聚甘油改性有机硅的合成及性能研究

以烯丙基缩水甘油醚和二聚甘油为原料,在KOH的作用下制备烯丙基聚甘油醚(APGE),然后以异丙醇为溶剂,氯铂酸为催化剂,利用APGE与含氢硅油(PHMS)进行硅氢加成反应合成了一种聚甘油改性有机硅化合物。对反应中间体及产物的结构进行了表征,并对产物的表面活性、吸附性能和铺展性能进行了研究。结果表明,目标产物的临界胶束浓度(cmc)为144.1 mg/L,γ_(cmc)为23.0 m N/m,且其质量浓度为4倍cmc时,其水溶液在石蜡表面的接触角可降至23°。     

烷基聚氧乙烯醚磺基甜菜碱的构效关系研究

为了研究非-两性离子混合型表面活性剂的构效关系,以乙氧基(EO)长度n分别为1,2,3和4的N,N-二甲基-N-十二烷基聚氧乙烯醚磺基甜菜碱(C_(12)EO_nSBe)为研究对象,利用滴体积法、时间分辨荧光法等获得C_(12)EO_nSBe的临界胶束浓度(cmc)、胶束聚集数(Nm)等性质参数。实验结果表明:与分子结构相近的传统十二烷基磺基甜菜碱(C_(12)SBe)相比,C_(12)EO_nSBe的cmc更低;随着n增大,C_(12)EO_nSBe的cmc降低,饱和吸附量(Γ_m)增大,分子占据面积(A_(min))减小,临界胶束聚集数(N_(m,c))减小。     

一种季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂的合成与性质

以氯丙烯与N,N-二甲基十二烷基胺(DTA)为原料合成了季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂十二烷基二甲基烯丙基氯化铵(DADAC);研究了原料配比、反应温度、反应时间和溶剂等因素对生成物DADAC收率的影响,通过红外光谱、元素分析确定其化学结构。较佳反应条件为:n(氯丙烯)∶n(DTA)=3∶1,无水乙醇为溶剂,50℃下反应24 h,DADAC收率为93.76%。最后测定了产物的表面性能,得到25℃下,DADAC的cmc为5.76 mmol/L,在cmc时的γ=34.2 mN/m,Krafft点<0℃。     

十二烷基甘油醚羧酸盐阴离子表面活性剂的合成及性能研究

研究了十二烷基甘油醚羧酸盐阴离子表面活性剂的合成条件。首先制备了中间产物十二烷基甘油醚,然后与氯乙酸钠反应制得终产物。考察了反应温度、反应时间、物料摩尔比、氢氧化钠用量及反应方法对反应的影响,得出反应的适宜条件为:浓度为50%的氢氧化钠碱液,n(十二烷基甘油醚)∶n(氯乙酸钠)=1∶1.2,以环己烷作带水剂,100℃下反应6 h,活性物含量达87.6%。测定了该表面活性剂的一系列性能,结果显示,该表面活性剂具有高表面活性,较低的临界胶束浓度和良好的增溶性、稳泡性。     

联接基链长对非共价键构筑的双子表面活性剂溶液性能的影响

利用非表面活性的十二烷基二甲基叔胺(DA12)和二元羧酸HOOC(CH_2)_(n-2)COOH(n=2,3,4,6,8,10),以非共价键作用的形式构筑了一系列的双子(Pseudogemini)表面活性剂(12-n-12),通过表面张力法及电导率法研究了联接基链长与溶液性能的关系,并考察了联接基链长对乳化性能和润湿性能的影响。实验结果表明,这类表面活性剂水溶液的胶束化过程是热力学自发的熵驱动的放热过程,其临界胶束浓度(cmc)值远远低于传统的单链表面活性剂十二烷基三甲基溴化铵,且有强烈的联接基效应,cmc值在n=4时达到最大值。在这类双子表面活性剂(12-n-12)中,12-10-12的乳化和润湿性能最好。     

