聚丙烯挤出发泡中"熔体破裂"现象分析

研究了聚丙烯挤出发泡过程中“熔体破裂”现象及其对发泡体质量的影响。对比采用不同形状的机头口模的发泡试样，发现不能建立足够高压的机头中，PP／气体形成的单相溶液在离开机头口模之前发生相分离，提前发泡，使表面发生“熔体破裂”，发泡体的质量差；不同螺杆转速和机头温度对发泡体质量影响不同：对应一定温度，存在获取高质量泡沫的最佳螺杆转速范围(对Ф2mm喷丝机头，转速为30～40r／min)；相同转速下，温度过低(低于150℃)或过高(高于185℃)都会使挤出物表面产生“熔体破裂”现象，表面质量相对较差。     

低发泡HIPS挤出成型工艺的研究

利用试验设计方法研究了HIPS低发泡过程中,挤出温度及螺杆转速对发泡制品的表现密度,泡孔尺寸,泡孔尺寸均匀度以及制品强度的影响,实验结果表明：随着扩是出温度的提高,制品的表观密度会有所升高;螺杆转速与挤出温度对表观密度的影响存在交互作用,在较高的温度下,螺杆转速对表观密度没有显著的景,是在较低的温度下,随着螺杆转速的提高,表观密度会有所增大,另外,螺杆转速对泡孔尺寸以及泡孔尺寸分布均匀度有较显著的影响,随着螺杆转速的扣高,泡孔尺寸大小降低,并且泡孔尺寸均匀度提高,因而制品的强度较大,温度的提高对泡孔的尺寸影响不大,但使泡孔尺寸均匀度下降,在所研究的工艺条件范围内,选择较低的挤出温度及较高的螺杆转速有利于得到性能较好的低发泡制品。     

聚丙烯挤出增强结构发泡成型的研究

通过加入高熔体强度聚丙烯(HMSPP)、低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)及(乙烯/丙烯/二烯)共聚物(EPDM)对聚丙烯(PP)进行共混改性,提高其熔体强度;并在此基础上,以玻璃纤维(GF)改性PP母粒对PP进行增强,使用单螺杆挤出机获得了PP挤出增强结构发泡制品.重点分析了PP挤出增强结构发泡中HMSPP、LDPE、EPDM、GF改性PP母粒含量及工艺参数对PP挤出增强结构发泡制品的影响.结果表明,当PP为100份、LDPE为15份、EPDM为5份、GF改性PP母粒为15份,机头温度160℃,螺杆转速20 r/min,机头压力12.5 MPa时,能获得较好的PP增强结构发泡制品.     

化学发泡法制备发泡三元乙丙橡胶/聚丙烯热塑性硫化胶Ⅰ.挤出工艺参数

以偶氮二甲酰胺(AC)为发泡剂,采用单螺杆挤出机制备了发泡三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)/聚丙烯(PP)热塑性硫化胶(TPV),探讨了挤出温度、机头温度及螺杆转速对发泡TPV性能及形态结构的影响。结果表明,在保证EPDM/PPTPV充分塑化熔融及顺利挤出的前提下,较低的挤出温度和机头温度有利于制备密度低、泡孔尺寸小且分布均匀、表面光洁度高的发泡TPV,最佳的挤出温度和机头温度分别为185,170℃;随着螺杆转速的提高,发泡TPV的密度和拉伸性能均先降低后增高;泡孔平均直径基本不变,泡孔面密度先增大后减小,泡孔尺寸分布先变窄后变宽,最佳的螺杆转速为65r/min。     

工艺参数对PP挤出发泡泡孔结构的影响

研究了螺杆转速、机头口模形状以及机头温度对挤出发泡聚丙烯(PP)泡孔结构的影响。结果表明：在挤出发泡过程中，一定配方、机头形状和温度下，螺杆转速存在最佳值；机头形状越有利于建立高压，制得的泡沫的泡孔越细密均匀且发泡倍率越高；机头口模温度在保证顺利挤出情况下．越低越有利于制得高发泡倍率的泡沫。     

