用于降压增注的双子表面活性剂的合成及性能

针对低渗油田注水井注入压力高的问题,研发出一种双十八胺基聚氧乙烯醚双子表面活性剂MT-01,并且通过室内实验考察了MT-01的性能及降压增注的效果。研究表明,当MT-01在较低质量浓度为800 mg/L时,表面张力达到最低,且能有效防止黏土膨胀,能够有效降低油水界面张力,其良好的润湿能力使储层砂岩表面从亲水性向中间润湿转变。岩心驱替实验结果表明,当其质量浓度在400~1 000 mg/L,注入两倍孔隙体积(2PV)MT-01降压增注效果显著,降压幅度最高可达29%,提高水相渗透率幅度最高达40%。该双子表面活性剂MT-01对于提高渗透油田注水井吸水能力、降低注入压力具有较好的应用潜力。     

特种表面活性剂和功能性表面活性剂(ⅩⅧ)——酰胺基双子表面活性剂的研究进展

综述了酰胺基双子(gemini)表面活性剂的研究进展,重点介绍了阳离子型、阴离子型、非离子型以及两性型酰胺基gemini表面活性剂的种类、结构、合成及性能的研究现状,并展望了酰胺基gemini表面活性剂的发展前景。     

油酸酰胺基二苯醚双磺酸钠的合成及表面活性测定

以对硝基二苯醚、油酸酰氯、氯磺酸为主要原料,通过硝基还原反应、胺基酰化反应、磺化反应,合成了双子表面活性剂油酸酰胺基二苯醚双磺酸钠;并用IR,1HNMR,MS对产品及中间体结构进行了表征。测定了其水溶液表面活性和临界胶束浓度(CMC),结果表明,其CMC(2 14mmol/L)低于传统的单疏水基单亲水基型表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS),并具有较高的活性,其水溶液表面张力可降至34 0mN/m。     

磺酸盐型二聚表面活性剂的合成研究进展

磺酸盐型表面活性剂具有良好的界面活性及耐温抗盐等性能而广受国内外学者关注。本文基于磺酸基团的引入方法,重点综述了近10年来磺酸盐型二聚表面活性剂的合成,简要介绍了产物的表/界面张力、临界胶束浓度等物化性质,并指出其今后的发展方向。     

长链酰胺基磺酸盐型双子表面活性剂的合成及性能研究

以二聚酸和N-甲基牛磺酸钠为原料,经酰氯化和Schotten-Baumann缩合反应合成了一种磺酸盐型双子表面活性剂,并对其相关性能进行了表征。结果表明,通过正交试验获得的磺酸盐型双子表面活性剂C34H66(CON(CH3)CH2CH2SO3Na)2的优化合成条件为:反应温度15℃,反应时间5 h,碱质量分数40%,n(N-甲基牛磺酸钠)∶n(二聚酸酰氯)=2.3∶1。合成的C34H66(CON(CH3)CH2CH2SO3Na)2具有更高的表面活性,其γcmc和cmc分别为30.4 mN·m-1和3.55×10-4mol·L-1。泡沫性能分析表明其具有良好的起泡性和稳泡性,水溶液的泡沫高度和半衰期分别是传统表面活性剂的1.3~3.2倍和12~33倍。     

一种星型苯磺酸盐表面活性剂的合成及性能评价

以三乙醇胺为原料,通过氯化反应、烷基化反应和磺化反应合成了一种具有3条疏水碳链和3个磺酸盐亲水基团的星型表面活性剂。对其进行了临界胶束浓度(CMC)考察,结果表明:在25℃下,该表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度为4.93×10~(-5)mol/L,此时的表面张力为32.5 m N/m。同时,考察了星型表面活性剂和NaOH质量浓度对原油/水界面张力的影响。结果表明:当表面活性剂质量浓度为0.1 g/L、NaOH质量浓度为0.5 g/L、温度为50℃时,原油/水体系的界面张力由4.0×10~(-2)m N/m降至1.1×10~(-4)m N/m。自乳化实验表明:该表面活性剂质量浓度在0.1 g/L时就能将原油乳化成粒径为5~20μm的O/W乳状液。     

