重金属自控削污等8项关键技术研发成功

正2016年4月9日,国家水专项"锰锌湿法冶金行业重金属水污染物过程减排成套工艺平台"课题组表示,在电解锰、锌行业首次研发成功自控削污等8项关键单项技术,世界首创"电解锰行业重金属水污染物过程减排成套工艺平台"等。我国电解锰产能、产量均占世界的98%以上,电解锌产量连续十几年居世界首位。中国工程院院士段宁认为,电解锰、锌重金属水污染严重的根本原因是生产流程工艺落后、设备简陋。其现有末端治理技术或难以稳定达标,或成本过高,更无法解决     

电解锰工艺废水全过程控制工艺中试研究

通过分析电解锰废水产生过程,确定了削减废水量和去除废水中Cr(Ⅵ)是实现电解锰工艺废水零排放的关键。中试试验结果表明:通过全过程控制,阴极电解液挟带量和钝化液挟带量分别削减65%,清洗废水量削减80%;用离子交换法几乎完全去除废水中的Cr(Ⅵ),废水可返回使用,有效解决了电解锰废水处理过程中的铬渣二次污染和氨氮严重超标问题。     

我国电解金属锰废水处理技术研究进展

电解金属锰工业是资源、能源消耗高,污染物产生量大的行业,在电解金属锰生产过程中会产生大量的废水,需要处理才能排放。综述了我国电解金属锰废水处理技术现状及发展趋势。     

电解锰渣的理化特性分析研究

电解锰渣是电解金属锰生产过程中产生的固体滤渣,含有锰化合物、铵盐等物质。随着电解锰行业的快速发展,电解锰渣引发了严重的环境问题。实验采用XRD、TGA-DTA和SEM等手段对电解锰渣中化学成分、物相组成和矿物形貌进行分析。结果表明:电解锰渣含有大量Si、Ca、S、Al、Fe组成的化合物,主要物相包括SiO2、FeS2、CaSO4及CaSO4·nH2O。矿物颗粒之间交错堆积,发现柱状晶体颗粒。锰渣中可溶性锰离子主要以(NH4)2Mn2(SO4)3化合物存在。     

谈电解锰的生产与设计

本文概述了电解金属锰的性质、用途、质量标准;我国电解锰生产的原料,生产技术、工艺流程和主要技术经济指标;浅析了影响电解过程的主要因素;介绍了某电解锰厂设计中的几个持点及电解锰生产技术发展和展望。     

新闻·宏观政策

环保部发布《电解锰行业污染防治技术政策》为贯彻《中华人民共和国环境保护法》等环保法律法规，保护人体健康和生态环境，降低电解锰行业资源、能源消耗，削减污染物排放强度，加强污染防治，促进电解锰行业可持续、健康发展，国家环境保护部组织制定了《电解锰行业污染防治技术政策》并于2010年12月30日正式发布。环保部要求各省市有关部门要结合本地区实际情况认真执行。电解锰行业污染防治技术政策分为总则、原辅料选择与污染防治技术、生产过程污染控制技术、废水、废渣末端循环及处理处置技术、二次污染防治、鼓励研发与推广的新技术、运行管理、监督管理八部分。     

电解锰生产企业温室气体排放核算方法与源解析

电解锰生产是我国工业企业中重要的温室气体排放源之一,而缺乏系统规范的核算方法制约了国家和行业对电解锰生产企业温室气体排放的研判和认识。根据电解锰生产特点,提出电解锰生产企业温室气体排放核算边界、排放源和计算方法,形成完整的核算方法。源解析表明,案例企业生产1 t电解锰产品排放5.36 t CO₂,矿石中碳酸盐分解和电力消费是主要排放源,分别占22%和74%;制液和电解过程是温室气体排放的主要生产工序,分别占30%和67%。降低电解过程的电力消耗、提高碳酸锰矿石品位是电解锰行业减少温室气体排放的优化路径。本研究可为电解锰行业开展温室气体排放核算和减排研究提供重要参考。     

电解锰清洁生产改造重点方案探讨

重点行业清洁生产改造方案的缺乏是制约清洁生产深入实施的重要瓶颈,提出源头削减、过程减量和回用、末端循环利用3类清洁生产改造重点方案。针对电解锰行业清洁生产改造关键节点,筛选出软锰矿还原、电解锰无铬钝化/免钝化工艺、电解锰工艺废水全过程控制、滤饼残液界面置换回收、锰渣无害化及综合利用技术5项重点方案,这些清洁生产方案具有显著的环境和经济效益,为引导电解锰行业深入实施清洁生产改造提供参考。     

电解金属锰行业推行清洁生产的迫切性及建议

通过对我国电解金属锰行业的现状分析，指出了我国电解金属锰行业推行和实施清洁生产的必要性和迫切性，并针对电解锰行业目前存在的问题，提出了推行清洁生产的建议。     

用离子交换膜—电解法处理电解金属锰生产废水的研究

采用离子交换膜-电解分离技术处理电解金属锰生产废水，在实验基础上确定极板距离为3cm、阴极区的最佳电解液为（NH4）2SO4溶液及最佳pH值为8．0。在最佳工艺条件下，电解锰废水锰的电沉积效率达到62．44％。     

烟气脱硝技术的应用与展望

介绍了国内外脱硝技术的应用状况,重点阐述了脱硝技术在电站锅炉、炼油和石油化工加热炉上的应用情况.分析了国内应用脱硝技术存在的问题,同时提出了我国炼油和石油化工装置加热炉节能减排的发展方向.     

