相变控温砂浆用于改善建筑围护结构保温性能的研究

相变控温砂浆可以借助相变材料的相变潜热和热工性能来改善建筑围护结构的保温性能,以癸酸-月桂酸二元低共熔物/改性硅藻土定形相变材料为相变蓄热介质,采用共混搅拌法掺入水泥砂浆中,制成相变控温砂浆。利用FT-IR、DSC等测试了相变砂浆化学结构及热物性,并测试了相变控温砂浆的热工参数,通过实验模拟和DesignBuilder软件模拟研究了相变砂浆用作保温材料的建筑调温效果。     

围护结构传热系数动态分析

分析了围护结构内表面热流的动态特性,得出了反映室外气候与围护结构热惰性共同作用的室外加权温度,并以此为基础讨论了夏季现场测量围护结构传热系数的有效性。     

蒸汽渗透对金属面夹芯轻质围护结构热工性能影响的实验研究

采用稳态热箱实验法,对采用岩棉作为保温材料的金属面夹芯轻质绝热围护结构进行传热传湿实验,研究蒸汽渗透对其热工性能的影响。通过对典型构造试件在稳定传热状态下的温度、湿度和热流的测量和分析,得到了不同蒸汽渗透情况下保温材料层的热湿分布,比较了5种工况下试件热流的差别,分析了传热系数与湿度的关系。结果表明,蒸汽渗透可导致围护结构传热量增大很多倍,围护结构传热系数与保温材料平均湿度呈指数关系。     

闽南传统建筑外围护结构隔热性能研究

闽南地区属于夏热冬暖地区,夏季漫长,太阳高度角较大,辐射强烈。在漫长的历史中,闽南系传统民居对避风、防风的诸多考虑,反映在在房屋建造的各个方面。本文对此进行分析研究。     

Integrating 4D thermal information with BIM for building envelope thermal performance analysis and thermal comfort evaluation in naturally ventilated environments

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几种围护结构热工性能试验分析

围护结构外保温的实际热工性能及耐久性是建筑界关注的热点。通过对常州市建筑科学研究院办公楼节能改造中选取的实验房热工性能及耐久性的测试,对比几种常用节能体系应用的实际效果。     

夏热冬冷地区居住建筑围护结构的节能影响分析

选取夏热冬冷地区7个城市住宅建筑,采用Visual DOE4.0模拟分析改变墙体、屋面、外窗的传热系数以及遮阳系数对模型建筑全年节能率的影响,结果表明,当外墙K0.78 W/(m2·K)时,7个城市的全年节能率均超过20%;屋面热工性能对建筑总能耗的影响很小,但降低屋顶传热系数仍能提高节能率;降低外窗遮阳系数及传热系数,7个城市的全年节能率均得以提高。     

用红外热像仪测量建筑物表面温度的实验研究

指出建筑工程中固体表面温度分布特点及常用的以点代面测量平均温度方法的不足,利用围护结构表面的红外热谱图,分析了特征点的选择及区域划分给表面平均温度测量带来的误差。研究表明,红外热谱图可以正确地反映建筑结构表面的温度场分布,解决了固体表面平均温度测量的难题。点温法与红外热像仪结合,可以有效地提高红外热像仪的测温精度,值得广泛推广。     

对居住建筑围护结构隔热指标的探讨

对于我国夏热冬冷地区,现行的有关建筑设计标准中,为达到夏季防热、适当兼顾冬季保温要求,对建筑外围护结构隔热质量的控制指标可分为3种,即围护结构的内表面最高温度（θi·max）,结构的热惰性指标（D）和隔热指数（G）。这3种指标控制点不同,因而完善程度也不同,文中对此进行了详细的分析和阐述。     

建筑围护结构热湿性能模拟软件开发

建筑围护结构内的季节性湿传递是围护结构湿损坏的重要影响因素,为简单快速地评估建筑围护结构的热湿性能,基于瞬态耦合传热传湿理论开发了围护结构热湿性能模拟软件.该软件可以进行动态室内外环境参数下的围护结构热、湿特性分析,为结构工程师提供了方便快捷的判断多层墙体内可能出现冷凝的方法,从而选择合适的防护措施.并结合工程实例说明了其应用.     

寒冷地区建筑负荷对围护结构热工参数的敏感性分析

为研究建筑围护结构属性对同一热工分区不同城市节能建筑负荷影响的敏感性,以同属于寒冷地区的兰州和郑州为研究目标所在城市,在节能65％的前提下将4种外墙、3种外窗和4种窗墙比进行组合得到了48个可能的办公建筑围护结构计算房间。分别计算了这些房间的冷负荷、热负荷和全年总负荷并分析了各热工参数对负荷的影响。通过与基准房间负荷对比,获得了具有不同热工性能的计算房间的节能率及最优的办公建筑围护结构。     

某住宅建筑大阶砖隔热屋面热工性能分析

测试分析了某住宅建筑屋面的热工性能参数,并通过测试数据,研究了其热工性能,测试结果为评价该类建筑屋面的热工性能及其节能计算提供了基本实验依据。     

南京建筑围护结构保温层经济厚度计算研究

计算夏热冬冷地区建筑围护结构保温层经济厚度时,认为既要考虑冬季供热,也要考虑夏季供冷,而不应简单地直接取用推荐值或凭经验来确定.根据南京地区的特点,得出了一个简单的保温层经济厚度的计算式,并使用该方法对南京地区典型节能住宅建筑外墙和屋面的保温层厚度进行了计算分析.     