甲基萘双十四烷基磺酸钠双子表面活性剂的合成研究

在“Berger法”基础上,提出合成甲基萘双十四烷基磺酸钠双子表面活性剂工艺路线———“一步法”,详细研究了反应时间、温度和催化剂对合成反应的影响。将甲基萘和α-十四烯烃磺酸按摩尔比为1∶2加入反应器中,在搅拌下,迅速升至150℃并保温4 h得甲基萘双十四烷基磺酸钠,经分析产品中双子表面活性剂质量分数达82%。此外,还研究了甲基萘双十四烷基磺酸钠的表面化学性能,它的cmc与pC20值分别是2.0×10-5mol/L和5.66。     

琥珀酸油酰胺基乙醋磺酸钠的改进研究

合成了琥珀酸油酰胺基乙酯磺酸钠,并采和了乙醇胺与亚硫酸氢钠的混合物作磺化剂对产品进行改性,制得了琥珀油酰胺基乙酯磺酸钠和乙醇胺的混合盐,解决了产品的透明度问题。测定了产品的物理化学性能和增稠性能。     

N,N-双-(十二酰胺乙基)胺的合成

以十二酸和二乙烯三胺为原料,KOH作催化剂,经酰胺化反应,合成N,N-双-(十二酰胺乙基)胺,采用水洗、丙酮-甲苯混合溶剂重结晶等工序,提纯1,3-二酰胺。考察了反应温度、反应时间、投料比等因素对酰胺化反应的影响。结果表明,最佳反应条件为:n(二乙烯三胺)∶n(十二酸)=1∶2.2,反应温度170℃,反应时间8 h,催化剂用量为反应物总质量的0.5%。在该条件下,1,3二酰胺质量分数>98%。     

N,N-二羟乙基甘氨酸的合成研究

介绍了生物分子缓冲剂N,N-二羟乙基甘氨酸(Bicine)的一种合成方法,并对合成条件进行了优化。通过试验探索确定合成的优惠条件为:二乙醇胺与40%乙二醛水溶液摩尔比为1∶1,反应温度为95℃,反应时间2h。产品收率为82.48%。     

N，N-双（2-（1,3-二氧异吲哚-2-基）乙基）丙烯酰胺的合成与表征

以邻苯二甲酸酐(PA)、二乙烯三胺(DETA)为原料,经亲电加成-消除反应合成有机中间体双(2-邻苯二甲酰亚胺)胺(DETA-2PA),其再与丙烯酰氯(AC)发生酰胺化反应合成有机中间体N,N-双[2-(1,3-二氧异吲哚-2-基)乙基]丙烯酰胺(AC-DETA-2PA)。通过FTIR、1HNMR、元素分析、HRMS、HPLC对产物结构进行了确证,并用TGA、荧光光谱对产物的性能进行了测试。考察了反应温度、反应时间、n(AC)∶n(DETA-2PA)及催化剂用量4个因素对合成AC-DETA-2PA胺值的影响。通过响应面设计对AC-DETA-2PA的合成工艺进行了优化,确定其较佳合成工艺条件为:n(AC)∶n(DEETA-2PA)=1.6∶1.0,反应温度为25℃,催化剂氢化钠用量占反应物(AC和DETA-2PA)总质量的8.46%,反应时间4h。在该条件下,AC-DETA-2PA的胺值可达2.96 mg KOH/g。     

氮芥苯甲酸糖酯的合成

用碳酸钠控制pH,四丁基溴化胺为相转移催化剂,将氮芥苯甲酸与溴代乙酰糖(溴代乙酰葡萄糖、溴代乙酰半乳糖、溴代乙酰乳糖)反应,合成了3个氮芥苯甲酸糖酯,经IR、^1HNMR确定了糖酯的结构和构型。     

非卤反应性阻燃剂N,N-二(2-羟乙基)氨甲基膦酸二乙酯的微波合成及结构表征

以甲醛、二乙醇胺、亚磷酸二乙酯为原料,采用常规和微波两种方法通过Mannich反应合成目标化合物N,N-二(2-羟乙基)氨甲基膦酸二乙酯(简称BHAPE),分别考察了反应时间、微波功率、微波反应温度对其产率的影响,结果表明,反应温度50℃、反应时间20 min、微波功率600W时,微波反应产率达到98.9％;最后通过G...     

