The use of the pasty "Zdorov'e" ("Health") in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia]

Paste "Zdorovie", a product with high content of protein and assimilable iron, developed at the Moscow Institute of Applied Biotechnology, has been proved to be effective in the combined antianemia therapy. Improved hemograms and biochemical parameters were recorded in 60 pregnant women and nursing mothers suffering from iron-deficiency anemia (IDA). The data obtained have permitted the authors to recommend paste "Zdorovie" for combined treatment of IDA in pregnant women and to consider it promising in prevention of IDA in nursing mothers.     

Abiotic reduction reactions of dichloroacetamide safeners: transformations of "inert" agrochemical constituents

Safeners are so-called "inert" constituents of herbicide formulations added to protect crops from the toxic effects of herbicides. We examined the reactivity of three dichloroacetamide safeners and 12 structural analogues [all neutral compounds of the form Cl(2)CXC(═O)NRR'; X = H, Cl; R-groups include alkyl, branched alkyl, n-allyl, and cyclic moieties] in one homogeneous and two heterogeneous reductant systems: solutions of Cr(H(2)O)(6)(2+), suspensions of Fe(II)-amended goethite, and suspensions of Fe(II)-amended hematite. Analyses of reaction products indicate each safener can undergo stepwise hydrogenolysis (replacement of chlorine by hydrogen) in each system at near-neutral pH. The first hydrogenolysis step generates compounds similar (in one case, identical) to herbicide active ingredients. Rates of product formation and (when reactions were sufficiently fast) parent loss were quantified; reaction rates in heterogeneous systems spanned 2 orders of magnitude and were strongly influenced by R-group structure. The length of n-alkyl R-groups exerted opposite effects on hydrogenolysis rates in homogeneous versus heterogeneous systems: as R-group size increased, reduction rates in heterogeneous systems increased, whereas reduction rates in the homogeneous system decreased. Branched alkyl R-groups decreased hydrogenolysis rates relative to their straight-chain homologues in both homogeneous and heterogeneous systems. Reaction rates in heterogeneous systems can be described via polyparameter linear free energy relationships employing molecular parameters likely to influence dichloroacetamide adsorption. The propensity of dichloroacetamide safeners to undergo reductive transformations into herbicide-like products challenges their classification as "inert" agrochemical ingredients.     

Multilocus Genetic Characterization of Two Ant Vectors (Group II "Dirty 22" Species) Known To Contaminate Food and Food Products and Spread Foodborne Pathogens

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration utilizes the presence of filth and extraneous materials as one of the criteria for implementing regulatory actions and assessing adulteration of food products of public health importance. Twenty-two prevalent pest species (also known as the 'Dirty 22' species) have been considered by this agency as possible vehicles for the spread of foodborne diseases, and the presence of these species is considered an indicator of unsanitary conditions in food processing and storage facilities. In a previous study, we further categorized the Dirty 22 species into four groups: group I includes four cockroach species, group II includes two ant species, group III includes 12 fly species, and group IV includes four rodent species. Here, we describe the development of three nested PCR primer sets and multilocus genetic characterization by amplifying the small subunit rRNA, elongation factor 1-alpha, and wingless (WNT-1) genes of group II Dirty 22 ant species Monomorium pharaonis and Solenopsis molesta. These novel group II Dirty 22 species-specific nested PCR primer sets can be used when the specimens cannot be identified using conventional microscopic methods. These newly developed assays will provide correct identification of group II Dirty 22 ant species, and the information can be used in the control of foodborne pathogens.     

