镱掺杂二氧化锡纳米粉体的制备工艺影响因素

以SnCl4·5H2O和Yb(NO3)3·6H2O为原料,氨水为沉淀剂,采用化学共沉淀法制备了镱掺杂二氧化锡纳米粉体,考察了反应温度、煅烧温度、分散剂的种类对所得纳米镱掺杂二氧化锡粉体的物相、晶粒度和形貌的影响。对粉体的前驱体进行综合热分析(TG-DTA),用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对产物的结构和形貌进行表征,得到共沉淀法制备纳米镱掺杂二氧化锡粉体的最佳条件为:反应温度60℃,煅烧温度600℃,用非离子型PEG-600为分散剂。     

化学共沉淀法制备纳米铋掺杂氧化锡的影响因素研究

以SnCl4.5H2O和Bi(NO3)3.5H2O为原料,氨水为沉淀剂,采用化学共沉淀法制备了铋掺杂氧化锡（BTO）纳米粉体,研究了反应温度、滴定终点pH值、铋掺杂量,煅烧温度和分散剂PEG-600对所得的纳米BTO粉体物相、晶粒度和形貌的影响,对粉末的前驱体进行综合热分析（TG-DTA）,用X-射线衍射（XRD）,扫描电镜(SEM)对产物的结构和形貌进行表征,得到共沉淀法制备纳米BTO粉体的最佳条件：反应温度60℃,滴定终点pH值为3,煅烧温度600℃;该条件下制得BTO粉体的电阻率最小为3.48Ω•cm。     

化学共沉淀法制备纳米铋掺杂氧化锡

以SnCl4.5H2O和Bi(NO3)3.5H2O为原料,氨水为沉淀剂,采用化学共沉淀法制备了铋掺杂氧化锡(BTO)纳米粉体,考察了反应温度、滴定终点pH、铋掺杂量、煅烧温度和分散剂PEG-600对所得的纳米BTO粉体物相、晶粒度和形貌的影响,对粉末的前驱体进行综合热分析(TG-DTA),用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)对产物的结构和形貌进行表征,得到共沉淀法制备纳米BTO粉体的最佳条件:反应温度60℃,滴定终点pH=3,煅烧温度600℃;该条件下制得BTO粉体的电阻率最小为3.48Ω.cm。     

沉淀法制备纳米CeO2的研究

以硝酸铈、酒石酸铵为原料,采用沉淀法制备了CeO2纳米晶体,考察了煅烧温度、原料计量比和分散剂的影响,差热分析结果表明：前驱物为Ce2L3·8H2O,样品用TEM和XRD进行了表征,样品外观形貌为淡黄色蓬松状粉体,前驱物经600℃、700℃、800~C℃煅烧2h所得样品的粒径分别为15nm、24nm,32nm左右。     

共沉淀法制备纳米级Y_2O_3:Eu~(3+)红色发光粉体及其发光性质的研究

以Y2O3,Eu2O3为原料采用尿素共沉淀法,在600、800和1000℃温度煅烧制备了Y2O3:Eu3+纳米级粉体,利用XRD、SEM等测试手段对粉体的形貌进行了表征,用分光光度计测试了样品的激发和发射光谱.并比较了这三个温度下样品的发光性质,结果表明1000℃煅烧的粉体发光性能最好.     

共沉淀法制备纳米级Y2O3：Eu^3＋红色发光粉体及

以Y2O3,Eu2O3为原料采用尿素共沉淀法,在600、800和1000℃温度煅烧制备了Y2O3：Eu^3＋纳米级粉体,利用XRD、SEM等测试手段对粉体的形貌进行了表征,用分光光度计溯试了样品的激发和发射光谱。并比较了这兰个温度下样品的发光性质,结果表明1000℃煅烧的粉体发光性能最好。     

CeO2-Y2O3共稳定纳米四方多晶氧化锆粉体的制备与研究

用共沉淀法制备掺杂复合稳定剂CeO2-Y2O3纳米四方多晶氧化锆粉体,并讨论了pH,煅烧温度以及稳定剂的含量对所制备的粉体的组成情况和晶粒尺寸。用XRD、BET和热分析的结果表明pH≥9.5,煅烧温度为700℃左右可以获得细晶、稳定的TZP粉体。     

叶腊石基锑掺杂二氧化锡复合导电粉体的制备及电性能

通过化学共沉淀法制备了以叶腊石微粉为基体、表面包覆锑掺杂二氧化锡的复合导电粉体,采用X射线衍射(XRD)和场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)分别对该复合导电粉体晶体结构和微观形貌进行表征,并进一步研究了各反应条件对复合粉体体积电阻率的影响。实验结果表明,当水解温度60℃、水解pH值为1、SnCl4加入量100%、Sb掺杂量16%、600℃煅烧1 h时,可得到体积电阻率为26.cm的复合导电粉体。该复合导电粉体可作为填料广泛应用于导电塑料、橡胶等复合导电产品,同时为矿物基功能材料的低成本制备提供了新的思路。     

熔盐法合成磷酸镧粉体及其形貌

以La(NO3)3b·6H2O和H3PO4为原料,以KNO3-NaNO3为助熔剂,由熔盐法分别经300,400,500,600,700℃和800℃煅烧制备了磷酸镧粉体.利用X射线衍射分析粉体的相结构,用扫描电镜观察其微观结构,研究了不同煅烧温度和熔盐含量对粉体相结构及形貌的影响.结果表明:磷酸镧粉体的形貌、相结构与煅烧温度和熔盐加入量有密切关系,400℃制备的磷酸镧颗粒为束状,500℃制备的为米粒状,600℃制备的的为均匀圆球状的纳米颗粒,700,800℃制备的为层片状的磷酸镧颗粒.300～600℃煅烧后可以得到单斜相的磷酸镧,700℃煅烧后的粉体既有单斜相又有六方相,800℃煅烧后的粉体全部为六方相,磷酸镧由单斜相向六方相转变的温度为735℃.     

共沉淀法制备纳米ITO粉末

本文采用化学共沉淀法制备纳米ITO粉末并对其进行表征 :用X射线衍射 (XRD)分析其晶型、透射电镜 (TEM)观察ITO粉末的大小和形貌、自动吸附仪测量ITO粉体的比表面积。讨论了反应介质、pH值的选择、分散剂的添加、煅烧温度等因素对产品性能的影响。研究发现 :以Na2 SiO3 为分散剂 ,共沉淀前驱体在 70 0℃下煅烧 2h ,可以得到粒度小 (约 2 0nm)、比表面积大 (130～ 15 0m2 ·g-1)、颗粒分布均匀、结晶性好的ITO超细粉末。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating prepared via facile sol-gel process

A highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating was obtained from a new bis-silylated precursor, which was synthesized from 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and m-xylylene diisocyanate (m-XDI) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and verified by ¹H MAS NMR. For direct comparison purposes, an SiO₂ coating was also prepared by the Stöber method using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as the reactant. Interestingly, the coating obtained from the polysilsesquioxane sol exhibited a much higher moisture resistance capability than its counterpart, which was attributed to its more compact feature between nanoparticles as characterized by N₂ absorption experiment and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, its high transparency of about 92% showed potential for application in the protection of optical crystals.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.