远程教育中课件制作的XML实现

给出了一种远程教育课件制作的总体结构，并结合文档实例分块介绍相应XML具体实现的关键做法，对课件的网上制作与课件资源共享具有实用价值。     

利用XML数据岛实现网络课件中的习题操练

本文给出了利用XML数据岛技术实现网络课件中的交互练习的具体编程实现，从而满足课件独立于Web服务器平台使用的要求。     

XML技术在制作即指即现网络课件的应用探索

通过实例制作，提出一种基于XML存储半结构化方法，解决FLASH在制作医学形态教学课件中大量局部图形和文字处理的问题：提高了教学课件的内涵质量；增强了教学效果。XML技术和FALSH技术的结合，在网络教学课件及相关领域中具有很好的推广价值。     

基于XML的计算机网络课件系统的开发

网络教育是利用计算机和网络技术，协助时空分离的教师和学生共同完成教学活动的一种新型教育形式，是e—Learning发展的趋势。基于XML的计算机网络课件系统的开发，采用XML根据IMS＼CELTS规范描述课件素材资源，实现教育信息数据结构的标准化．从而实现了课件素材资源的规范化，为课件素材资源的交换、存储、检索提供了保障。     

基于XSL转换超媒体课件文档的研究与实现

基于XSL的转换技术提供了强大的机制和功能,可以实现多种文件变换。它具有部分高级编程语言的特征,因而利用XSL可以方便灵活地转换异构的超媒体XML文档。文中介绍了一个利用XML技术的超媒体课件系统,该系统使用XML保存课件内容,利用XSL来重新组织课件和指示课件对外表示的模式或风格,根据超媒体课件在不同场合不同情况下根据要求展现不同的外在风格和形式。通过应用XML及其XSL的超媒体文档格式转换,描述了基于XSL对超媒体课件文档的转换应用,并实现了基于XML的超媒体课件系统。     

基于XML的在线多媒体课件设计与实现

简要分析了现有的课件存在的问题,提出了一种可扩展的基于XML的在线多媒体课件层次信息模型,利用XML语言定义了课件标记语言对该模型进行XML绑定,通过ASP代码成功把XML引入了课件标记文档中,并利用XSL的解析器来解析转换,实现了能在浏览器中表现的在线多媒体课件库系统.通过现有的技术可实现基于XML的在线多媒体交互教学是行之有效的,而且符合CELTS内容包装规范.从而有效地解决了多媒体课件网络化过程中出现的一些问题.     

基于XSL转换超媒体课件文档的研究与实现

基于XSL的转换技术提供了强大的机制和功能,可以实现多种文件变换.它具有部分高级编程语言的特征,因而利用XSL可以方便灵活地转换异构的超媒体XML文档.文中介绍了一个利用XML技术的超媒体课件系统,该系统使用XML保存课件内容,利用XSL来重新组织课件和指示课件对外表示的模式或风格,根据超媒体课件在不同场合不同情况下根据要求展现不同的外在风格和形式.通过应用XML及其XSL的超媒体文档格式转换,描述了基于XSL对超媒体课件文档的转换应用,并实现了基于XML的超媒体课件系统.     

基于XML的个性化Web课件制作工具

首先介绍了一个能够充分体现教师教学风格的基于XML的个性化Web课件制作工具模型,它把网络、XML、多媒休相结合,充分发挥了网络的交互性、XML的组织数据的灵活性,Web浏览器所具有的多媒体特性,然后介绍了基于XML的Web多媒体课件的制作工具研究与实现,使教师制作基于XML的个性化Web课件的工作变得更加方便与容易。     

用XSLT技术实现基于XML多媒体课件系统

主要介绍利用XSLT提供的强大的转换机制和功能实现异构的XML文档变换，这里提出利用XSLT技术实现基于XML课件文档的转换应用，并采用XML XSLT Servlets的方法设计在线远程多媒体课件系统，达到开放性的课件文档的描述和管理方式使之统一格式并具有可扩展效果。     

网络课件从数据库至XML形式的转换研究

利用XML技术将基于数据库的网络课件转化为XML形式,并采用XML数据岛技术实现数据的显示处理。转化后的课件可在基于Web网络环境下使用,同时也可以作为光盘课件直接访问使用。     

