季铵化树状聚酰胺-胺的合成及表征

以乙二胺和丙烯酸甲酯为原料,通过Michael加成反应和酰胺化反应合成了0.5代～1.0代树状聚酰胺-胺(0.5G～1.0G PAMAM).再利用缩水甘油三甲基氯化铵(EPTAC)对1.0G PAMAM进行接枝改性制备了1.0代树状聚酰胺-胺的季铵盐(1.0G PAMAM-TAC).通过单因素试验筛选出了1.0G PA...     

壳聚糖季铵盐/有机累托石纳米复合材料的抗菌性能研究

合成了壳聚糖季铵盐, 并通过溶液插层法将其插层进入有机累托石层间制备纳米复合材料, 研究表明, 当壳聚糖季铵盐与有机累托石的质量比为2∶1时, 其获得了4.8nm的最大层间距. 抗菌结果显示, 在偏酸、中性及偏碱性条件下, 所有的纳米复合材料都具有较好的抗菌性能, 且与有机累托石的含量和层间距成正比. 与壳聚糖季铵盐及有机累托石相比, 纳米复合材料对革兰氏阳性菌、革兰氏阴性菌及真菌的抗菌性能大大提高, 对金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的最小抑制浓度仅为0.00313% (W/V), 且能在30min内杀死90%以上的金黄色葡萄球菌, 80%以上的大肠杆菌. 最后, 通过TEM和SEM结果探讨了其抗菌机理.     

季铵化壳聚糖改性ZnO/凹凸棒石纳米复合材料及其抗菌性能

凹凸棒石(APT)一维纳米棒晶在功能载体方面具有广阔的应用前景.本研究在凹凸棒石表面负载ZnO纳米粒子的基础上,采用季铵化壳聚糖进行改性,通过调控复合材料表面电荷进而提升抗菌性能.采用XRD、FESEM、TEM、EDS和BET对ZnO/APT纳米复合材料进行结构表征,采用FTlR和Zeta电位对季铵化壳聚糖改性ZnO/APT纳米复合材料进行改性分析.研究结果表明,ZnO纳米粒子均匀担载在凹凸棒石表面,季铵化壳聚糖成功改性了ZnO/APT复合材料.最小抑菌浓度试验表明,5％季铵化壳聚糖改性ZnO/APT纳米复合材料对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌值分别为0.25 mg/mL和0.5 mg/mL.细胞毒性试验结果表明,在测试浓度范围内,季铵化壳聚糖改性纳米复合材料对HeLa细胞的存活率超过97.3％,具有良好的生物相容性.     

Quaternized chitosan/rectorite intercalative materials for a gene delivery system

Non-viral vectors have gained increasing attention in gene therapy because of their safety, but with the shortcoming of low transfection efficiency. We have developed a hybrid material as a novel non-viral vector, which combines the advantages of both biopolymer and clay in a gene delivery system. Quaternized chitosan was intercalated into the interlayers of rectorite to obtain a new polymer/layered silicate nanocomposite. In vitro and in vivo toxicity studies revealed that the nanocomposites were biocompatible and non-toxic. At the nanocomposite:pDNA mass ratio of 8:1, they achieved 100% pDNA adsorption capacity. In vitro cell transfection revealed a transfection efficiency of 32.1% at 96?h as shown by a flow-cytometric study, and the intensive green fluorescence protein (GFP) expression could last for up to 120?h. Furthermore, an in vivo transfection study showed that the most prominent GFP expression was observed in the gastric and duodenum mucosa, and good transfection efficiency was also obtained when injected into the muscle. All the results suggest that quaternized chitosan/rectorite nanocomposite is a novel and potential non-viral gene carrier.     

