进气温度对甲醇均质压燃燃烧特性的影响

在一台快速压缩机上模拟甲醇HCCI的燃烧过程,通过缸压曲线和活塞位移曲线等数据进行计算分析,研究了进气温度对甲醇均质压燃燃烧特性的影响规律。结果表明,当其他边界条件一定时,随着甲醇混合气进气温度的增加,甲醇HCCI的燃烧始点提前,缸内压力升高率峰值增加,放热率峰值增加,燃烧持续期缩短。     

燃烧室形状对船用天然气发动机的燃烧特性

针对船用多点喷射稀薄燃烧天然气发动机的天然气燃烧速度慢、缸内燃烧效率低的问题,本文从燃烧室形状入手,利用三维数值模拟方法,研究了3种不同燃烧室形状(原机、缩口形燃烧室、敞口形燃烧室)对燃烧特性的影响。由缸内流场、湍动能场、混合气分布状态、燃烧过程进行微观揭示的结果表明：缩口形燃烧室缸内最大燃烧压力相比于原机增加8.4%、峰值相位提前3℃A。敞口形燃烧室缸内最大燃烧压力相比原机降低8.9%,峰值相位推迟。缩口形燃烧室缸内平均湍动能较大,高湍动能区域更加靠近燃烧室内部,混合气分布更为聚拢,活塞上行至上止点过程中形成有利于火焰传播的滚流区,此诸多因素提高了燃烧效率。敞口形燃烧室降低火力岸余隙空间,混合气分布也较为聚拢,但挤气面积的减小使得缸内平均湍动能降低,进而天然气燃烧速度与燃烧效率降低。     

自由活塞汽油直线发电机燃烧过程特性

为了获得自由活塞汽油直线发电机工作过程中的燃烧特性,根据试验测得的活塞运动曲线对其燃烧过程进行了CFD仿真研究,并对比传统发动机分析了两种发动机活塞运动规律差异对燃烧过程的影响规律。研究发现:与传统发动机相比,自由活塞汽油发电机缸内最高燃烧压力和平均温度均较小,且最高燃烧压力保持时间较短,这有助于减少NO污染物;自由活塞直线发电机燃烧放热率呈现"缓和长"的特点,燃烧放热过程等容度较低;自由活塞直线发电机较少的混合气在上止点前完成燃烧,压缩行程负功较小,但由于后燃较严重,其指示效率较传统发动机低。     

直喷汽油机SI/HCCI燃烧过程的CFD模拟研究

建立了缸内直喷HCCI汽油机三维数值模型,且搭建了CFD-化学动力学反应机理计算模型.基于该计算模型平台研究了缸内直喷汽油机SI/HCCI燃烧模式下的燃烧与排放特性.分析了缸内喷雾发展过程、混合气空间分布以及不同燃烧模式下缸内压力与NO排放.研究结果表明,与传统火花点火燃烧模式相比,均质压燃模式下缸内温度空间分布更佳均匀;缸内压力升高率更高;但是燃烧持续期有所缩短.     

柴油机燃烧室结构对混合气形成及燃烧特性的影响

针对已开发的2.0L型高压共轨直喷柴油机燃烧室,利用FIRE软件建立其仿真计算模型,仿真分析了不同燃烧室结构对缸内速度场以及湍流特性的影响,并引入与混合气形成和燃烧过程密切相关的无量纲参数Da数,研究了燃烧室结构形状对混合气形成机理、燃烧过程以及NO和SOOT生成率的影响。结果表明:通过合理设计燃烧室的结构形状可以有效组织混合气的形成和燃烧过程,从而抑制NO和SOOT的生成。     

涡流比对柴油机双ω燃烧系统性能的影响

为了改善柴油机喷雾空间分布,提高缸内混合气形成质量,提出了双ω型燃烧室及与之相匹配的双排喷孔的新型燃烧系统.在试验缸压曲线与仿真曲线基本吻合的前提下,应用AVL FIRE软件对不同涡流比的缸内喷雾、混合气形成和燃烧过程进行了数值模拟,分析了其对缸内速度场、浓度场及燃烧排放特性的影响.结果表明:随着涡流比增大,预混燃烧阶段形成的混合气增多,滞燃期缩短.当涡流比为2.0时,Soot排放最低.随着涡流比继续增大,在强涡流的作用下,油束末端撞壁后产生一个局部环状涡旋,燃烧恶化,Soot排放明显增加.     

燃烧室偏置对缸内流场的影响

为研究燃烧室结构对柴油机混合气形成和燃烧的影响,对某燃烧室在偏心与非偏心情况下进行了对比计算.计算结果表明,燃烧室位置对混合气有重要影响,偏心燃烧室有利于涡流的形成,涡流强度比非偏心的大,缸内混合气呈非对称分布;同时,偏心燃烧室对喷油器喷油要求加大,寻求合适的偏心率以达到缸内混合气的最佳形成和燃烧也有一定的难度.计算结果对燃烧室改进有一定指导意义.     

