PVC塑料中邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂在体液中的迁移行为研究

利用新型溶胶-凝胶富勒烯涂层，采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱法对PVC塑料制品中的邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂在模拟体液（模拟人体汗液、模拟人体唾液）中的迁移行为进行了研究，对其固相微萃取条件和色谱分析条什进行了优化，并对PVC塑料制品在模拟体液中的浸泡条件进行了研究。该方法的最低检出限分别为0．082～0．730μg／L（模拟人体汗液）和0.0791-1．370μg／L（模拟人体唾液），回收率为82％～107％，RSD＜8％。     

塑料水杯中邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂迁移量的测定

采用气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC/MS)测定了一次性塑料水杯浸出液中16种邻苯二甲酸酯类(PAEs)增塑剂的迁移量。结果表明:本方法在0.5~8.0μg/ml线性范围内,16种PAEs增塑剂均成良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.997。精密度(n=6)为0.2%~1.4%,平均回收率为86%~102%,检出限(3S/N)为0.02~0.05μg/ml。浸出液中主要检出了DEP、DIBP、DBP、DCHP和DEHP,且其含量与温度呈正相关。     

软质PVC中增塑剂在不同溶媒中的迁移行为

研究软质PVC交联前后,增塑剂对苯二甲酸二辛酯在蒸馏水、3%乙酸、10%乙醇和橄榄油浸泡溶媒中的迁移行为。结果表明:增塑剂在蒸馏水和乙醇浸泡溶媒中,前24 h缓慢上升后趋于平缓;在乙酸浸泡环境中,交联改性延迟了增塑剂迁移出来的时间;在橄榄油浸泡溶媒中,前24 h迅速上升后也逐渐趋于平缓,交联改性对增塑剂迁移有一定的抑制作用,凝胶含量越大,迁移率越小。无论PVC交联与否,增塑剂在不同溶媒中的迁移率大小顺序均为:橄榄油>10%乙醇>蒸馏水>3%乙酸。     

PVC塑料制品中增塑剂PAEs在水环境中迁移规律的研究

本文应用固相萃、取液相色谱联用技术,研究了PVC塑料制品中有机增塑剂在水环境中的迁移规律。研究表明在PVC塑料制品中的增塑剂会在水环境中缓慢释放,并且受pH、温度等影响较大。     

PVC包装膜中己二酸酯类增塑剂在水中的迁移行为研究

采用顶空固相微萃取方式和气相色谱-质谱单离子监测技术,以己二酸二(1-丁基戊基)酯为内标,对PVC包装膜在水介质中己二酸二乙酯、己二酸二异丁酯、己二酸二丁酯、己二酸二(2-丁氧基乙基)酯、己二酸二(乙基己基)酯5种己二酸酯类增塑剂的迁移行为进行了研究,对其固相微萃取条件和色谱条件进行了优化,并对PVC包装膜在水介质中的浸泡条件进行了研究。该方法的检测限量为0.022~0.912μg/L,回收率为86.16%~104.33%,相对标准偏差为7.75%~8.44%。     

软质PVC交联对增塑剂迁移行为的影响

研究了软质PVC交联前后,对苯二甲酸二辛酯(A)、乙酰柠檬酸三正丁酯(B)和邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(C)三类增塑剂在40℃橄榄油浸泡环境中的迁移行为.结果表明,不管PVC是否交联,A、B、C三类增塑剂的迁移率均随浸泡时间的延长,呈总体上升趋势;在浸泡的前24 h,迁移率迅速上升,当浸泡时间超过192 h后,迁移率上升逐渐趋于平缓.PVC交联对各类增塑剂的迁移均起到了明显的抑制作用,且随着凝胶含量的增加,其抑制作用越明显;当凝胶含量为最大值、增塑剂达到最终的迁移平衡时,均能降低约30%的增塑剂迁移率.几类增塑剂中,B 增塑剂迁移率>C增塑剂迁移率>A增塑剂迁移率;PVC交联对A、B、C三类增塑剂之间迁移抑制率的影响无明显规律.     

