双恶唑啉对尼龙6改性作用的研究

以双恶唑啉为扩链剂,通过熔融挤出对尼龙6进行改性作用的研究.结果表明:双恶唑啉的用量存在最佳值,用量不足时偶联反应不充分,用量过多时封端反应加剧.扩链剂用量为最佳值时,扩链后尼龙6的特性黏度从0.96 dL/g增加到1.17 dL/g,端羧基含量和熔体指数分别降低为初始值的20%和38%.差式扫描量热分析表明:扩链后的尼龙6结晶度降低,扩链后尼龙6的缺口冲击强度有所提高.     

插层剂对PA66/蒙脱土纳米复合材料性能影响

将不同插层剂改性的蒙脱土与尼龙66(PA66)通过熔融共混制得了纳米复合材料,对复合材料的热变形温度和力学性能进行了研究。结果表明,与纯PA66相比,3种插层剂改性的蒙脱土／PA66纳米复合材料的热变形温度、弯曲模量、弯曲强度均有明显提高,拉伸模量和屈服强度也有所提高,但断裂伸长率和缺口冲击强度则明显下降;含极性羟基的插层剂对复合材料的综合改性效果较好,含2个长链非极性烃基的插层剂改性效果较差;加入环氧树脂后,复合材料的热变形温度、拉伸模量和弯曲模量有所降低,屈服强度、弯曲强度、断裂伸长率和缺口冲击强度则有所增加。     

尼龙66的环氧改性研究

采用环氧树脂(EP)对尼龙66(PA66)进行化学扩链改性,对改性PA66的力学性能、流变行为和耐热性能进行了测试和表征。结果表明,随着EP用量的增加,改性PA66的熔体体积流动速率(MVR)降低;当EP的质量分数为4.0%时,改性PA66的缺口冲击强度、拉伸强度、弯曲强度较纯PA66分别提高了50.2%、22.0%和44.7%。     

回收尼龙的扩链改性

尼龙由于其优异的性能被广泛应用,但尼龙的再生利用面临很大的困难。通过双螺杆挤出研究环氧聚合型扩链剂KL-E4370用量、吸酸剂的品种、共混条件对回收尼龙扩链改性效果的影响。实验结果表明,环氧聚合型扩链剂KL-E4370用量为2%,吸酸剂氧化镁用量为2%,加工温度230℃,主机频率为8 Hz下改性效果最好。     

双恶唑啉及环氧类扩链剂对PA6的改性效果比较

通过熔融挤出的方法分别用环氧类扩链剂和双恶唑啉类扩链剂对尼龙(PA)6进行扩链增黏,并对扩链产物的特性黏度,力学性能和加工性能等进行了测试,对比了两类扩链剂对PA6的改性效果。结果表明,当这两类扩链剂的质量分数均为0.9%时,PA6的各项性能最佳;双恶唑啉类扩链剂对PA6的改性效果比环氧类扩链剂要好。相对于纯PA6,添加质量分数为0.9%的双恶唑啉类扩链剂,可使扩链PA6的特性黏度由0.86 d L/g增加到1.57 d L/g,熔体流动速率由14.3 g/10 min降到5 g/10 min,缺口冲击强度由5.5 k J/m2增加到7.3 k J/m2,拉伸强度由54 MPa增加到65.85 MPa,断裂伸长率由130%增加到450.9%,弯曲强度由53.16 MPa增加到72.66 MPa,平衡扭矩由2.1 N·m升高到5.3 N·m。     

高柔韧性尼龙1010材料的制备

对尼龙1010/NBR/增塑剂体系进行了系统研究,发现在挤出机中环氧扩链剂可以对尼龙进行扩链反应,且环氧树脂对尼龙1010的扩链反应活性较高,扩链效果比较明显;N-丁基苯磺酰胺是尼龙的良好增塑剂,经增塑、增韧后可以使经扩链后的尼龙1010柔韧性有明显提高.采用SEM和TEM对所制备的材料进行了形貌分析,发现用NBR增韧尼龙,对于不同的基体材料,橡胶粒子的形貌有很大不同,粒子由增韧纯尼龙的椭球形变为在增塑尼龙基体中不规则的形状.     

回收尼龙的扩链改性研究

研究了回收尼龙扩链改性中扩链剂KL-E4370用量、吸酸剂的品种、共混条件对扩链效果的影响。结果显示,扩链剂KL-E4370用量为2%,吸酸剂氧化镁用量为2%,加工温度230℃,主机频率为8Hz下改性效果最好。     

扩链改性对聚乳酸挤出吹膜成型的影响

利用扩链剂改性聚乳酸(PLA),然后用改性PLA进行吹膜成型,研究了扩链剂用量对PLA熔体流动性、膜泡稳定性及薄膜力学性能的影响。结果表明:扩链剂的加入使PLA的熔体流动速率(MFR)明显下降,同时使其黏度增加,且提高了膜泡的稳定性;当扩链剂用量为0.5%、0.6%时,PLA薄膜的拉伸强度显著提高,最大冲击强度较纯PLA提高了74.67%。     

反应扩链制备高黏度尼龙6及其性能表征

采用熔融反应挤出为扩链方法,以带有反应官能团的尼龙(PA)为扩链剂,对PA6进行扩链研究.对扩链后产物的流变性能,熔融结晶性能进行了表征.结果表明,在加入扩链剂后扩链效果十分明显,扩链后产物黏流活化能随剪切速率的变化不太敏感;PA扩链后出现的熔融温度、结晶温度的提高均能说明聚合物的摩尔质量有所提高.     

不同环氧值环氧树脂对回收PET扩链研究

采用不同环氧值的环氧树脂扩链剂对回收PET在密炼机中进行反应扩链,利用DSC、转矩流变仪和特性粘度测试对其扩链效果进行了分析和研究。结果表明,环氧树脂改性PET的DSC曲线无明显玻璃化转变和冷结晶峰,且环氧树脂环氧值越小,改性PET结晶速度越快,熔点越高;随着环氧树脂扩链剂含量的增大,扩链改性PET特性粘度先增大后减小,且环氧树脂环氧值越小,改性PET特性粘度越大;当环氧值为0.238的环氧树脂扩链剂EP1添加量为1.3%时,扩链效果最好,改性PET特性粘度达到0.977 d L/g。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。