Quaternized trimethylaminated polystyrene-coated zirconia as a strong anion exchange material for HPLC

The synthesis and characterization of a new, base-stable, strong anion exchange phase by amination of polystyrene-coated zirconia (PS-ZrO2) are described. Even though the ion exchange capacity of the quaternized trimethylaminated PSZrO2 (QTMA-PS-ZrO2) is only 0.07 mequiv/g, it is able to separate various inorganic anions, benzoic acid derivatives, and nucleotides in their deprotonated states. The effects of ionic strength, eluent pH, and counterion type are discussed. In the presence of both phosphate and fluoride ions in the eluent, band broadening caused by Lewis acid/base interactions between zirconia and analytes is greatly suppressed. The mixed retention modes (ion exchange, hydrophobic interaction, and Lewis acid/base interactions) on QTMA-PS-ZrO2 offer a different selectivity toward various anionic analytes than do other zirconia- and nonzirconia-based ion exchangers.     

碱性甲醇燃料电池用季铵化PPEK膜的研究

聚合物碱性甲醇燃料电池是一种正在兴起的移动电源,氢氧根离子交换膜是碱性甲醇燃料电池的关键材料题之一.从聚二氮杂萘酮醚酮(PPEK)出发,依次采用氯甲基化、溶液法流延成型、三甲胺季铵化和KOH溶液处理等方法,制备了季铵碱型的聚二氮杂萘酮醚酮(QPPEK-OH)电解质膜,测定了膜的电导率和甲醇渗透性.研究发现,每个重复链节中平均含有1.3个季铵碱离子的聚二氮杂萘酮醚酮膜,导电率和甲醇的渗透系数分别为1.14×10-2S/cm和6.57×10-7cm2/s.     

季铵化聚砜/改性蒙脱土阴离子交换膜的制备与表征

以聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)和二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵-丙烯酰胺共聚物(PAADDA)为改性剂,对蒙脱土K10纳米片进行了包覆。将改性K10添加于氯甲基化聚砜的N,N-二甲基乙酰胺溶液中制备复合膜,经季铵化和碱化处理得到复合的阴离子交换膜。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱、X射线衍射仪、热重分析仪对改性蒙脱土和阴离子交换膜进行了表征,并测试了阴离子交换膜的吸水率、力学性能和离子传导率。结果表明,PEI和PAADDA成功包覆于K10纳米片表面,复合的阴离子交换膜吸水率、热稳定性和力学性能与季铵化聚砜膜相比都有明显改善,PAADDA改性K10含量为5%的阴离子交换膜具有最高的离子传导率,60℃时超过3.0×10-2S/cm。     

季铵化壳聚糖/[Nbmm]OH碱性复合阴离子膜的制备及性能

以季铵化壳聚糖(QCS)为制膜原料,[Nbmm]OH碱性离子液体为掺杂物,通过溶液浇铸法制备了一系列掺杂碱性离子液体([Nbmm]OH)的交联复合膜(QCS/[Nbmm]OH)。采用红外光谱、热重分析及扫描电镜对复合膜的结构、热稳定性和微观形貌进行分析。同时考察离子液体掺杂量对QCS/[Nbmm]OH复合膜的含水率、力学强度及导电性能等指标的影响。结果表明,随着[Nbmm]OH离子液体掺杂量的增加,复合膜的含水率、离子交换量以及电导率均增加,但是拉伸强度和断裂伸长率略有下降。其中,当离子液体掺杂量为15%(质量分数)时,复合膜在70℃的电导率为0.0115S/cm,拉伸强度为19 MPa,离子交换量为1.25 mmol/g,含水率和溶胀度分别为143%和87%。     

Quaternized chitosan (QCS) nanoparticles as a novel delivery system for ammonium glycyrrhizinate

The aim of this study was to generate a new type of nanoparticles made of quaternized chitosan (QCS) and poly(aspartic acid) via the ionotropic gelation technique and to evaluate their potential for the association and delivery of ammonium glycyrrhizinate (GLA). The effects of the pH value of nanoparticles, QCS molecular weight (Mw) and poly(aspartic acid) concentration on GLA encapsulation were studied. Suitably pH value of nanoparticles, moderate QCS MW, optimal concentration ratio of poly(aspartic acid) and QCS favored higher GLA encapsulation efficiency. The release of GLA from nanoparticles was pH-dependent. Fast release occurred in 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution (PBS, pH = 7.4), while the release was slow in 0.1 M HCl (pH = 1.2). The results showed that the new QCS/poly(aspartic acid) nanoparticles have a promising potential in GLA delivery system.     

