和冶金工业废弃物富镁镍渣每年的排放量较大,由于二者具有胶凝活性较低和安定性差等缺点,导致其利用率较低。本文将原状磷石膏和富镁镍渣协同利用制备胶凝材料,研究了磷石膏-富镁镍渣基胶凝材料基础性能。通过对浆体的流动度、硬化体的力学性能,以及28 d吸水率和软化系数进行评价,为原状磷石膏和富镁镍渣协同综合利用提供实验支持。研究结果表明：磷石膏-富镁镍渣胶凝材料硬化体抗压强度28 d强度可达31.7 MPa,且耐水性好吸水率为2.46%,软化系数为0.91。将制得的磷石膏-富镁镍渣基胶凝材料硬化体与32.5普通硅酸盐水泥进行对比,性能相接近。     

水泥-矿渣粉-粉煤灰复合胶凝材料特性研究

对水泥、矿渣、粉煤灰分别粉磨复配制成复合胶凝材料,并与硅酸盐水泥进行水化热、水化性能、抗硫酸盐性能的对比研究.结果证实:复合胶凝材料的水化热较低,抗硫酸盐性能好,耐久性好:而且生产复合胶凝材料对降低水泥产品环境负荷具有良好的效果.     

Strength development and hydrate formation rate. Investigation on anhydrite binders

It does not seem possible to obtain an accurate correlation between the strength development and the rate of calcium sulfate dihydrate formation in anhydrite binders. Investigations on the hydration and hardening of anhydrite samples from different origins allows us to point out that the representation of strength versus the calcium sulfate dihydrate content of the hardened material leads to a diagramm with very scattered experimental points. That is due to a large variation in both the porosity and the crystal habit of dihydrate crystal which are directly connected to the nucleation rate during the hydration reaction. This observation is certainly not limited to anhydrite binders.     

聚合MDI粘合剂在人造板工业中的应用

聚合MDI作为粘合剂应用于人造板加工业的起源、发展、特点、工业化中尚存在的一些问题及解决方法     

Heat-resistant properties of cement stone with finely milled refractory additives

The behavior of the structure of cement stone is investigated as a function of the heating temperature. The physicochemical processes occurring in cement stone under the effect of high temperatures are described. The variety of binding compositions makes it possible to control the requisite properties within a wide range and take into account the requirements imposed on heat-resistant concrete regarding the rate of hardening, strength, heat resistance, and other properties. Translated from Ogneupory i Tekhnicheskaya Keramika, No. 5, pp. 10–11, May, 1996.     

Rapid hardening cement-gypsum composites for shotcreting on the base of bulgarian raw materials Part II. Structural Investigations, Tests in Production Conditions, conclusions

The results obtained by X-ray, calorimetric and electron microscopy investigations are discussed. The hydration process and structure formation of the proposed rapid hardening composites for shotcreting on the basis of combined binders is outlined. The relation between the strength and deformability indices and the structural characteristics is analyzed. The results obtained from these tests carried out in production conditions -- widening of the tunnel -- are also analyzed. Conclusions about the application for shotcreting of the offered composites are drawn.     

Novel geopolymeric material cured at room temperature

Abstract

Abstract

Alkali activated binders are a new class of binding material with comparable or enhanced performance to Portland cement. These binding materials are obtained by a chemical reaction between an aluminosilicate material and a highly alkaline solution. In most cases, the setting hardening process of this binder is performed at high curing temperatures. In this paper, alkali activated mortars based on vitreous calcium aluminosilicate (VCAS) cured at room temperature are evaluated. Mechanical strength development and microstructural analysis (scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction and mercury intrusion porosimetry) of these materials are performed. Mortars yielded compressive strength ～89 MPa after 360 days. This is the first time that VCAS is used as aluminosilicate source material in the production of alkali activated mortars cured at room temperature.     