"国窖·1573"对正常大鼠血压的影响

目的:研究“国窖.1573”对正常大鼠血压的影响。方法:连续灌服52°、45°、38°“国窖.1573”及45°对照酒14d9、0d后通过二道生理记录仪分别测大鼠血压。结果:连续灌服不同度数“国窖.1573”14d后,大鼠血压分别为15.66±2.53kpa、17.10±4.32kpa、16.04±2.42kpa,与生理盐水组(16.04±2.42kpa)比较无差异(P>0.05);连续灌服不同度数“国窖.1573”90d后,大鼠血压分别为16.36±2.17kpa、17.28±3.45kpa、17.04±2.52kpa,与生理盐水组(16.54±2.31kpa)比较无差异(P>0.05)。结论:连续灌服52°、45°3、8°“国窖.1573”14、90d后对正常大鼠动脉血压无影响。     

Composition and sensory evaluation of lamb carcasses used for the traditional Mexican lamb dish, "barbacoa"

The objective of this study was to determine the differences in carcass characteristics and sensory attributes of "barbacoa" (a traditional Mexican lamb dish), both of imported (New Zealand) and domestic lambs in Mexico. A total of 28 carcasses from Pelibuey, Pelibuey×Suffolk and imported lambs were used. Carcass composition was determined by dissection of primal cuts from the left half of each carcass. The "barbacoa" from each ovine group was prepared separately in order to perform a consumer sensory evaluation for aroma, taste and tenderness. Results showed that imported lambs had larger carcasses, greater fatness and had better conformation than national lambs. There was no difference between groups in terms of lean tissue percentage (muscle+others) or in total carcass fat. The sensory attributes of the "barbacoa" did not differ among breeds. Pelibuey lambs (rustic, prolific and adaptable to the wide variety of Mexican climates) show competitive production performance in relation to specialized breeds.     

Morphological differences and classifications of small spines of puffer fishes

The differences among the small spines of 6 species of puffers have been clarified by means of microscopic observation. Small spines of puffers arise from the basement, which is composed of spines protruding from the surface skin, with roots extending horizontally in all directions in the layer under the surface skin. Using the characteristic shapes of the basement, we have classified the puffer group of "Sansaifugu" (Takifugu flavidus) and "Mefugu" (T. obscurus) as Type I and the group of "Shirosabafugu" (Lagocephalus wheeleri), "Kurosabafugu" (L. gloveri), "Dokusabafugu" (L. lunaris) and "Motosabafugu" (L. spadiceus) as Type II. The number of fore and back roots, including the branches at the ends, further varies in each group. The length and width of each root were measured. As a result, similar species within the group comprising "Sansaifugu" (T. flavidus) and "Mefugu" (T. obscurus) and 4 species of the "Sabafugu" (Lagocephalus) group including "Dokusabafugu" (L. lunaris) have been clearly distinguished. We conclude that examination of the shape of the basement of small spines can be an effective identification index.     

安五脂素对大鼠肠缺血再灌注致肝损伤的保护作用

目的:研究安五脂素（Anwulignan）对大鼠肠缺血再灌注（intestinal ischemia/reperfusion,II/R）致远隔肝损伤的改善作用及其作用机制。方法:将SD大鼠随机均分为假手术（Sham）组、缺血再灌注（II/R）组、假手术+ Anwulignan（Sham+Anwu）组和II/R+Anwulignan（II/R+Anwu）组。假手术及II/R结束后,腹主动脉取血,取肝脏。光镜观察肝组织病理学改变,检测血清谷丙转氨酶（ALT）及谷草转氨酶（AST）活性、肝活性氧（ROS）、蛋白激酶C（PKC）含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶（GST）活性,以及丙二醛（MDA）和8-羟基脱氧鸟苷（8-OHdG）含量。结果:光镜下Sham组大鼠肝组织结构正常,II/R组出现组织病理学改变,与II/R组比较,II/R+Anwu组损伤明显减轻。与Sham组相比,II/R组大鼠血清ALT及AST的活性,肝ROS、MDA、8-OHdG及PKC含量极显著升高（P<0.01）,肝SOD、GST活性极显著降低（P<0.01）,CAT活性显著降低（P<0.05）;而Sham+Anwu组大鼠的这些指标均无显著性变化（P>0.05）。与II/R组比较,II/R+Anwu组大鼠血清AST活性,肝MDA、8-OHdG含量极显著降低（P<0.01）,ALT活性、肝ROS以及PKC水平显著降低（P<0.05）,肝SOD、CAT及GST活性极显著升高（P<0.01）。结论:安五脂素能够提高肝组织抗氧化能力,改善II/R大鼠致肝损伤。     