缸内直接喷射LPG发动机混合气形成过程模拟

缸内直接喷射发动机具有良好的工作稳定性和负荷特性,可以在部分负荷下实现分层燃烧,大大提升了燃油经济性。其中,组织形成合适的缸内混合气分布是缸内直接喷射发动机稳定工作的关键。本文使用FIRE软件建立了液化石油气(LPG,Liquefied Petroleum Gas)的缸内直接喷射和混合气形成过程的数值模型,解析了液态LPG喷射以后缸内混合气的浓度场,以及LPG-空气在缸内的速度分布。     

缸内直接喷射LPG发动机混合气形成过程模拟

缸内直接喷射发动机具有良好的工作稳定性和负荷特性,可以在部分负荷下实现分层燃烧,大大提升了燃油经济性。其中,组织形成合适的缸内混合气分布是缸内直接喷射发动机稳定工作的关键。本文使用FIRE软件建立了液化石油气（LPG;Liquefied Petroleum Gas）的缸内直接喷射和混合气形成过程的数值模型,解析了液态IPG喷射以后缸内混合气的浓度场,以及IPG-空气在缸内的速度分布。     

用快速压缩机研究异辛烷燃料均质压燃的燃烧特性

利用快速压缩机研究了混合气浓度和进气温度对异辛烷均质压燃燃烧特性的影响。试验表明:随着进气温度的升高,燃烧始点提前,燃烧持续期缩短,最高燃烧温度升高,最大燃烧放热率增加,最大压力升高率增大,最大压力升高率出现时刻提前;随着可燃混合气过量空气系数的增加,燃烧始点延迟,着火温度升高,燃料的最高燃烧温度降低,最大放热率降低,最大压力升高率降低,最大压力升高率出现时刻延迟,燃烧持续期增加。     

Numerical investigations on HCCI engine with increased induction induced swirl and engine speed

Homogeneous charge compression ignition(HCCI) mode of combustion is popularly known for achieving simultaneous reduction of NOx as well as soot emissions as it combines the compression ignition(CI) and spark ignition(SI) engine features. In this work, a CI engine was simulated to work in HCCI mode and was analyzed to study the effect of induction induced swirl under varying speeds using three-zone extended coherent flame combustion model(ECFM-3Z, compression ignition) of STAR-CD. The analysis was done considering speed ranging from 800 to 1600 r/min and swirl ratios from 1 to 4. The present study reveals that ECFM-3Z model has well predicted the performance and emissions of CI engine in HCCI mode. The simulation predicts reduced in-cylinder pressures, temperatures, wall heat transfer losses, and piston work with increase in swirl ratio irrespective of engine speed. Also, simultaneous reduction in CO2 and NOx emissions is realized with higher engine speeds and swirl ratios. Low speeds and swirl ratios are favorable for low CO2 emissions. It is observed that increase in engine speed causes a marginal reduction in in-cylinder pressures and temperatures. Also, higher turbulent energy and velocity magnitude levels are obtained with increase in swirl ratio, indicating efficient combustion necessitating no modifications in combustion chamber design. The investigations reveal a total decrease of 38.68% in CO2 emissions and 12.93% in NOx emissions when the engine speed increases from 800 to 1600 r/min at swirl ratio of 4. Also an increase of 14.16% in net work done is obtained with engine speed increasing from 800 to 1600 r/min at swirl ratio of 1. The simulation indicates that there is a tradeoff observed between the emissions and piston work. It is finally concluded that the HCCI combustion can be regarded as low temperature combustion as there is significant decrease in in-cylinder temperatures and pressures at higher speeds and higher swirl ratios.     

快速压缩机瞬态数据采集与处理系统

在介绍单行程快速压缩机原理的基础上,开发了其数据采集与处理系统,并讨论了该系统的结构组成和工作原理。本数据处理系统采用凌华公司的PCI-9812(4通道同步采集)采集卡与研华公司的PCL-818(多功能)数据采集卡来实现瞬时工作参数的高速采集和处理。根据试验获得的活塞位移曲线、气缸压力曲线及压力-位移曲线,证明本系统采集到的数据具有良好的可靠性。     

Blow-by and tribological performance of piston ring pack during cold start and warm idle operations

To reduce the fuel consumption of internal combustion engines, more attention has been paid to the tribological performance of the piston ring pack during the cold start and idle operations. In this research, a numerical model considering the cylinder liner deformation and the piston ring conformability is developed to predict the blow-by, lubrication, friction and wear of the piston ring pack under different operating conditions. The gas flow rate, inter-ring gas pressures, minimum oil film thickness, frictional force and wear load during cold start are calculated and compared with those during warm idle operating conditions. The results show that cylinder liner deformation and piston ring conformability together obviously affect blow-by and other tribological performance. Meanwhile, it is found that friction loss is larger during cold start than during warm idle operating conditions. However, the wear process is more severe during warm idle operation than during cold start. From this research, the blow-by and tribological performance of the piston ring pack during cold start and warm idle operations are understood more deeply.     