替代邻苯二甲酸酯的新型增塑剂

一种基于异双脱水山梨糖醇的新型增塑剂可望替代人们高度持有异议的邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂。加有这种增塑剂得到的PVC比含有邻苯二甲酸酯的材料更匀滑且更透明，迁移性质也更好。这种新的增塑剂在诸如胶粘剂或密封剂的应用中，也适用作为苯甲酸酯类的BBP替代。异双脱水山梨糖醇酯在功能上可与相对应的邻苯二甲酸酯相媲美。基于现有的毒性测试数据，它有极好的性能。异双脱水山梨糖醇酯生产时可获得高产率、高纯度，并具有极好的色度。     

GC-MS测试PVC制品中的23种邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂

建立了气相色谱-质谱法测定PVC塑胶粒子中23种邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂的方法。样品前处理方法为超声波提取,乙酸乙酯为萃取液,正己烷沉淀絮凝高聚物,经气相色谱-质谱联用仪测定,质谱图及保留时间定性,外标法定量。样品加标回收率为72.0%～116.6%,相对标准偏差为3.1%～11.3%。该方法前处理简单,操作简便,稳定性好,可用于PVC制品中中邻苯二甲酸酯的测定。     

食品包装材料中邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂迁移量的测定

建立了一种食品包装材料中邻苯二甲酸酯类(PAEs)增塑剂迁移量的检测方法。以正己烷为萃取溶剂对食品包装材料模拟液中17种PAEs进行提取,然后采用气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS)进行检测。结果表明:17种PAEs的分离较好,方法检出限为0.14~0.30 mg/kg,线性范围0.5~8.0 mg/L,相关系数大于0.996,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.2%~4.8%,回收率为95.0%~116.0%。该方法操作简便、准确、分离效果好,可同时检测食品包装材料中17种PAEs类增塑剂的迁移量。     

邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂分析方法进展

本文详细介绍了国内外邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂检测方法的研究进展。对环境（大气、水体、土壤）中和塑料产品中的邻苯二甲酸酯的样品的预处理方法和检测技术作了综述，并提出了检测中存在的问题和研究前景。     

聚氯乙烯塑料中多种邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂的同时测定

为了在线监控聚氯乙烯塑料中增塑剂的含量,利用傅立叶变换红外光谱法-ATR技术测定样品的红外光谱,采用偏最小二乘法对所测红外光谱进行分析,建立了一种无损快速分析方法,定量地测定聚氯乙烯塑料中多种邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂的含量。该方法测量精密度的变异系数小于6%,测量准确度的变异系数小于3%。该方法不受基体的干扰,简单快速,适合于流水线的质量控制。     

PVC塑料中己二酸酯类增塑剂的快速筛查和半定量分析

利用裂解器的热解吸功能,采用固体样品直接进样技术,通过加热将PVC塑料中的己二酸酯类增塑剂释放出来,在线利用气质联用仪进行定性和半定量分析,外标法定量,从而建立了一种能快速筛查和半定量测定PVC塑料中8种己二酸酯类增塑剂含量的气质联用分析方法,并对热解吸温度、热解吸时间、附件初始温度、裂解头升温速率等裂解器热解吸工作条...     

Effects of inorganic nano‐particles on plasticizers migration of flexible PVC

The influences of nano‐particles (nano‐sized CaCO₃ and nano‐sized SiO₂) on plasticizers volatility, solvent extraction stability, and exudation stability of flexible PVC were studied. The results showed that nano‐particles could reduce migration of plasticizers, thus improved the ability of anti‐migration of flexible PVC. Further more, nano‐sized SiO₂ shows excellent property than nano‐sized CaCO₃ in resistance migration of plasticizers. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

Supercritical CO2 extraction of phthalate plasticizers from PVC

Three common phthalates, namely, dioctyl phthalate, diisodecyl phthalate, and trioctyl trimellitate, were used as plasticizers for poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) processing, and the extraction of these plasticizers were investigated using supercritical CO₂ fluids. Factors affecting the extractions of these phthalates were focused. The molecular weight of phthalates was found to dominate the level of extraction of low temperatures, whereas the content of carbonyl groups in the phthalate was a determining factor for the level of extraction of high temperatures. Negligible extraction was observed below the critical pressure of CO₂. For 32°C, the level of the extraction is insignificant below density of ca 0.7 g/cm³, above which the level of the extraction increases roughly linearly with increasing density. For temperatures above 32°C, the density of CO₂ for apparent extractions decreased with increasing temperatures. The threshold density of CO₂ for extractions was found to be independent of the amount of a given phthalate in PVC. Two extraction rates during the extraction could be determined, with a higher rate in the first hour followed by a lower rate later in the extraction for all three phthalates. The effects of the extractions of phthalates on the flexibility of PVC were also investigated as well as the effects of the extrusion conditions, which could lead to various degrees of plasticization of PVC, on the level of extractions. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 4032–4037, 2003     