清雅型“玉冰烧”白酒酒体风格特征研究

该研究通过对清雅型“玉冰烧”白酒、传统豉香型白酒、传统清香型白酒代表产品的酒体风格特征进行综合比较分析,剖析清雅型“玉冰烧”白酒酒体风格特征。感官品评结果表明,清雅型“玉冰烧”白酒在米香、醇香、绵甜感等方面表现较好,主要体现为香气清爽、淡雅,口感绵甜、爽洌。风味构成分析结果表明,清雅型“玉冰烧”白酒整体酯类比较单一,以乙酸乙酯和乳酸乙酯为主,且乳酸乙酯和乙酸乙酯的比值（1.3）独特,酯类含量（945.50 mg/L）较低;有机酸含量（1 530.23 mg/L）较高,以乙酸和乳酸为主;高级醇（1 555.31 mg/L）及多元醇含量（383.67 mg/L）较高。独特的风味构成是清雅型“玉冰烧”白酒清爽、淡雅、绵甜、爽洌的重要原因之一。     

Development of a PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism protocol for rapid detection and differentiation of four cockroach vectors (group I "Dirty 22" species) responsible for food contamination and spreading of foodborne pathogens: public health importance

Assessing the adulteration of food products and the presence of filth and extraneous materials is one of the measures that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) utilizes in implementing regulatory actions of public health importance. To date, 22 common pest species (also known as the "Dirty 22" species) have been regarded by this agency as the spreaders of foodborne diseases. We have further categorized the Dirty 22 species into four groups: I has four cockroach species, II has two ant species, III has 12 fly species, and IV has four rodent species. The presence of any Dirty 22 species is also considered an indicator of unsanitary conditions in food processing and storage facilities. In this study, we describe the development of a two-step nested PCR protocol to amplify the small subunit ribosomal gene of group I Dirty 22 species that include four cockroach species: Blattella germanica, Blatta orientalis, Periplaneta americana, and Supella longipalpa, along with the development of a PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism method for rapid detection and differentiation of these violative species. This method will be utilized when the specimen cannot be identified with conventional microscopic taxonomic methods, especially when only small body parts are separated and recovered from food samples for analysis or when these body parts are in a decomposed state. This new PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism will provide correct identification of group I Dirty 22 species; this information can then be used in regulation and prevention of foodborne pathogens.     

"国窖1573"对慢性肾衰大鼠肾功能的影响

目的:观察“国窖1573”对慢性肾衰大鼠肾功能的影响。方法:将85只大鼠随机分组;选用腺嘌呤(250mg/kg/d)灌胃给药造模;造模及给酒期间观察大鼠一般情况及死亡情况;按试剂盒说明检测血清肌酐及尿素氮;以双肾重除以体重计算肾脏指数,并测量肾长径;观察肾组织病理学改变。结果:“国窖1573”52°、45°、38°及对照酒组各指标与生理盐水组比较,具有显著差异(p<0.05),与模型组相比无差异(p>0.05)。结论:“国窖1573”52°、45°、38°组对慢性肾衰大鼠肾功能无影响。     

<Emphasis Type="SmallCaps">l</Emphasis>-Cysteine Functionalized Silica Gel as an Efficient Adsorbent for the Determination of Heavy Metals in Foods by ICP-MS

A novel l-cysteine functionalized silica gel adsorbent (SG-Cys) was successfully synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra and elemental analysis. An efficient method for simultaneous determination of heavy metals [V (V), Cr (VI), Cu (II), As (V), Cd (II), and Pb (II)] was developed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) coupled with pre-concentration with the prepared SG-Cys adsorbent. The experimental parameters, including the solution pH, sample flow rate, eluent volume, eluent type, and concentration, have been systematically optimized to obtain higher enrichment factors of target ions. Under the optimum conditions, the enrichment factors of V (V), Cr (VI), Cu (II), As (V), Cd (II), and Pb (II) reached 123, 100, 86, 106, 97, and 94, respectively, and the detection limits were as low as 1.8–3.7 ng L^?1. The proposed method has been applied to the determination of trace heavy metals in water, rice, wheat, corn, and tea samples, which exhibited a satisfactory recovery in the range of 90.6–106.0 %.     