高炉瓦斯灰含碳球团粘结剂研究

在掌握高炉瓦斯灰和粘结剂特性的基础上,通过测试生球、干球和焙烧后球团的抗压强度和落下强度,实验考察单一粘结剂和复合粘结剂对高炉瓦斯灰含碳球团强度的影响. 结果表明,加入淀粉类粘结剂能改善球团的低温强度,生球的抗压和落下强度分别达到72 N/个和5.9次/0.5 m;干球的抗压和落下强度分别达到58 N/个和4.3次/0.5 m;但焙烧后球团的抗压强度相对较低. 加入水玻璃含硅类粘结剂能改善其高温强度,焙烧后球团抗压强度最高达到1764 N/个,但生球和干球的强度较低,达不到生产要求. 加入玉米淀粉和水玻璃组成的复合粘结剂后球团强度的改善效果更明显,生球的抗压和落下强度最高达到60 N/个和5.5次/0.5 m;干球的抗压和落下强度达到55 N/个和3.4次/0.5 m;焙烧后球团的抗压强度最高达到1958 N/个.     

Investigations about the effect of aggregates on strength and microstructure of geopolymeric mine waste mud binders

Geopolymeric binders appear to be an alternative to traditional Portland cement, due to high mechanical performances and environmental advantages. Some aspects related to the effect of aggregates in the microstructure and mechanical behaviour of geopolymeric mine waste mud (GMWM) binders are reported in the present study. Compressive and tensile strength of mine waste mud binders were analyzed. The factors investigated were the aggregate/binder ratio, the aggregate dimension and aggregate type, schist, granite and limestone.Test results showed that GMWM binders have a very high strength at early ages and also possess a very high tensile strength. It's suggested that behaviour may be due to the dissolution of quartz and alumina in the presence of alkalis enhancing bonding between paste and aggregates.The aggregate dimension showed only significant effect on tensile strength. Limestone aggregates showed a chemical bond to the alkali-activated paste but presented higher shrinkage. It was also found that no traditional porous ITZ was detected in GMWM binders.     

Polyurethane macromers—new building blocks for acrylic hybrid emulsions with outstanding performance

Emulsion polymerization is an efficient process to produce waterborne binders. It has been observed that films prepared from traditional latices do not show high performance especially concerning humidity and stone chip resistance. Polymeric emulsifiers are promising alternatives to low molecular weight surfactants. Polyurethanes are an interesting polymer class. The structure of the polymer backbone can be varied in a wide range by using different building blocks. The synthesis of copolymerizable polyurethanes, which have an amphiphilic structure similar to traditional surfactants, and their use in aqueous polymerization is discussed in detail. This process leads to polymer emulsions with structured particle morphology. The resulting films show outstanding properties. The polyurethane–polyacrylic dispersions can be used as binders for high performance waterborne coating formulations.     

复合型陶瓷薄板的制备及其力学性能

作为一种轻薄、低能耗的功能化产品,陶瓷薄板因强度低而应用受限,如何对其进行低成本增强成为工业领域研究热点。本文以构筑“纤维布-黏结剂-陶瓷薄板”多层复合结构作为切入点,将多种工业级纤维布、黏结剂和陶瓷薄板进行二次后加工复合,制备了兼具低成本和优异力学性能的复合型陶瓷薄板,探究了其断裂面微观形貌及断裂机理。经研究表明,“碳纤维布-环氧树脂-陶瓷薄板”复合型陶瓷薄板具有最佳界面结合强度及力学性能,其抗弯强度和承载冲击能量分别为85.26 MPa和1.45 J,与陶瓷薄板坯体相比,性能提升幅度分别高达22.98%和141.67%。“纤维布-黏结剂-陶瓷薄板”多层复合结构能够有效提升陶瓷薄板综合力学性能,陶瓷薄板内部存在微裂纹拓展、纤维偏转等多种良性强韧化机制。     

Physical and mechanical properties of zirconium dioxide refractories and their resistance to attack by molten metals

Conclusions Using the method of experimental planning, we studied the effect of the binders and the strengthening and the sintering additives on the contact angle and the ultimate compressive strength of the specimens obtained from the zirconia ramming and concrete bodies and derived the linear regression equations that make it possible to establish the regularities of the effect of the additives on the investigated properties. It was shown that the addition of the zirconium-containing binders increases the contact angle from 110 up to 113–118°. On increasing the quantity of these binders up to 20%, it attains a value of 130°. Similarly, addition of the organosilicon (silicone) binder has a favorable effect. The maximum resistance to the action of molten metals is observed when using the bodies containing 5% graphite; the graphite-containing bodies are also characterized by the maximum contact angle (130–135°).Translated from Ogneupory, No.7, pp. 5–10, July, 1993.