Emerging Tools to Enable Construction Engineering

Those working within the domain of construction engineering—the planning and management of the construction of infrastructure assets—today employ a wide range of information technology tools. The vast majority of these tools are used on desktop computers processing tabular information associated with scheduling, tracking, updating statuses, reporting, and similar tasks. In spite of the significant penetration of information technology into construction engineering, there is little direct reuse of the engineering information created during the design phase. Likewise, access to rich engineering information and applications to exploit this information have yet to be extended to mobile workers on the construction jobsite in any significant way. This paper explores a sampling of some of the emerging information technology tools that may be effectively applied to support construction engineering in the field.     

User Interfaces for Complex Engineering Software: Application of Virtual Reality

IT systems for engineers are becoming more numerous and complex and will further proliferate in the future. It is infeasible to expect users to be trained to work with a plethora of systems, especially as many of them will only see occasional use. Therefore, in the near future, systems will need user interfaces that allow intuitive access and usage. This paper examines a new style of user interface based on virtual reality.     

Experimental Assessment of Wireless Construction Technologies

Wireless technology offers a first efficient avenue to communicate data within a construction site in real time. This paper presents the integrated wireless site (IWS) concept that is based on a meshed communication network that not only reaches almost every location of a site but is also connected to the World Wide Web. Lessons learned from installing and evaluating wireless mobile and fixed video devices during ongoing construction are shared. The relevance of this study to both practitioners and researchers are the experimental field data that assert technical feasibility as well as a series of benefits such as reduced non-value-added activities, quick response to safety hazards, and automatic as-it-was-built for documentation and training. Equally important was the finding that the success of this technology in the long run depends on trust, collaboration, and information sharing among participants. Expanding the IWS by incorporating a semantic network that integrates individual equipment, tools, specialty devices, and construction personnel promises to provide the necessary incentives for a revolutionary change in the way construction resources communicate.     

变压吸附技术在焦炉煤气制氢中的应用

介绍了变压吸附 (PSA)技术的基本原理及其应用于焦炉煤气提氢的 Sysiv和 Bergbau PSA制氢典型工艺。指出PSA技术是近年国内外发展最快、技术最成熟、成本最低的煤气制氢方法 ,在国内焦炉煤气制氢中最具发展前途 ,应大力推广应用。     

功能梯度材料的制备技术

从工艺原理、特点、材料体系等方面概述了功能梯度材料的制备技术,阐述了功能梯度材料制备技术的应用现状及发展趋势。     

虚拟现实技术及其在矿业中的应用

在介绍虚拟现实技术及其基本特征的基础上,简要综述国内外对该技术的应用研究现状。阐明虚拟现实技术在矿山开采设计、地质构造建模、人员及设备调度、事故模拟、安全管理、人员培训等方面的应用。提出矿山开采虚拟现实系统的体系结构及其关键技术。     

直接还原铁生产工艺的选择

论述了直接还原铁生产工艺的发展,介绍了目前世界直接还原铁生产工艺的现状、特点.指出,钢铁联合企业的可持续发展需要直接还原铁,高炉、直接还原炉、焦炉联合流程是其生产直接还原铁的最佳工艺选择.     

1号高炉大修实绩

１号高炉大修顺利完成，于１９９７年５月２５日点火开炉。本次大修中，高炉炉体耐材，炉射冷却系统，炉前出铁场，水渣等系统均作了改进。炉体关键部位采用了高品质耐材，炉身增设中压不断水系统，炉前出铁场取消了沉和铁罐，实现了炉台平坦化，三电实现了一体化。     

Difficulties and Hindrances Facing End Users of Electronic Information Exchange Systems in Design and Construction

Since information and communication technology (ICT) was introduced into the construction industry over a decade ago, the once fledging technologies have now been well developed. ICT has been commonly adopted, particularly in places where speedy construction is the norm, e.g., in Hong Kong. At the time when ICT is seemingly well developed, this paper aims at identifying the difficulties and hindrances facing the end users of such information exchange systems during design and construction and the consequential effects on project performance. Through literature review, a series of structured interviews, and a questionnaire survey, it is found that industry users welcomed the advancement of ICT, but that the necessary technical and psychological supports from their organizations were insufficiently provided. In addition, significant differences on the hindrances and their consequential effects have been identified between end users in the private sector and those in the public sector. The study findings have also highlighted factors impeding the smooth implementation of ICT systems at the end-user level, which would help organizations to formulate effective strategies to cope with ever-evolving communication technologies and changes in working style.