A method of defuzzification based on the approach of areas' ratio

The new method of defuzzification of output parameters from the base of fuzzy rules for a Mamdani fuzzy controller is given in the paper. The peculiarity of the method is the usage of the universal equation for the area computation of the geometric shapes. During the realization of fuzzy inference linguistic terms, the structure changes from the triangular into a trapezoidal shape. That is why the universal equation is used. The method is limited and can be used only for the triangular and trapezoidal membership functions. Gaussian functions can also be used while modifying the proposed method. Traditional defuzzification models such as Middle of Maxima − MoM, First of Maxima − FoM, Last of Maxima − LoM, First of Suppport − FoS, Last of Support − LoS, Middle of Support − MoS, Center of Sums − CoS, Model of Height − MoH have a number of systematic errors: curse of dimensionality, partition of unity condition and absence of additivity. The above-mentioned methods can be seen as Center of Gravity − CoG, which has the same errors. These errors lead to the fact that accuracy of fuzzy systems decreases, because during the training root mean square error increases. One of the reasons that provokes the errors is that some of the activated fuzzy rules are excluded from the fuzzy inference. It is also possible to increase the accuracy of the fuzzy system through properties of continuity. The proposed method guarantees fulfilling of the property of continuity, as the intersection point of the adjustment linguistic terms equals 0.5 when a parametrized membership function is used. The causes of errors and a way to delete them are reviewed in the paper. The proposed method excludes errors which are inherent to the traditional and non- traditional models of defuzzification. Comparative analysis of the proposed method of defuzzification with traditional and non-traditional models shows its effectiveness.     

An approach to the synthesis of fuzzy stabilization systems with a priori unknown model of an object

A method of synthesis of fuzzy stabilization systems for a broad class of dynamic objects under the assumption that the mathematical model of the object is not known a priori is proposed. The control is formulated in the form of a proportional law of adjustment as a function of a macro-variable; the square of the Euclidean norm of the phase variables is adopted as the macro-variable. An analogous variable characterizes the distance of the object from the equilibrium position. Despite the simplicity of the control law, its sign remains constant due to the fact that the macro-variable is positive-definite over the entire phase space. The switching times of the signals are determined by fuzzy identification of the system’s dynamic modes on the basis of measurement of the derivatives of the macro-variable.     

Remote sensing of spring phenology in boreal regions: A free of snow-effect method using NOAA-AVHRR and SPOT-VGT data (1982-2004)

Measurements of spring phenological dates in boreal regions using NDVI can be affected by snowmelt. This impacts the analysis of interannual variations in phenology and the estimates of annual carbon fluxes. For these two objectives, snowmelt effect must be removed from the phenological detection. We propose a methodology for determining the date of onset of greening in the 1982-2004 period using SPOT-VEGETATION (VGT) and NOAA Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data. From 1998 onwards, the date of onset of greening is taken as the date at which the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), calculated from SPOT-VGT near and short-wave infrared bands, starts increasing. This index decreases with snowmelt but increases with vegetation greening. For the 1982-2001 period, the date of onset of greening is the date at which AVHRR-NDVI equals a pixel specific threshold (PST), determined using the results of the NDWI method in the years common to the two datasets. The methods are validated using in situ measurements of the dates of leaf appearance. RMSE of 6.7 and 7.8 days, respectively, is found using NDWI-VGT and PST-NOAA methodologies, and the difference between the two methodologies in the common years is small. Very importantly, the dates are not biased. The interannual variations of the 23-year spring phenology dataset on the study area in northern Eurasia are analysed. In average over the study area, an advance of 8 days and a delay of 3.6 days are, respectively, found over the periods 1982-1991 and 1993-2004. These results confirm and complete previous studies about the greening trend, remove the uncertainty due to snow, and may improve carbon budget calculations.     

3 Laser transmission joining in microtechnology

The laser is a joining tool which is particularly suitable for the application in microtechnology. The process variant laser transmission joining can be used both for welding thermoplastics and bonding of silicon and glass. The investigations presented in this paper cover detailed examinations of both processes. Concerning laser transmission welding of plastics it is examined how far the content of carbon black in the material influences the formation of the weld seam. It is shown that the optical depth of penetration, the weld seam width as well as the formation of the weld morphology differ with varying content of carbon black. Selective laser radiation bonding (SLB) is a novel method for joining silicon and glass based on the transmission heating of the interface of both joining partners and the thermo-chemical principles of silicon direct bonding. SLB shows advantages in reference to the thermal load of sensitive components like sensors and to the selectivity of the joining geometry. In this study the principle method of SLB and the latest advances like the integration of the thermal process control in the laser processing head will be presented. Also experimental test results of the process with constant laser power and thermal process control and the comparison of them will be shown.An erratum to this article can be found at     

