基于自适应模糊神经网络的功放预失真新方法

针对无线通信系统中记忆非线性功率放大器预失真结构不足和精度不高等问题,提出了一种基于模糊神经网络模型识别的双环学习结构自适应预失真方法。该方法以实数延时模糊神经网络模型为基础,采用改进的简化粒子群优化（Simplified Particle Swarm Optimization,SPSO）算法进行间接学习结构离线训练模糊神经网络来确定模型参数,作为预失真器的初值,再利用最小均方（Least Mean Square,LMS）算法进行直接学习结构在线微调整预失真器参数,拟合功放的非线性和记忆效应。该方法结构简单,收敛速度快且精度高,避免了局部最优。实验结果表明,该方案邻信道功率比经典的双环结构预失真方法约改善7 dB,功放的线性化性能明显提高,由此验证了其可行性。     

简化的滤波器查找表与神经网络联合预失真方法

针对功率放大器的记忆非线性特性给通信系统带来的失真问题,提出一种改进的滤波器查找表(FLUT)预失真方法.在FLUT方法的基础上,改进FLUT预失真结构及简化自适应更新部分.采用传输窄带序列训练神经网络模型弥补功率放大器的非线性特性,利用二维滤波器码表补偿功放的记忆效应.通过将功率放大器的非线性特性和记忆效应分开处理,降低神经网络模型的计算复杂度.仿真结果表明,改进方法能有效降低系统误码率,抑制带外频谱扩展,减少带内失真,与原FLUT方法相比,对记忆功率放大器有更好的线性化效果.     

一种高效的功放自适应预失真器设计

在对高功率放大器(HPA)进行自适应预失真过程中,为提高自适应算法运用的灵活性和自适应的收敛速率,解决幅度自适应预处理过程中对幅度过度压缩而影响功放输出功率和效率的问题,设计出一种高效的HPA自适应预失真器。该方案中幅度、相位预失真器相级联,对幅度预失真器采用间接自适应结构进行训练;相位预失真器直接对功放幅度-相位(AM-PM)特性进行辨识,然后取反得到,AM-PM特性辨识器同时又是相位预失真器,能够提高HPA自适应预失真过程中自适应算法运用的灵活性和自适应收敛速率;幅度预失真器基于正弦函数系模型,自适应预失真过程可以同时兼顾功放效率、输出功率和线性度3项重要指标。最后以M-QAM和双音信号为例进行仿真测试,验证了该方法的优势。     

自适应宽带数字预失真理论分析和仿真

研究优化宽带性能问题,在多载波调制系统中,具有较大峰均比的宽带线性调制信号经过射频功率放大器会产生非线性失真和记忆效应.为了消除功放非线性带来的影响,提出了宽带自适应数字预失真技术,采用间接学习结构设计预失真系统,记忆多项式模型进行功放辨识,并运用递推最小二乘算法更新预失真器参数.仿真结果表明,预失真器改善带外频谱抑制25dB左右,有效地补偿了功放的非线性失真和记忆效应,提高了功放效率,对通信传输质量有了提高,并为优化设计提供了参考.     

记忆非线性功率放大器的神经网络预失真

数字预失真是克服高功率放大器(HPA)非线性失真最有前途的一项技术。早期对预失真技术的研究大多局限于无记忆非线性,但对于宽带应用,放大器的记忆特性明显。该文提出了一种新的有记忆非线性功率放大器的神经网络预失真技术,预失真器利用输入信号的同向和正交分量作为输入,采用带抽头延时的双入双出两层前向神经网络结构,根据非直接学习结构和反向传播算法实现自适应,可同时补偿放大器的记忆失真和非线性失真。仿真结果表明,建议的方案能有效抑制带外谱扩散,降低误码率,实现有记忆非线性HPA的自适应预失真。     

基于自适应扩展卡尔曼滤波与神经网络的HPA预失真算法

针对强记忆功放的非线性问题,提出一种基于自适应扩展卡尔曼滤波与神经网络的高功放(High power amplifier, HPA)预失真算法.采用实数固定延时神经网络(Real-valued focused time-delay neural network, RVFTDNN)对间接学习结构预失真系统中的预失真器和逆估计器进行建模,扩展卡尔曼滤波(Extended Kalman filter, EKF)算法训练神经网络,从理论上指出Levenberg-Marquardt(LM)算法是EKF算法的特殊情况,并用李亚普诺夫稳定性理论分析EKF算法的稳定收敛条件,推导出测量误差矩阵的自适应迭代公式.结果表明:自适应EKF算法的训练误差和泛化误差均比LM算法更低,预失真后的邻道功率比(Adjacent channel power ratio, ACPR)比LM算法改善了2dB.     

改进算法的峰均比抑制联合预失真技术

研究正交频分复用OFDM(orthogonal frequency division multiplexing)传输系统中高功率放大器HPA(High power amplifier)的自适应预失真方法。为了减少HPA非线性对OFDM传输系统的影响,通过改进的限幅法与自适应预失真技术相结合,降低OFDM信号的峰均比值,扩大HPA的线性化范围,从而补偿功放的非线性特性。提出一种基于变步长的最小均方LMS(Least meansquare)算法,并将其应用到基于记忆多项式模型的数字预失真系统中。仿真结果表明:结合峰均比抑制技术与自适应预失真技术,其性能优于单独使用自适应预失真技术,而且新的算法能有效地改善放大器的非线性特性,带外频谱抑制达到28dB。     

基于并行演化计算的记忆非线性功率放大器数字预失真研究

自适应数字预失真是克服高功率放大器非线性失真最有前途的一项技术。为提高预失真的效率和效果,引入并行计算平台下的演化计算技术,提出了基于PSO算法预训练神经网络的方法,给出了算法软件实现的基本流程。在所述基础上,采用带抽头延时的双入双出三层前向神经网络结构,根据非直接学习结构和反向传播算法实现自适应,可同时补偿放大器的记忆失真和非线性失真的预失真技术。仿真实验表明,通过与无PSO预训练算法的相比,基于PSO预训练的神经网络训练算法有更好的性能。     

基于数字预失真技术的有记忆功放线性化研究

现代通信系统中,具有较大峰均比和带宽的线性调制信号经过大功率功放会产生非线性失真和记忆效应.针对高峰均比的宽带输入信号,提出一套联合峰均比抑制技术和基带自适应预失真技术来改善功放非线性失真的可行方案.并仿真了峰值抵消算法和自适应预失真算法,结果表明对于峰均比为7.6dB的输入信号,经过1dB的削峰处理后,预失真器改善带外频谱抑制25dB左右,有效的补偿了功放的非线性失真和记忆效应,提高了功放效率,对功放线性化技术有一定的实用价值.     

功放的数字基带预失真系统研究与仿真

为了克服功率放大器的非线性失真和满足制定的功率谱密度要求,数字基带预失真技术以其良好的线性度、宽带宽、高效率和全自适应性等优点成为解决功率放大器非线性失真的问题.文中在详细地分析数字基带预失真系统原理和单位延迟抽头多项式模型的基础上,提出了具有记忆效应的数字基带预失真电路,并在ADS环境中实现了系统级仿真.仿真结果表明,系统对功率谱密度的改善最大能达到30dBm,具有很好的预失真效果.故构建的系统级仿真电路对实际的数字预失真系统设计起着重要的指导作用.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.