PET瓶片的反应挤出扩链与熔体压力波动研究

使用缩聚型反应挤出机研究了聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)瓶片在反应挤出过程中的扩链和挤出行为。结果表明,在螺杆头部增设直槽型混炼件,能有效地降低机头处的熔体压力波动和提高挤出产量;适宜于PET瓶片的最佳挤出条件为:螺筒各段温度分别为240(加料段),255,250,250,260(机头)℃,缩聚段真空度0.10 MPa,螺杆转速超过50r/min;在PET瓶片中加入少量均苯四甲酸二酐(PMDA),可使挤出产物的特性黏度明显提高,熔体压力平均值增大,适合于挤出制品的需要。     

聚丙烯片材挤出发泡工艺及发泡体系研究

采用自行研制的高熔体强度聚丙烯(PP),通过挤出片材发泡实验,研究了口模温度、挤出温度、螺杆转速等工艺条件以及PP熔体强度和发泡成核剂对片材发泡效果的影响。PP发泡片材最佳挤出工艺条件为:挤出温度210℃,口模温度160℃,螺杆转速40 r/min。PP熔体强度为13 cN,发泡成核剂用量为6 phr时,发泡片材密度最低(0.450g/cm~3),片材表面光滑平整,挤出发泡效果最好。     

聚丙烯挤出发泡中的关键技术——加工设备和成型工艺研究

从聚丙烯挤出发泡的加工设备包括挤出机的类型、发泡机头的设计、发泡剂的注入和计量控制以及聚丙烯挤出发泡的成型工艺包括螺杆转速、压力降和压力降速率、成核剂的分散、发泡机头的温度等系统介绍了聚丙烯挤出发泡中的一些关键技术。目前的研究表明：采用双螺杆挤出机进行挤出发泡时需要考虑发泡剂逃逸和压力的升高与稳定；可以通过改变机头的形状和尺寸获得不同的压力降和压力降速率，从而控制挤出发泡的成核速率。提高螺杆转速、增加压力降和压力降速率有利于优质发泡材料的获得；优选适宜的发泡机头温度可以抑制气体逃逸，提高发泡倍率，获得更低密度的聚丙烯发泡材料。     

PS树脂挤出自由低发泡

研究了发泡剂ＡＣ与ＨＩＰＳ－８２５、ＨＩＰＳ－４２３ＶＣ、ＨＩＰＳ－２７１２、ＧＰＳ四种ＰＳ树脂挤出自由低发泡制品的密度、泡孔结构的关系,讨论了交联剂、成核剂以及工艺条件对发泡体的影响,并用偏光显微镜分析了泡孔的微观结构。结果表明：（１）四种ＰＳ树脂中ＨＩＰＳ－４２３ＶＣ树脂较适合于用ＡＣ作发泡剂挤出低发泡制品;（２）交联剂ＤＣＰ用量以０．１份为最佳,此时密度较低,泡孔均匀细密;（３）在确定的成型温度条件下,螺杆转速以４０ｒ／ｍｉｎ比较适宜,此时塑化充分,泡孔均匀;（４）综合考虑制品密度、力学性能、泡孔结构和均匀度等因素ＣａＣＯ３用量以２．５份为佳。     

硬聚氯乙烯低发泡挤出成型研究

采用自由发泡挤出的方法研究了硬聚氯乙烯低发泡挤出成型的配方设计和工艺条件控制。讨论了稳定剂品种，改性剂品种和发泡剂用量对制品密度，泡孔结构以及外观表面的影响。还揭示了口模温度和螺杆转速与制品密度的关系。     

聚乳酸用单螺杆挤出机熔体输送段数值模拟研究

运用Polyflow分别对聚乳酸(PLA)用3种不同结构类型单螺杆挤出机熔体输送段进行模拟,在流场分析的基础上,分析3种螺杆的混合性能。结果表明,在相同工艺条件下,普通型单螺杆和菠萝型单螺杆熔体轴向速度波动较大,且产生局部回流区域,不利于熔体的输送;菠萝型螺杆产生的流场速度和熔体黏度较高,使得物料在流场中受到更高的剪切速率,因此挤出产物的分散混合性能更好;挤出过程中,PLA熔体的黏度变化与流动速度变化存在一致性,随着流动速度逐渐增大,熔体受到的剪切作用逐渐增强,使黏度降低,流动性变好。     