Gasoline-diesel dual fuel intelligent charge compression ignition (ICCI) combustion: Conceptual model and comparison with other advanced combustion modes

The internal combustion engines can remain the advantage over competitor technologies for automotive driven, especially the engine efficiency, exceeded 50% while maintaining ultra-low emissions. In this paper, a novel combustion mode characterized by dual high-pressure common-rail direct injection systems, denoted as intelligent charge compression ignition(ICCI) combustion, is proposed to realize high efficiency and clean combustion in wide engine operating ranges. Specifically, commercial gasoline and diesel, which are considered to be complementary in physical and chemical properties, are directly injected into the cylinder by the two independent injection systems, respectively. Through this unique design, the in-cylinder air-fuel mixtures can be flexibly adjusted by regulating injection timing and duration of different fuels, consequently obtaining suitable combustion phase and heat release rate. The ICCI mode can widely run from indicated mean effective pressure 2 bar to 16 bar with an utterly controllable cylinder pressure rising rate, around 50% indicated thermal efficiency and low NOxemissions. A series of experiments were carried out to compare the combustion and emissions of ICCI with other combustion modes(including conventional diesel combustion, reactivity-controlled compression ignition, partially premixed combustion, and gasoline compression ignition). The results show that at the medium engine loads, ICCI mode can reach much high indicated thermal efficiency, especially up to 52% along with extremely low NOxemissions. Prospectively, ICCI mode can realize real-time adjustments of in-cylinder mixture stratification and instantaneous combustion mode switch in one cycle at any operating conditions, and has an excellent commercial application prospect for energy conservation and environmental improvement.     

柴油机起动测控系统的开发及初步应用

开发了基于循环的柴油机起动过程燃烧、排放测控系统。对一台单缸直喷式柴油机进行了改造,匹配了电控燃油喷射系统,能够实现燃油喷射量及喷油定时的调节。利用瞬时转速、缸压分析了起动过程燃烧组织的优劣,利用单循环采样系统研究起动过程中气体排放物的变化历程。试验结果表明:该系统能够满足柴油机起动过程研究的需要,为研究柴油机起动过程提供了一种有效的测试手段。     

Effect of heat transfer space non-uniformity of combustion chamber components on in-cylinder soot emission formation in diesel engine

Combustion chamber components (cylinder head, cylinder liner, piston assembly and oil film) are treated as a coupled body. Based on the three-dimensional numerical simulation of heat transfer of the coupled body, a coupled three-dimensional calculation model for the in-cylinder working process and the combustion chamber components was built with domain decomposition and boundary coupling method, in which the coupled three-dimensional simulation of in-cylinder working process and the combustion chamber components was adopted. The simulation was applied in the influence investigation of the space non-uniformity in heat transfer among combustion chamber components on the generation of in-cylinder emissions. The results show that the space non-uniformity in heat transfer among the combustion chamber components has great influence on the generation of in-cylinder NO _x emissions. The heat transfer space non-uniformity of combustion chamber components has little effect on soot formation, and far less effect on soot formation than on NO _x . Under two situations of different wall temperature distributions, the soot in cylinder is different by 1.3% when exhaust valves are open.     

A reduced combustion kinetic model for the methanol-gasoline blended fuels on SI engines

A reduced combustion kinetic model for the methanol-gasoline blended fuels for SI engines was developed. Sensitivity analysis and rate constant variation methods were used to optimize the kinetic model. Flame propagation, shock-tube and jet-stirred reactor systems were modeled in CHEMKIN. The laminar flame speed, ignition delay time and change in concentrations of species were simulated using the reduced kinetic model. The simulation results of reduced chemical mechanism agreed well with the relevant experimental data published in the literature. The experimental investigations on engine bench were also carried out. The in-cylinder pressure and exhaust emissions were obtained by using a combustion analyzer and an FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) spectrometer. Meanwhile, an engine in-cylinder CFD model was established in AVL FIRE and was coupled with the proposed reduced chemical mechanism to simulate the combustion process of methanol-gasoline blends. The simulated combustion process showed good agreement with the engine experimental results and the predicted emissions were found to be in accordance with the FTIR results.     

基于AVL-FIRE模拟的氢内燃机转速对其燃烧特性的影响

为了研究转速对氢燃料内燃机燃烧特性的影响规律,对1台经过改装的燃氢内燃机用AVL-FIRE模拟了其燃烧过程,分析了发动机转速对其燃烧特性的影响规律,从分析结果看出,该氢内燃机对中低转速适应性较好.分析成果可为相关研究参考.     

WE—600A液压万能试验机液压夹紧活塞杆破坏分析及改进

通过对WE－600A型液压万能试验机液压夹紧活塞杆破坏应力的原因分析,认为破坏是因杆在交变应力作用下,由偏心压缩引起的弯曲正在应力与压缩产生的正应力叠加,以及应力集中造成的,针对破坏原因,对活塞杆、推拉板作改进,效果显著。