Glycolytic Intermediates and Co-Factors in "Fast-" and "Slow-Glycolyzing" Muscles of the Pig

SUMMARY— The Longissimus dorsi muscles from Chester White, Hampshire and Poland China animals were used to establish certain differences in metabolic intermediate patterns between muscles with "fast" and "slow" rates of post-mortem glycolysis. Metabolic intermediate patterns were consistent with the concept that phosphorylase is the primary control site of postmortem glycolysis. Adenine nucleotide levels appeared to be the primary regulatory factors for phosphorylase. The phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase enzymes were also involved in post-mortem glycolytic control. Levels of high-energy intermediates (adenosine triphosphate, phosphocreatine and pyridine nucleotides) were much higher in the "O" hr samples of "slow-glycolyzing" muscles than in similar samples from muscles having "fast" rates of post-mortem glycolysis. No significant differences in levels of lactate or glucose were observed among these three groups in blood samples taken either at or 24 hr prior to the time of exsanguination.     

Transformation of substituted cinnamic acids using l-cysteine metal complexes in aqueous media

4-Hydroxycinnamic, 4-methoxycinnamic, ferulic and cinnamic acids were both non-oxidatively and oxidatively decarboxylated in alkaline aqueous media in the presence of l-cysteine–Fe(II) and l-cysteine–Co(II) heterogeneous catalysts using hydrogen peroxide or molecular oxygen. GC/MS analysis of diethylether extracts of reaction mixtures confirmed that the addition of hydrogen peroxide resulted predominantly in oxidative decarboxylation of substituted cinnamic acids, producing the corresponding carbonyl compounds (4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 4-methoxybenzaldehyde, vanillin, benzaldehyde). On the other hand, saturation of this heterogeneous reaction system with molecular oxygen led to the formation of a variety of products, probably via peroxoacid anions or peroxoradical intermediates, e.g., ferulic acid was transformed to vinylguaiacol and vanillin with yields of 22% and 0.7%, respectively.     

Rigor Tension Development in Excised "Rested", "Partially Exercised" and "Exhausted" Chinook Salmon White Muscle

Isometric rigorometry was used to study rigor tensions in "rested", "partially exercised" and "exhausted" chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ) white muscle at the pre-mortem acclimated temperature. Conservative handling and anaesthesia (AQUI-STM) minimized pre-mortem exercise and provided "rested" fish. Post-mortem electrical stimulation produced "partially exercised" (180 contractions) and "exhausted" (360 contractions) muscle. A "relaxation" stress that decreased with increasing exercise was measured. The amplitude of the "relaxation" and contraction stress was the same for each treatment (F_2,12= 0.24; p=0.79). Rigor contraction onset coincided with an intra-muscular pH of 6.6 in each treatment (F_2,12=0.28, p=0.76). Contraction stress abatement coincided with an "ultimate" pH of 6.2 in each of the treatments (F_1,12=0.05; p=0.83).     