Synthesis and Properties of a Novel Linear Alkylated Diphenylmethane Sulfonate Gemini Surfactant

The linear alkylated diphenylmethane sulfonate (C₁₂‐DSDM) was synthesized by a four‐step reaction with lauric acid, diphenylmethane and chlorosulfonic acid as raw materials. The structure of the final product was characterized by MS. The air–liquid surface tensions at various temperatures and salt solutions (NaCl) were measured by using the drop‐volume technique and the thermodynamic parameters of the micellization were calculated. The results show that the critical micelle concentration (CMC) and γ_CMC of the surfactant are 1.452 mmol L^?1 and 38.49 mN m^?1 at 298 K. With an increase in temperature, the CMC gradually increases, the γ_CMC and the maximum surface adsorption capacity Γ_max decrease. The free energy of micelle formation is negative (?51.2 to ?60.5 kJ mol^?1).     

羟乙基二乙烯三胺的合成

以二乙烯三胺和环氧乙烷为原料,通过加成烷化反应一步合成标题化合物,经多种谱学手段表征确证。产物的收率61％,含量99％（HPLC）。     

Synthesis and Surface Active Properties of 1,1,1,1-Tetra-(2-oxypropyl Sulfonate-3-alkylether-propoxy)neopentanes

Tetrameric sulfonate surfactants 1,1,1,1-tetra-(2-oxypropyl sulfonate-3-alkylether-propoxy)neopentanes were prepared with raw materials containing epichlorohydrin, pentaerythritol, long-chain alcohols, 1,3-propane sultone and sodium hydroxide by esterification, a ring opening reaction, and a sulfonation reaction. The chemical structures of the prepared compounds were confirmed by FTIR, ¹H-NMR and element analysis. With the increasing length of the carbon chain, the values of their CMC initially decreased. The longer the alkyl chain, the higher the melting point. The Krafft point of all these tetrameric sulfonate surfactants was below 0 °C and they had excellent water solubility. These compounds were superior in surface active properties to general sulfonate surfactants SDS. The efficiency of adsorption at the water/air interface (pC₂₀) of these surfactants was very high. Their foaming properties, their wetting ability of a felt chip, and their lime-soap dispersing ability was investigated.     

N,N-二(4-甲基苯基)-4-[2-(4-甲基苯基)乙烯基]苯胺的合成及光电导性能研究

以苯胺和对甲基溴苄为原料,经过Ullmann、甲酰化和Wittig3步反应,最终合成了N,N 二(4 甲基苯基) 4 [2 (4 甲基苯基)乙烯基]苯胺(Ⅲ),并且通过IR、1HNMR和MS进行了结构鉴定。以目标化合物为电荷传输材料,以酞菁氧钛为电荷产生材料复配制备的光电导样片性能参数为:充电电压1000V时,表面电位可达到935V,残余电位为60V,暗衰率为11 1V/s,光敏度为1 0(lx·s)-1,该数据表明目标化合物具有优良的电荷传输性能。     

Surface Activity and Performance Properties of Gemini Salts of Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate in Aqueous Solution

Gemini salts of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LABS) were prepared by neutralization of sulfonic acid with a series of low-molecular-weight diamines in aqueous solution. The equilibrium surface activity of Gemini salts of LABS was determined by measuring the surface tension as a function of surfactant concentration to determine the critical micelle concentration (CMC), surface tension at the CMC (γ_CMC), and the area per molecule at the air-water interface (Ų). Electrical conductivity was measured as a function of surfactant concentration to determine the CMC and counterion binding. Dynamic surface tension was measured using a bubble pressure tensiometer to infer the rate at which the surfactant migrates to the air-water interface. Equilibrium interfacial tension against mineral oil was measured using a spinning drop tensiometer. Dynamic interfacial tension was measured using a drop volume tensiometer. The surface tension, CMC, and interfacial tension of Gemini salts of LABS decreased compared to monovalent organic and inorganic salts. The CMC decreases with increasing molecular weight of the diamine spacer group. Dynamic surface and interfacial tension of Gemini salts of LABS are lower than monovalent salts. The foam volume of Gemini salts of LABS was determined using a high shear blender test. The foam volume of Gemini salts of LABS is lower than monovalent salts and depends on the size of the spacer group. Hard-surface cleaning was measured using artificial soil applied to white Formica tiles. Soil removal was determined by optical reflectance as a function of abrasion cycles. Gemini salts of LABS show reduced hard-surface cleaning performance compared to monovalent salts. Detergency of different types of soils on cotton and polyester/cotton fabric was determined by optical reflectance measurements. Gemini salts of LABS show improved cleaning performance compared to monovalent salts. Cleaning performance increases with increasing molecular weight of the diamine spacer group. In situ neutralization of LABS with organic diamines is a simple and efficient way to prepare anionic Gemini surfactants for industrial scale applications.