多功能植物油基增塑剂制备及增塑PVC研究进展

植物油基增塑剂因具有原料来源广、结构可调、增塑性能优良、无毒和可生物降解等优点,被认为是最具应用前景的生物基环保增塑剂。然而,植物油基增塑剂结构中长链烷基比重过高,导致其与PVC树脂相容性较差,通常作为辅助增塑剂使用,应用价值未得到有力彰显。近年来,国内外学者对植物油基增塑结构进行化学改性,开发了系列多功能植物油基增塑剂(如增容、耐热、阻燃、耐迁移等),实现了植物油基增塑剂的“提质增效”。本文从植物油分子结构设计出发,通过分子模拟、微观和宏观分析手段相结合的方式对现有文献进行归纳、分析和总结,建立了增塑剂结构和增塑后PVC制品性能的“构效”关系,旨在为高性能、多功能植物油基增塑剂的结构设计和工业化生产提供理论依据。     

Soft PVC foams: Study of the gelation,fusion and foaming processes. III. Mixed phthalate ester plasticizers

The foaming of PVC (poly(vinyl chloride)) plastisols is a complex combination of simultaneous processes, involving the curing and structural changes of the plastisol, the gas generation and the foam formation. Our comprehensive study of such processes and of the influence of plasticizer on the foam quality has shown that all the processes involved have to be adequately synchronized to obtain foams of the required quality. A series of plastisols prepared by mixing a high and a low compatible phthalate ester plasticizer in several proportions (100/0, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75, 0/100 ratios) has been studied and characterized (by means of rheology, calorimetry, thermal stability, thermomechanical properties, density, and foam morphology), to study the influence of the plasticizer in such processes with changing compatibility. We found expectable rheological and calorimetric behavior regarding the plastisols without curing; however we experienced nonlinear (unexpected) behaviors in cases of foams and plastisols being cured. To confirm such behavior and our hypothesis regarding the possible plasticizer evaporation, the thermal stability of the plastisols, precured samples and foams have been studied by themorgravimetric analysis (TGA). According to our results it can be deduced that the plasticizer loss occurring in some cases during the production of the foams or the specimens being characterized, plays an important role in the foaming process and also influences the foam quality. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

采用凝胶渗透色谱法确定PVC中增塑剂的种类及含量

介绍了采用凝胶渗透色谱（GPC）法确定PVC粒料中邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂的具体种类及含量。     

Soft PVC foams: Study of the gelation,fusion, and foaming processes. I. Phthalate ester plasticizers

The use of foamed plastics gains more and more interest every day. Flexible poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) foams have excellent mechanical properties and low price, thus their application is extensive. Foams are produced from plastisols, which are based on the suspension of the PVC resin in a plasticizer. Phthalates are the most used plasticizers in flexible PVC foam formation. In this study, we have studied the influence of the phthalate ester‐type plasticizers on the foaming process and the quality of the foams obtained from the corresponding plastisols. For the plastisols prepared with the nine phthalate plasticizers considered, we have studied and discussed the complex and extensional viscosities; the thermal behavior (DSC) including the decomposition of the chemical blowing agent, and the foam production by rotational molding. In addition, we have characterized the foams obtained by thermomechanical analysis, density, and bubble size distribution. As expected, clear correlations have been obtained between the molecular weight and structure of the plasticizer with the rheological behavior of the plastisols. The knowledge of the gelation and fusion processes and evolution of the extensional viscosity of the plastisols combined with the study of the thermal decomposition of the blowing agent in each plastisol allows for better understanding of the complex dynamic behavior of these foaming systems. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

含PVC混合塑料水热反应中的氯迁移特性

聚氯乙烯(PVC)的大量使用导致城市生活垃圾(MSW)中的氯含量相对较高。水热反应将氯尤其是有机氯高效脱除是实现垃圾无害化处理和资源化利用的前提。MSW中塑料组分复杂,有机氯主要来源于PVC,研究影响PVC水热脱氯中氯迁移特性的因素具有重要意义。选取两种型号(HB-65和S-65)的PVC和聚乙烯(PE)、聚丙烯(PP)、聚苯乙烯(PS)、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)作为原料,研究了PVC自身性能和水热条件对氯脱除的影响规律,考察了塑料混合水热过程中的氯迁移特征。结果表明,PVC自身性能是影响水热脱氯内在因素,水热条件如水热温度、保温时间和反应物浓度是外在因素。塑料因不同的热膨胀性在混合水热过程中存在协同效应,添加PP和ABS使PVCHB-65脱氯率分别下降了71.66%和70.96%,使PVCS-65脱氯率分别下降了19.05%和18.15%;添加PE和PS使PVCHB-65脱氯率分别下降了71.06%和43.06%,使PVCS-65脱氯率分别升高了8.20%和46.70%。