南宋赵伯澐墓“编织鞋”技艺研究北大核心CSCD

浙江省台州市黄岩区南宋赵伯澐墓出土一双丝质“编织鞋”,其制作技艺精巧独特,令人称奇。文章运用实物观察、比较分析、推理验证等研究方法,首先对实物进行观察分析,描述其各部分基本特征;然后将“编织鞋”与其他古代鞋履进行比较,宏观上推测其制作方法,进而转入微观视角,绘制鞋面组织结构图,推测鞋面成形工艺;最后以实践的方式进行验证。研究表明:赵伯澐墓“编织鞋”实际是采用了满地环编绣的装饰技法,并非严格意义上的“编织鞋”。通过研究不仅有利于保护与传承传统文化,同时也有助于启发当代织绣设计的创新发展。     

蔗糖晶体的“生长分散”与“生长集中”现象

本文简要介绍了在华南理工大学工业结晶实验室进行的有关蔗糖晶体生长性态的研究,以及在煮糖结晶过程中观察到的现象,论述了产生“生长分散”的主要原因,指出“生长分散”、“尺寸分散”不是蔗糖晶体的内在生长特性,而是由于生长环境不均匀所造成的。文中以大量事实说明:在蔗糖晶核的生长过程中还存在着使尺寸趋于均匀统一的“生长集中”现象,并对这一现象产生的机理条件和达到“生产集中”状态所需采取的手段进行了分析、论证。     

1934年哈尔滨《国际协报·文艺》周刊研究

1934年存在的《国际协报.文艺》周刊印证了20世纪30年代哈尔滨作者群的文艺贡献,折射了这一时期日伪政权文化殖民统治的加厉,凸显了左翼文艺思潮在现代哈尔滨文化史上的地位和价值。作为大众传播媒介的《文艺》周刊实现了文化传承功能,作为＂弱者的强音＂的《国际协报》副刊走过了从哈尔滨作者群的文艺阵地到＂东北作家群的摇篮＂过渡的历史过程。     

Substrate specifity of "cholesteroloxidase" for the enzymatic determination of cholesterol]

The substrate specifity of "Cholesteroloxidase" (E.C.1.1.3.6) from Nocardia erythropolis was studied. The main sterols from animal and plant fats and 4-methylsterols as well as one triterpene served as substrates. The enzyme is not specific for cholesterol but also reacts with all the natural 3 beta-hydroxysterols. However, the enzymatic reaction may contribute as a new analytical method to determine the "total sterols" in the unsaponifiable matter of fats.     

Influence of keeping system on the fatty acid composition in the <Emphasis Type="Italic">longissimus</Emphasis> muscle of bulls and odorants formed after pressure-cooking

German Simmental bulls were kept either in a stable (group 1) or on a pasture (group 2). For both groups the intramuscular fat content of the longissimus muscle and the fatty acid composition in phospholipids and triacylglycerols were investigated. Significant influences of feeding were shown in most fatty acids measured in both lipid classes. In concentrate-fed bulls a higher content of linoleic acid (C18:2n-6) was detected, corresponding to the large amount of linoleic acid found in concentrate used as feed. In contrast, bulls fed grass proved to have a higher linolenic acid (C18:3n-3) content, also correlating well with the larger amount of linolenic acid found in grass. Pressure-cooking of the beef followed by an analysis of eight important meat odorants revealed that, in line with the higher concentrations of the precursor fatty acids C18:3n-3 and C18:1 in muscle of group 2, (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienal (from C18:3n-3) as well as nonanal and octanal (from C18:1) were much higher in the processed meat of animals fed grass. On the other hand, the much higher amounts of C18:2n-6 in bulls fed concentrate were well-reflected by higher concentrations of five aroma compounds known to be formed by a thermal degradation of this acid, e.g. (E,E)-2,4-decadienal.     

壮族布傣族群女子“长袍黑衣”服饰的艺术特征

布傣族群是古骆越人的后裔,属于壮族的一个支系,是中国与越南的跨境民族。“长袍黑衣”是布傣族群女子演奏天琴时所穿着的服饰,地域性特色鲜明,与其他壮族支系有较大的区别;服饰款式与制作工艺独特,具有较强的民族文化内涵和较高的艺术审美价值。通过实地考察调研后,解析了“长袍黑衣”服饰的款式特点及形成原因,阐释了布傣族群的服饰文化。在全球化语境下,如何挖掘布傣族群服饰的特色与价值,传承、弘扬民族文化,有待关注与更深入的探讨。