烷基醇酰胺聚甘油醚的合成及性能

以长链烷基醇酰胺、聚甘油为主要原料合成了3种非离子表面活性剂十二烷基酰胺聚甘油醚、十六烷基酰胺聚甘油醚和硬脂酸酰胺聚甘油醚,通过红外光谱对所合成产物进行了表征,并对产物表面化学性能进行了研究。结果表明:在十二烷基单乙醇酰胺与中间产物摩尔比1∶1,反应温度110℃,反应2.0 h,氢氧化钠用量为2.0%条件下,产物的最高收率87.1%;产品通过红外光谱表征表明结构正确;同一亲水链长下,随着烷基链的增长,增溶性逐渐增强,乳化能力和钙皂分散性能呈现先增加后降低的趋势;同一疏水链下,随着甘油平均聚合度的增加,起泡性、乳化力、钙皂分散性和增溶性均增强。     

烯丙基型可聚合表面活性剂的性能

通过对烯丙基型可聚合表面活性剂——烷基琥珀酸双酯磺酸钠的表面活性和应用性能的测定,研究和对比了两系列不同烷烃碳原子数(n)的烷基琥珀酸双酯磺酸钠的性能,得到了同系列产物结构与其性能的关系。结果表明,当n=8~16时,其中n=8,γcm c最低;n=16,cm c最低,分散力最强;n=14,乳化力最好;n=12,起泡性最好。     

双子双酯硫酸钠的合成及性能

以十二醇、乙二醇二环氧甘油醚和氯磺酸为原料,以BF3-乙醚为催化剂,通过三步法制备阴离子型双子表面活性剂双十二烷基乙氧基二硫酸酯钠;红外光谱对其结构进行了表征,测定了其表面活性和发泡力等性能。结果表明:该双子表面活性剂有良好的水溶性,室温下溶解度大于40%(质量分数),Krafft点低于-5℃;cmc为0.17 mmol.L-1,γcmc为29.9 mN.m-1;溶液浓度为1 mmol/L时,即时泡沫高度为146 mm;具有良好的去污、润湿和乳化性能。     

新型Gemini阳离子表面活性剂的合成和性能（2）——从十二胺和环氧氯丙烷合成多烷基多季铵盐阳离子

介绍了从十二胺和环氧氯丙烷合成一系列在两个十二烷基二甲基季铵盐基团之间分别含有一个甲基亚胺基、十二烷基亚胺基、二甲基亚铵基以及十二烷基甲基亚铵基的多烷基多季铵盐的方法及其表面活性。所合成的多季铵盐皆具有良好的水溶性;与常用的十二烷基三甲基氯化铵相比,具有两个十二烷基链的季铵盐的cmc要低2个数量级,而且有3个十二烷基链的季铵盐的cmc则要低4个数量级。不论分子中亲水性季铵盐基团的数目是多少,季铵盐类的cmc的对数(log cmc)随分子中疏水基的总碳原子数的增加线性下降;对含有两个烷基链的季铵盐,分子中心引入另一个电荷对发泡性能仅有微小的影响,而具有3个烷基链的三季铵盐比具有3个烷基链的双季铵盐具有更强的发泡和稳泡性能。     

烷基四甲基胍双子表面活性剂的合成与性能

以十二烷基伯胺和四甲基脲为原料合成了十二烷基四甲基胍及其盐酸盐.后者再与环氧氯丙烷反应制备了十二烷基四甲基胍双子阳离子表面活性剂,通过IR和~1HNMR鉴定了其结构,并考察了其性能.结果表明,十二烷基四甲基胍双子表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度(cmc)为2.5×10~(-4)mol/L,γ_(cmc)为28.5 mN/m,其表面活性明显高于单十二烷基胍盐酸盐.最后以十二烷基四甲基胍双子表面活性剂为模板剂制备了纳米SiO_2粒子.     

聚甘油脂肪酸酯与AEO_9复配性能研究

聚甘油脂肪酸酯与AEO9复配,对复配体系的性能进行测定,结果表明:m(AEO9)∶m(PGFE)为8∶1时复配体系的cmc和γcmc最低,泡沫体积最大,泡沫稳定性最好;m(AEO9)∶m(PGFE)为1∶2时对体系石蜡的乳化力最强,m(AEO9)∶m(PGFE)为2∶1对大豆油的乳化力最强;复配体系的润湿性能有所提高。     

Influence of nonionic surfactant additive on the properties of ionic surfactant solutions