Complement of Source Equation of Elastic Line

A new notion of joint, defined in terms of the state of motor (active or locked) and type of the elastic or rigid element, gear and/or link that follows after the motor, is introduced. Special attention is paid to the motion of the flexible links in the robotic configuration. The paper deals with the relationship between the equation of elastic line equilibrium, the “Euler–Bernoulli approach” (EBA), and equation of motion at the point of elastic line tip, the “Lumped-mass approach” (LMA). The Euler–Bernoulli equations (which have for a long time been used in the literature) should be expanded according to the requirements of the motion complexity of elastic robotic systems. The Euler–Bernoulli equation (based on the known laws of dynamics) should be supplemented with all the forces that are participating in the formation of the elasticity moment of the considered mode. This yields the difference in the structure of Euler–Bernoulli equations for each mode. The stiffness matrix is a full matrix. Mathematical model of the actuators also comprises coupling between elasticity forces. Particular integral of Daniel Bernoulli should be supplemented with the stationary character of elastic deformation of any point of the considered mode, caused by the present forces. General form of the elastic line is a direct outcome of the system motion dynamics, and cannot be described by one scalar equation but by three equations for position and three equations for orientation of every point on that elastic line. The choice of reference trajectory is analyzed. Simulation results are shown for a selected robotic example involving the simultaneous presence of elasticity of the gear and of the link (two modes), as well as the environment force dynamics.     

基于Android 平台的工程图学助教助学系统研究与实现

针对空间想象能力培养的教学需要,对基于Android 平台的工程图学助教助学系统 进行了研究。根据教与学的需要,确定了系统功能,设计了软件的框架结构。分析研究了移动设 备的系统平台,选择了系统的开发及运行平台。通过分析Android 框架中OpenGL ES 的设计接口, 实现了模型的轴测显示模式。通过分析OpenGL ES 中glDrawElements 方法的数据需求和VRML97 的数据格式,设计了虚拟模型加载器,实现了Android 系统中的VRML 模型3D 浏览器。开发了 软件的核心功能模块,设计实现了基于Android 平台的工程图学助教助学系统。该系统因其创新 性和实用性,在2014 年第十四届全国多媒体课件大赛中荣获一等奖。     

协作机器人的构型分析研究

针对协作机器人的构型分析研究,得出了偏置是影响机器人构型的一个重要因素。首先,对现有典型协作机器人的构型进行分析,通过构型间的内在联系与演化过程得到构型之间的差异。然后利用构型之间的差异引出了偏置的定义,并通过偏置对关节运动范围的影响将其分为S型偏置和Y型偏置。最后以全局性能指标、工作空间体积指标和灵活工作空间指标为性能评价标准,对iiwa、Sawyer、Yumi三种典型构型的性能进行了仿真。通过对比分析可知,偏置的存在使构型的全局性能和工作空间体积性能降低,但对灵活工作空间性能有提高作用。结果表明偏置是影响机器人性能的重要因素,该分析研究为协作机器人的构型设计提供了理论依据。     

Stereometric pattern recognition by artificial touch

An artificial touch perception system has been created in order to study a method of processing information obtainable through tactile exploration of three-dimensional forms. The results can be useful for several purposes.The first part of the work concerns the project of the tactile explorator. For this purpose we used a kind of artificial limb like a finger with a certain number of touch sensitive transducers distributed along the surface of the finger tip. The information received by touching the object with the finger, is successively utilized as the input of the control servosystem which moves the finger point-by-point along the object surface in order to proceed with the exploration. It must be noticed that, from a philosophical point-of-view, the parallel approach with more fingers touching simultaneously the object in several points, is equal to sequential touching of these points by one moving finger.The second part describes the use of the propositional calculus in logical classification of the objects, as a method of three-dimensional pattern recognition.Elaboration of the input data obtained by tactile exploration, and computation of characteristic geometrical features of three-dimensional forms, has been performed on computer.     

Innovative uses of ICT in Chilean schools

Abstract This paper presents some of the results of the study of seven cases of innovative pedagogical practices using ICT. The study was performed in the framework of the application of SITES M2 in Chile. The results are divided in two sections. First is a summary of each case, highlighting its innovative characteristics that serve as models of 'good practice' for Chilean teachers. Second, the results of the analysis of what teachers did are outlined; the impact on students and the type of teaching and learning activities in use. Results show that these projects did not provide evidence of having impact on students' learning as defined in the national curriculum. However, they show that students participating in these projects could learn other things, had the opportunity to develop abilities defined as cross-curricular and practised ICT related skills. The analysis of the teaching and learning activities highlights some deficiencies in the way that teachers implement new teaching strategies.