Enhanced flow behaviors of metallocene‐catalyzed linear low‐density polyethylene during ultrasound‐assisted extrusion

The effect of ultrasound on flow behaviors of metallocene‐catalyzed linear low‐density polyethylene (mLLDPE) melt in capillary‐like die during the extrusion is investigated in this article. The rise in die temperature is found with increasing ultrasound power, especially at lower initial die temperature. At the same die temperature, the presence of ultrasound can decrease the apparent viscosity and the viscous flow activation energy of mLLDPE melt then increase its slip velocity at the capillary wall in the die. The flow behavior of mLLDPE melt is enhanced during ultrasound‐assisted extrusion as the presence of ultrasound can enhance the mobility and the orientation of entangled segments. It is also found that ultrasound can break the dispersed phase of mLLDPE/polyolefin elastomer (POE) blend into small pieces thus improve the homogeneous dispersion of POE phase in mLLDPE matrix. A possible mechanism for enhanced flow behaviors of mLLDPE melt because of the presence of ultrasound is also proposed. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Effects of extrusion conditions on the properties of recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate)/nanoclay nanocomposites prepared by a twin‐screw extruder

The effects of extrusion conditions on the mechanical properties of recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) (rPET)/clay nanocomposites were studied. Nanocomposites of recycled PET containing 2.5 and 5.0 wt % of montmorillonite modified with organophilic quaternary ammonium salt (DELLITE 67G) were prepared by melt compounding using a corotating twin‐screw type extruder at two different screw rotation speeds: 250 and 150 rpm. The highest value of Young's modulus was found for low screw rotation speed (150 rpm). Morphological analysis using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed the presence of fully exfoliated clay platelets in samples prepared at 150 rpm. It was concluded that the screw rotation speed should be optimized when preparing recycled PET/clay nanocomposites by melt compounding. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

同向双螺杆挤出机螺杆元件对PE-LD-g-MAH熔融接枝过程的影响

通过改变同向双螺杆挤出机主反应区的螺杆元件，研究了螺杆元件对由过氧化二异丙苯引发，低密度聚乙烯（PE-LD）熔融接枝马来酸酐（MAH）的接枝产物和接枝率的影响。红外光谱分析证实有部分MAH已经成功接枝到PBLD分子链上。通过对挤出沿程4个在线取样位置样品的对比分析表明，具有高剪切性能的捏合盘元件的沿程样品的接枝率较大，熔体流动速率较小；具有高拉伸性能的S形元件能够迅速提高接枝率。     

Properties and morphology of polystyrene and linear low density polyethylene polyblend and polyalloy

A co-rotating twin screw extruder was employed in melt mixing and reactive extrusion of polystyrene/linear low density polyethylene (PS/PE) blends. Blends of PS/PE in the ratio of 9: 1 were prepared under different conditions of shear mixing and with different concentrations of dicurnlyl peroxide (DP) and triallyl isocyanurate (TALC) coupling agent. The Charpy impact strength of unnotched samples of melt blends was found to be lower than that of the polystyrene and was not affected much by the different conditions of melt mixing at different rates of extrusion, screw speeds, and screw configurations. In the case of reaction-extruded blends, the impact strength initially deteriorated with small addition of TAIC/DP, but improved with further increase in the level of TAIC/DP, exceeding that of polystyrene at an optimum concentration. With even further increase in TAIC/DP concentration, the impact strength again decreased. This was attributed to the different extents of coupling reactions of PE-TAIC-PE, PE-TAIC-PS, and PS-TAIC-PS with different levels of TAIC/DP. The interfacial adhesion of the incompatible PS-PE was postulated to be improved by the graft copolymers formed during reactive extrusion. This observation was supported by melt rheology, thermal characterization, molecular weight, and fracture surface morphology studies.     