The interaction of sodium dodecyl sulfate with a nonionic surfactant (a block copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide) has been investigated by the measurement of conductivity, surface tension and viscosity. The break point on the equivalent conductivity-square root of concentration diagram which gives the critical micelle concentration (cmc) of sodium dodecyl sulfate became less definite by the addition of the nonionic surfactant, because of the decrease in conductivity below the cmc and increase above the cmc. The steep decrease in reduced viscosity took place in dilute concentration of sodium dodecyl sulfate solutions. In the surface tension vs. concentration diagram, the concentration at which the two linear portions of the curve intersect represents the cmc. The addition of nonionic surfactant decreases this crossed point of sodium dodecyl sulfate and finally obscures the crossed point. These reults are interpreted in terms of an interaction between sodium dodecyl sulfate and nonionic surfactant.     

Synthesis,Surface Activity,and Biological Activities of Phosphonium and Metronidazole Salts

A series of phosphonium amphiphilic compounds was synthesized. Cationic parts of molecules contain triphenylphosphonium moieties. Lipophilic parts of compounds are represented by straight alkyl chain or the alkyl chains which are ornamented by benzyl or metronidazole. The physicochemical properties of phosphonium amphiphilic compounds were investigated by the measurements of surface tension and conductivity. The critical micelle concentration (cmc), the surface tension value at the cmc (γ_cmc), the surface area at the surface saturation per head group (A_cmc) were determined. The lowest cmc value was determined for phosphonium salts with straight dodecyl alkyl chain. Its value was 1.5 × 10⁻³ mol dm⁻³. Surface tension at the cmc decreases with the addition of bulky moieties (benzyl, radical from metronidazol) at the end of alkyl chains. Biological activities of compounds were studied on human erythrocytes and strains of Acanthamoeba lugdunensis and Acanthamoeba quina. Dodecyltriphenylphosphonium bromide showed the highest activity against Acanthamoeba. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first compound of the group of phosphonium amphiphiles, which exhibited high activity against Acanthamoeba. The determined structure–activity relationship indicated nonspecific trophocidal and hemolytic activity that depends on physicochemical properties of the studied compounds.     

Properties of aqueous solutions of disodium di-3-sulfopropyl α,θ-alkane dicarboxylate

A series of disodium di-3-sulfopropyl α,θ-alkane dicarboxylates NaO₃S(CH₂)₃OOC(CH₂)_nCOO(CH₂)₃SO₃Na (n=10, 12, 14, and 16) were prepared by the reaction of propane sultone with decane, dodecane, tetradecane or hexadecane dicarboxylic acids, and were estimated as to Krafft point and critical micelle concentration (cmc). The Krafft points of these α,θ-type surfactants were determined from the temperature at which the abrupt changes in the conductivities of the aqueous solutions in the presence of the solid surfactant were below 0 C for n=10, 23.5 C for n=12, 31.0 C for n=14 and 38.5 C for n = 16. The α,θ-type surfactant solution showed two break points in each plot of electroconductivity as a function of surfactant concentration. These results were considered to be due to the existence of the second cmc characteristic of these surfactants. A plot of the values obtained from the 1st cmc and the 2nd cmc of the α,θ-type surfactants decreases logarithmically according to the increasing total number of methylene groups (N). Their relationship is given as follows: log cmc =−0.142N+3.77 (1st cmc); log cmc =−0.143N+4.20 (2nd cmc).     

添加剂对十二烷基苯磺酸钠溶液cmc的影响

在25℃时利用电导法测定了添加剂甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、PEG、β-环糊精和NaOH对十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)溶液的临界胶束浓度的影响。实验结果表明,随着甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、PEG、NaOH加入量的增加,均使SDBS溶液的cmc值降低;不同分子量的PEG对SDBS溶液cmc值的影响是相同体积分数的PEG200相似文献   

十二烷基苄醇聚氧乙烯醚的合成及性能

以十二烷基苯为原料,经氯甲基化、水解及环氧乙基化等步骤得到平均乙氧基(EO)数为9.5的十二烷基苄醇聚氧乙烯醚(LBAEOn)。分别用FTIR和1HNMR表征了产物LBAEOn的结构特征,并用ESI-MS确定了LBAEOn中的EO分布。以表面张力法测得在25℃时LBAEOn的cmc和γcmc分别为1.83×10-6mol.L-1和39.0 mN.m-1;与脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(AEO9)和壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(NPEO10)相比较,除钙皂分散性能大致相当以外,LBAEOn的表面活性较好、发泡力较低、对正辛醇的增溶能力较强和对帆布的润湿性能较差。     

