考虑服务竞争的O2O 供应链决策与协调

O2O 模式下的双渠道供应链颠覆了传统的渠道价格竞争模式、价格协同机制和服务水平, 已成为决策的关键要素. 当供应链发生需求和服务替代系数突变时, 通过KKT条件求出不同扰动情形下制造商垂直O2O 供应链和零售商水平O2O 供应链的决策值, 然后设计了两部定价契约协调需求和服务替代系数同时扰动下的O2O 供应链. 研究表明, 两部定价契约可以协调零售商O2O 供应链, 当突变范围较大时, 作为博弈主导方的零售商将放弃加价销售,转向收取固定的转移支付.

     

基于讨价还价能力的双渠道供应链定价模式选择

针对由网络直销渠道和电子零售渠道组成的双渠道供应链进行研究。基于制造商和零售商之间的谈判能力对比, 通过博弈建模分析了三种零售价定价模式下供应链成员的价格决策和物流服务水平决策。研究表明, 在制造商谈判能力较弱的情况下, 制造商统一定价模式是最优模式; 在制造商谈判能力较强的情况下, 以直销价格为协商基础的分别定价模式是最优模式; 在最优模式下, 制造商和供应链的利润都显著占优, 电子零售商提供的物流服务水平也相应最高, 但电子零售商的利润受定价模式的影响不显著, 最优模式也是双方接受的均衡策略。     

不同风险偏好下双渠道供应链定价决策

为了探讨风险偏好对双渠道供应链决策的影响, 基于条件风险值(CVaR) 准则建立双渠道供应链定价决策模型, 并给出了模型的求解方法和最优解. 研究表明, 根据不同风险偏好程度, 供应链成员会采取不同定价策略; 当制造商风险偏好程度确定、零售商风险规避度增加时, 最优零售价降低, 最优批发价升高, 直销价不减; 当零售商风险偏好度确定、制造商风险规避度增加时, 各最优价格均降低; 风险偏爱的影响则与风险规避相反.

     

考虑价格和服务水平竞争的垂直双渠道供应链决策模型

针对垂直双渠道供应链中零售商在电子直销渠道和传统零售渠道销售同质品的情况,分别建立价格替代系数扰动下、服务水平替代系数扰动下、价格替代系数和服务水平替代系数同时扰动下的需求模型和利润模型,利用求解最优利润的条件,提出3种不同扰动情形的最优决策.研究表明:在一定扰动范围内,制造商可以通过保持产量,调整两条渠道的价格和服务水平获得该情形下的最优利润;当扰动超出一定范围时,制造商可以通过改变产量,调整两条渠道的价格和服务水平获得该情形下的最优利润.     

考虑参照价格效应的双渠道供应链协调机制设计

考虑参照价格效应对双渠道供应链运作的影响,构建制造商和实体店间的Stackelberg博弈模型,探讨参照价格效应影响实体店销售价格和网店直销价格的机理,并在此基础上设计一个改善供应链运作的协调机制.研究结果表明:与集中决策模式相比,分散决策模式下的供应链整体利润水平会降低;参照价格效应的存在能够缓解渠道间价格的竞争程度,提升供应链的运作效率;合理设计的两部定价契约能够作为协调双渠道供应链的有效机制.     

考虑Showrooms效应的供应链定价与渠道模式策略

构建双渠道和线上到线下(O2O)两种模式下的供应链博弈模型,研究Showrooms效应影响下的供应链定价和渠道模式策略选择问题.研究结果表明:无论何种渠道模式,Showrooms效应和线下展厅服务使得制造商和零售商提高线上和线下渠道的零售价格;双渠道模式下制造商将降低批发价格,而O2O模式下制造商不一定降低批发价格.线下展厅服务和Showrooms效应可以增加线上、线下渠道和总需求量,实现零售商利润增加,零售商会提供线下展厅服务并愿意接受O2O模式.只有当Showrooms效应较小时,制造商选择O2O模式,此模式在大部分条件下可以提高供应链运作效率.因此,当Showrooms效应和线上渠道需求比例满足一定条件时,O2O模式是制造商和零售商的一致选择,从而实现由双渠道模式到O2O模式的成功转型.     

需求依赖于产品价格和消费者时间偏好的定价与订货决策

研究产品的市场需求依赖于价格和消费者时间偏好情形下的供应链及其成员的最优定价与订货问题. 利用时间偏好因子刻画消费者的时间偏好, 利用产品市场需求关于零售价格的弹性指数反映消费者的价格敏感程度, 建立存在强势零售商、强势供应商和供需双方势力均衡3 种渠道权力结构下的定价与订货模型. 数值结果表明, 在3 种渠道权力结构下, 消费者的时间偏好和产品市场需求关于零售价格的弹性指数是供应链主导者最优定价、订货量和期望利润的单调减函数, 将其纳入定价与订货决策的影响因素予以考量能够增加供应链主导者的最大期望利润.

     

竞争环境下两个B2C服务共享平台的均衡决策

针对服务共享中某个时段内可能出现供小于需或供大于需的情形(即情形S或情形G),研究竞争环境下两个B2C服务共享平台的最优定价与服务水平决策.首先,构建每种情形下两个平台的Nash博弈模型,并通过求解模型得到均衡结果,包括服务价格、服务水平、实际需求和平台利润.进一步地,分析不同情形下共享产品投放量对均衡结果的影响.研究结果表明:若两个平台总的共享产品投放量小于一个阈值,则情形S下一个平台的最优服务价格与共享服务水平均大于情形G下该平台的最优服务价格与服务水平.若两个平台总的共享产品投放量满足一定条件,则情形S下一个平台的利润大于情形G下该平台的利润.当消费者针对共享产品的平均使用量较大时,情形S下的社会福利大于情形G下的社会福利.     

考虑低碳消费者行为和专利保护的再制造产品定价决策

考虑人们对再制造产品的偏好及专利保护, 建立基于不同消费者群体支付意愿的需求模型, 研究新产品和再制造品的定价决策. 结果表明: 低碳消费者比例和普通消费者对再制造品的接受程度同时影响定价决策; 无论是否存在专利保护, 低碳消费者比例始终影响再制造商的定价策略, 而原制造商的定价策略只有在普通消费者对再制造品的接受程度较低时, 低碳消费者比例才会影响其定价策略; 在有专利保护时, 再制造商倾向于高价策略.

     

基于Bertrand博弈的共享单车定价与投放联合策略研究

基于共享单车租赁所具有的随机性特点,构建随机环境下共享单车企业在寡头市场中关于租赁定价与投放数量联合决策的二维Bertrand博弈模型,研究差异定价与协同定价两种情形下共享单车企业的最优策略组合,分析市场潜在需求量和用车区域覆盖难度系数对企业策略以及经营利润产生的影响.研究表明:在差异定价情形下,当用车需求具有概率性特点时,共享单车企业之间的博弈存在唯一的纳什均衡解,且低价企业对市场价格的影响力升高有利于竞争双方利润增加;在协同定价情形下,共享单车市场的平均租赁价格较低,且随市场潜在需求量的增大而增大,但与差异定价情形相比增速较小;协同定价有利于维持共享单车企业在市场规模较小时的盈利,差异定价有利于抑制共享单车企业在市场规模扩大时的过度投放.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.