Influence of low density polyethylene quality on extrusion coating processability

In order to obtain explicit information about the influence of different low density polyethylene (LDPE) quality parameters on extrusion coating processability, a test run was made with an autoclave reactor and the products were investigated. All the grades manufactured had melt indices (MI), densities, molecular weight distributions (MWD), and degrees of long chain branching(LCB) typical of commercial extrusion coating grades. The processability characteristics studied were maximum line speed and neck-in. The influence of MI, density, and extrusion melt temperature were systematically investigated. It was found that the maximum line speed rose with increasing MI, density, and extrusion melt temperature, and that an increasing extrusion melt temperature led to a growing difference between the maximum line speed at a constant coating thickness and the maximum line speed at a constant screw speed. Neck-in was found to increase with increasing MI, increasing density, and increasing coating thickness. These effects were more pronounced at higher extrusion melt temperatures. When using the extrusion temperature needed to achieve a certain line speed for each grade, the influence of MI on neck-in was practically non-existent.     

Influence of processing parameters on the degradation of poly(L‐lactide) during extrusion

The influence of processing conditions during melt extrusion on the degradation of poly(L ‐lactide) (PLLA) has been investigated. PLLA polymer was processed by melt extrusion in a double screw extruder at 210 and 240°C. For each extrusion temperature, two screw rotation speeds, 20 and 120 rpm, were used. To investigate the influence of moisture on the thermal degradation during processing, the PLLA granules were dried at 100°C for 5 h and then either extruded directly or conditioned at 65% RH, 20°C for 24 h prior to extrusion. The results show that a decrease in molecular weight measured as number‐average (M_n) molecular weight occurs for all combinations of process parameters used. At processing temperature of 210°C, the change in molecular weight for the dry granules was shown to be dependent on the residence time (i.e., screw rotation speed) in the melt. By changing the screw rotation speed from 120 to 20 rpm at 210°C, M_n decreased from 33,600 to 30,200 g/mol. When the processing temperature was increased to 240°C, the dry granules showed an M_n of 25,600 and 13,600 g/mol when extruded at 120 and 20 rpm, respectively. M_n for the conditioned specimens extruded at 210°C was 18,400 g/mol when processed at 120 rpm and 12,300 g/mol at 20 rpm. When processed at 240°C, 20 rpm, M_n is independent of whether the granules were dry or moist prior to extrusion. It is probably due to the fact that the degradation at 240°C is so extensive that the presence of moisture in the polymer does not contribute further to the degradation process. The stress and strain at break decreased due to degradation and were dependent on the molecular weight of the samples. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 79: 2128–2135, 2001     

HDPE在振动场中挤出成型时的流变行为

利用自行研制的新型液压振动挤出装置研究了高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）在振动场中挤出成型时的流变行为。研究表明,HDPE熔体在振动场中的表观粘度与振动频率、振幅、口模温度和挤出机螺杆转速均有关,随着振动频率的增加,表观粘度先降至最低值,然后回升到一定程度后基本保持不变,但始终低于未施加振动时的表观粘度;振幅越大,振动场对表观粘度的影响就越大;口模温度超过熔点时,振动场对表观粘度的影响有所增大;螺杆转速越大,振动场对表观粘度的影响就越小。     

Effects of ultrasonic oscillations on rheological behavior and mechanical properties of novel propylene‐based plastomers

The effects of ultrasonic oscillations on the die pressure, productivity of extrusion, melt apparent viscosity, melt surface appearance, and die swell of novel propylene‐based plastomers were studied in a specially designed ultrasonic oscillations extrusion system developed in our laboratory. The effects of ultrasonic oscillations on molecular weights, tensile strength, and dynamic mechanical properties of extrudates were also studied. The experimental results showed that the presence of ultrasonic oscillations during extrusion could significantly increase the productivity of plastomers at the same die pressure, and reduce die swell and melt fracture such as sharkskin at a given screw rotation speed. The die pressure and apparent viscosity of plastomers remarkably decreased with increasing ultrasonic intensity. Introduction of ultrasonic oscillations into plastomer melts can improve their processibility. The possible mechanism for ultrasonic improvement of rheological behavior was also proposed in this article. Under certain conditions, ultrasound‐assisted extrusion could slightly decrease the glass transition temperature (T_g) and storage modulus of plastomers due to the minor reduction in molecular weights, but showed no significant impact on yield strength and strength at break. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007