Inhibiting Interfacial Diffusion in Heterojunction Perovskite Solar Cells by Replacing Low-Dimensional Perovskite with Uniformly Anchored Quaternized Polystyrene

Surface heterojunction has been regarded as an effective method to improve the device efficiency of perovskite solar cells. Nevertheless, the durability of different heterojunction under thermal stress is rarely investigated and compared. In this work, benzylammonium chloride and benzyltrimethylammonium chloride are utilized to construct 3D/2D and 3D/1D heterojunctions, respectively. A quaternized polystyrene is synthesized to construct a three-dimensional perovskite/amorphous ionic polymer (3D/AIP) heterojunction. Due to the migration and volatility of organic cations, severe interfacial diffusion is found among 3D/2D and 3D/1D heterojunctions, in which the quaternary ammonium cations in the 1D structure are less volatile and mobile than the primary ammonium cations in the 2D structure. 3D/AIP heterojunction remains intact under thermal stress due to the strong ionic bond anchoring at the interface and the ultra-high molecular weight of AIP. Furthermore, the dipole layer formed by AIP can further reduce the voltage loss caused by nonradiative recombination at the interface by 0.088 V. Therefore, the devices based on the 3D/AIP heterojunction achieve a champion power conversion efficiency of 24.27% and maintain 90% of its initial efficiency after either thermal aging for 400 h or wet aging for 3000 h, showing a great promise for polymer/perovskite heterojunction towards real applications.     

石墨烯/季胺化聚（4-乙烯基吡啶）复合湿度传感器制备及湿敏性能研究

采用溶液共混方法,制备了还原氧化石墨烯和单溴代季胺化聚（4-乙烯基吡啶）纳米复合湿敏材料和湿度传感器;研究了其对于湿度,尤其是低湿环境下湿度的响应特性。     

Developments in liquid membrane technology and membrane distillation

Euromembrane 2000 was held in Israel on 24–27 September 2000. In keeping with the conference's tradition, it brought together people working in different areas of membranology, and it covered both research & development and applications. Based entirely on abstracts of papers which were presented at the conference, this thematic round-up focuses on a number of the talks which dealt solely with developments in liquid membranes, their characteristics and properties, and membrane distillation.     

平板膜生物反应器中超滤膜的筛选

认为膜的筛选应该采用膜所要应用的实际工况即错流过滤的方式来进行.结果表明,用1 h的过滤试验来进行膜筛选,可能会带来不正确的结果,并确定筛选试验的过滤时间为4h.本试验最终选择PVDF膜为后续试验用膜.     

科研用平板刮膜机

推荐一种科研用小型平板刮膜机 .介绍了该机的开发背景及其构造和性能 .用此刮膜机进行了刮膜实验 ,所制膜的重复性好 ,能将所研制膜的参数和工艺条件准确地定量控制 ,从而为膜的研制提供了必要的工具     

Fouling characteristics of membrane filtration in membrane bioreactors

The application of microfiltration and ultrafiltration membranes to waste-water treatment is attracting increasing interest, even though they can be limited by their tendency to foul. This problem is particularly acute in side-stream membrane bioreactors, in which a relatively high flux is employed compared with the submerged membrane bioreactor configuration. Experiments simulating the conditions found in a side-stream membrane bioreactor have been conducted to determine the effect that changes in operating conditions have on the fouling characteristics of different membranes.     

聚丙烯中空纤维微孔膜减压膜蒸馏

研究了聚丙烯中空纤维微孔膜（PPHM）减压膜蒸馏（VMD）对0．51mol／LNaCl水溶液的分离性能．实验表明,在40～65℃盐水温度范围内,两个膜组件的脱盐效率接近100％,蒸馏通量J随盐水温度的升高而增大,J与膜两侧的蒸汽压差△p成线性关系．PPHM的装填密度不同时,器件的蒸馏系数Km没有明显差别,但装填密度较低时膜两侧的△p较大,使得J较大,表明渗透过蒸汽在膜下游的传质对蒸馏通量有很大影响．