DYSB两性双子表面活性剂的合成与性能测定

以无水对氨基苯磺酸、1,4-二溴正丁烷、溴代十二烷、溴乙烷为主要原料,由氨的烷基化和季铵化反应合成了丁撑-双(乙基十二烷基对磺酸苯基)溴化铵(DYSB),属于磺基甜菜碱两性双子表面活性剂,其水溶液在25℃时的表面活性数据为:cmc=5.0×10-4mol/L,γcmc=25.8 mN/m。研究了无机阳离子和无机阴离子作为反离子对目标产物水溶液表面活性的影响,随着无机盐(NaCl、MgCl2、Na2SO4)浓度的增大,DYSB水溶液表面张力逐渐减小,最终趋于一定值,并且阴离子型反离子对目标产物表面活性的影响比阳离子型反离子的大。     

Determination of critical micelle concentrations of some surfactants by keto-enol tautomerism of benzoylacetone

Benzoylacetone, keto-enol tautomer, was dissolved in aqueous solutions of sodium dodecyl sulfate, dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, hexaethyleneglycol dodecyl ether, polyoxyethylene tert-octyl phenyl ether, and polyoxyethylene nonyl phenyl ether, respectively. The effect of surfactants on this keto-enol equilibrium was examined by measuring the intensity of two spectral bands at ca. 250 nm and 315 nm due to ketonic and enolic form of this compound. The existence of keto-enol equilibrium of the benzoylacetone was indicated by an isosbestic point among the two bands. The absorbances of the two bands showed hardly any change in the range of surfactant concentrations below the critical micelle concentration (cmc) but, in the concentration range above the cmc, the absorbance of the enolic form increased and that of the ketonic form decreased abruptly. These changes at cmc were very noticeable in the case of ionic surfactant solution. The concentrations corresponding to abrupt change of the spectra used for the determination of cmc were in fair agreement with data obtained by other methods. However, in the case of nonionic surfactant solutions, the absorbance due to the enolic form increased gradually with increase of the surfactant concentration, and the distinct break point was not observed at cmc.     

无机电解质对十二烷基硫酸钠性质影响的研究

选择不同类型的无机电解质(NaCl、Na2SO4、Na3PO4、MgCl2、AlCl3),考察了电解质对十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)表面张力、临界胶束浓度、润湿力、发泡力、乳化力的影响规律。实验表明,无机电解质对SDS的CMC影响显著,随着无机盐的加入,CMC降低,表面活性增强。当加入的氯化钠浓度达到0.3mol/L时,SDS的CMC降到了原来的十分之一,高价位离子对CMC影响大于低价位离子,同价位不同离子影响差别不大;SDS润湿性、乳化性、泡沫性能较好,加入电解质后,其润湿性增强,乳化性、泡沫高度和稳泡性降低。     

一种两性葡萄糖胺表面活性剂的合成与性能研究

在乙醇介质中,用KOH对葡萄糖胺盐酸盐(GAH)脱酸生成葡萄糖胺(GA),再与氯乙酸反应制得羧甲基氨基葡萄糖(CM-GluN),CM-GluN进一步与环氧丙基十二烷基二甲基氯化铵(DTGA)反应合成了两性氨基葡萄糖表面活性剂(2-羟基-3-十二烷基二甲基季铵基)丙基-6-O-羧甲基氨基葡萄糖(QA-CM-GluN)。采用IR和N元素分析对QA-CM-GluN进行了结构表征,并测试了其表面性能。结果表明,25℃下,QA-CM-GluN的cmc为0.001 mol.L-1,γcmc为25.78 mN.m-1,Γmax为3.78×10-10mol.cm-2,Amin为0.44 nm2;并表现出一定的乳化性和泡沫性能;与十二烷基二甲基甜菜碱(BS-12),Tween 80和十六烷基三甲基氯化铵(1631)配伍良好,无分层现象。