Modeling the performance of residential building envelope: The role of sustainable energy performance indicators

The success of modeling the sustainable performance of the residential building envelope will be to a great extent associated to the sustainable energy performance indicators used. The sustainable energy performance indicators that these building assessment models are developed around should be chosen by taking into account the targeted objectives. However, it is very common to find building performance assessment models that do not take into account these considerations and therefore have a limited capability and scope. This leads to inadequate aggregate indicators for the actual assessment of the sustainable performance of the building envelope for a sustainable energy efficient building. The focus of this paper is to investigate the principal sustainable energy performance indicators for modeling the sustainable performance of the residential building envelope and develop an approach for determining the most appropriate sustainable energy performance indicators. In doing that, this paper provides an overview of previous research on sustainable energy performance indicators and discusses conceptual framework for developing sustainable energy performance indicators. In order to identify these indicators that influence the capability of building performance assessment models, a comprehensive survey of construction industry professionals was conducted using questionnaire survey technique while the data was analyzed using correlation analysis techniques.     

The influence of the envelope on the thermal performance of ventilated and occupied houses

The main objective of this article is to investigate the influence of the thermal properties of the envelope on the thermal performance of occupied and naturally ventilated houses. A naturally ventilated house built in Southern Brazil was modelled and calibrated in the EnergyPlus computer programme. Based on this calibrated model, a reference model for computer simulations was defined, and variations in the materials of the envelope, occupation patterns and ventilation were carried out. Hourly air temperature and relative air humidity were the output data for the thermal zones of each model. By inputting such data in the Analysis Bio computer programme, the percentage of discomfort hours in the models was obtained. Correlations between the percentage of discomfort hours and the equivalent thermal transmittance, thermal capacity and thermal delay values of the components of the envelope were investigated. Such analysis made clear that there is an influence of the envelope on the thermal performance of the occupied and ventilated house, and that the number of discomfort hours is lower in the models with higher thermal capacity and thermal delay envelope values. It was also observed that thermal capacity was the thermal property with the best correlation to discomfort hours.     

红外热成像技术在建筑外墙热工缺陷检测中的应用

随着城市化以及节能形势快速蓬勃发展,国内外对建筑物的节能检测工作越来越重视,面对传统、复杂的热工检测技术,红外热成像法呈现了对被测物体无影响、检测表面温度反应速度快、测温范围宽、精度高等优点,且应用范围不断扩大。概述了红外热成像技术探测建筑外墙热工缺陷的原理以及国内外研究现状,利用国内现有的相对温差以及相对面积二指标判定热工缺陷严重等级,并考虑到现有的量化指标在实际应用中不足以可视化,提出需要建立新量化指标的展望。     

Thermal performance evaluation of a prefabricated fiber-reinforced plastic building envelope system

Fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) materials are extensively used in building construction, primarily due to their superior structural performance characteristics. Recently, a newly-developed concept consisting of a prefabricated, interlocking fiberglass composite panel system has been adopted for use in the construction of building envelope systems. The structural characteristics of these panels allow, among other things, expeditious construction. Other performance advantages include corrosion resistance, reduced maintenance, electric insulation characteristics, and electromagnetic transparency. Since little information is available on the thermal performance characteristics of such a panel system, a testing program was developed to investigate the thermal insulation characteristics of FRP panels that are commercially available at the present. Two full-scale 1.2 m by 1.2 m (4 ft by 4 ft) FRP panels were tested. Two panel thicknesses were considered: 25 mm (1 in.) and 75 mm (3 in.). The thermal characteristics of the panels were measured including the effects of the presence of the joints between the panels. A temperature-controlled test plate, calibrated with fibrous glass board material of known thermal conductivity, was used with heat flow sensors to determine the thermal resistance of the FRP panels at the mid-sections of panels and at the interfaces (i.e. joints) between two adjoining panels. Two conditions were simulated; ‘dry joint’ which includes only mechanical interlocking at the joints, and ‘sealed joint’ in which the joints were sealed with a commercially available sealant. The R values of the tested panels were approximately 5% to 46% higher in the sealed-joint condition. Sealed joints decrease heat exchange across the envelope system, thereby increasing the thermal resistance values of the panel system. The relatively high R value of the 75 mm panel system (2.0 (m² K)/W (11.36 (h ft² °F)/Btu)) is encouraging, and makes this envelope system a potential candidate for wider use in energy-conscious commercial buildings.     

Analysis of thermal performance of building attached sunspace

The thermal performance of a sunspace attached to a living room located in Amman-Jordan has been investigated. Six configurations that differ by the ratio of glazed surface area to opaque surfaces area are studied. A novel configuration that utilizes an inclined front surface is thermally investigated. The effect of orientation of the sunspace, opaque wall and floor absorption coefficients and number of glass layers on the thermal performance is evaluated. Results show that the sunspace reduces the heating load during the winter, while it creates a serious overheating problem during summer. The contribution of reducing heating requirements increases with increasing the ratio of glazed surface to opaque surface area. Also, the optimal contribution was obtained when the sunspace was oriented to the south. Two passive cooling techniques are proposed and evaluated to overcome the summer overheating problem. Additionally, a passive heating technique is proposed to minimize the thermal losses during winter nights. Internal shading and night ventilation successfully minimize the overheating problem. Employing the three passive techniques with sunspace, results show that as high as 42% reductions in annual heating and cooling load can be achieved. Utilizing an inclined front surface with double layer of glass can further reduce heating and cooling load requirements.