粉体密相气力输送理论与技术进展

综述了密相气力输送的理论,并对目前开发的密相气力输送装置进行了介绍,分析了各种形式装置的技术指标及性能,为进一步完善密相输送理论和开发新型密相气力输送装置奠定了基础。     

粮食颗粒群密相变径气力输送的流动特性

针对稀相气力输送能耗和粉料破碎率高以及稳定性差等缺陷,在计算流体力学软件FLUENT上,选择Euler双流体模型与k-ε湍流模型对粮食颗粒在水平变径管内的密相流体输送进行数值模拟,并将仿真数据与实验结果相论证。发现湍流对两相流动过程中的稳定性有较大影响;分析管道内颗粒浓度、输送气体速度和压力损失随管道长度的变化规律,探讨密相气力输送主要参数间的影响关系,得出气流速度、压力损失会随着变径长度的增大分别下降15%、20%。     

气力输送系统中弯管耐磨性的研究

在气力输送系统在多个领域得到广泛应用的同时,系统弯管磨损问题也引起了人们的关注。基于这种情况,本文对气力输送系统中弯管的磨损机理进行了分析,然后对系统弯管耐磨性的影响因素和增强方法展开了研究,以期为关注这一话题的人们提供参考。     

2种粉体气力输送系统的对比选型

为了解决某工程项目中粉煤灰输送系统的选型问题,从设备投资和运行电耗方面对仓泵输送系统和罗茨风机输送系统进行对比分析。结果表明,对于6个单只最大量为911 kg/h的卸灰口,输送距离为200 m的输送系统而言,仓泵输送系统比罗茨风机输送系统设备初投资多33.22万元,运行电费每年节省14.2万元,超出部分投资静态回收期为2.34 a。     

扫地机吸送式稀相气力输送系统的计算

为提高扫地机的工作性能,该文对扫地机作业工况进行了分析,明确扫地机气力输送系统中输送垃圾的种类、粒径。根据悬浮理论,计算出扫地机输送气流的安全输送速度。结合工作场合的平均垃圾量以及扫地机的清扫宽度、清扫速度,确定气力输送系统的最终风量。同时根据扫地机气力输送系统的结构尺寸、输送管道大小以及气流安全输送速度,计算扫地机中气力输送系统的压力损失,为扫地机离心风机的选型提供指导。     

石灰长距离气力输送系统的试验研究

基于气力输送理论,通过石灰的长距离输送试验系统的建立,研究输送过程中耗气量、管道压力损失、物料输送前后的状态等重要输送特性。结果表明,将气力输送应用在长距离的石灰输送上是完全可行的,可解决钢铁行业的高粉尘污染问题,极大地改善工作环境。     

气力输送粉煤灰固相浓度的超声检测研究

为了得到不同气力输送条件下管道内的固相浓度,以压缩空气为输送载体,以干燥粉煤灰为输送物料进行气力输送实验,利用低频超声测试系统对气力输送不同浓度的粉煤灰进行超声衰减测试,并选取合理的衰减信号处理模型。结果表明,在气力输送初始阶段,粉煤灰浓度会随着表观气速的增大而增大,随着输送进程的继续,发送仓泵内的物料减少,使得管道内粉煤灰浓度减小。     

炭黑在气力输送系统中的破碎原因的分析

分析了炭黑在气力输送过程中的破碎机理．通过实验．介绍了气力输送系统中炭黑的种类和炭黑的物性对炭黑的破碎的影响．指出气力输送系统的输送管路长度和布置以及输送参数如输送压力和输送速度等的变化直接影响着炭黑的破碎率的大小．为更好地解决炭黑在气力输送中存在的问题,优化炭黑气力输送系统的设计提供了依据．     

炭黑在气力输送系统中的破碎原因的分析

分析了炭黑在气力输送过程中的破碎机理。通过实验,介绍了气力输送系统中炭黑的种类和炭黑的物性对炭黑的破碎的影响,指出气力输送系统的输送管路长度和布置以及输送参数如输送压力和输送速度等的变化直接影响着炭黑的破碎率的大小。为更好地解决炭黑在气力输送中存在的问题,优化炭黑气力输送系统的设计提供了依据。     

不同粒径粉体颗粒气力输送特性的比较研究

气力输送在工程技术领域已经得到了广泛的应用。粉体的粒径对气力输送特性有很大的影响。本文以粉煤灰和石灰石粉为研究对象,结合实验和工程应用,根据它们的颗粒特性分别研究了其输送特性随操作条件的变化规律,并对输送设备的选型进行了研究。     

A Possible Scaling-up Technique for Dense Phase Pneumatic Conveying

In this article experimental findings have been presented to show that the pressure drop coefficient (K) for vertical and horizontal pneumatic conveying for a given bulk material follows a certain pattern. The pressure drop coefficient for vertical pneumatic conveying for a given material has been found to be independent of any variation of particle size distribution, within experimental limits. The pressure drop prediction technique proposed by the authors previously has been validated with the test results of alumina and bentonite.     

粉体性能对浓相气力输送特性的影响

气力输送过程中物料性能是确定输送特性的重要因素,因此,粉料气力输送技术的实现要以对粉料的性能研究为基础。文中对影响气力输送的粉体基本性能及其相关参数做了较全面分析,其中粒子尺寸、粒径分布、形状是影响粉料是否可适用于浓相气力输送的关键参数,其它特性都与这3种特性相关联。介绍了几种应用广泛的粉料气力输送特性分组方法,并进行了简要评述,同时指出了今后的研究方向。     

低速高能效的浓相气力输送技术

低速浓相输送装置的出现,解决了物料在输送过程中易破碎、堵塞和磨蚀管道等难题,降低了耗气量。本文中综述了低速浓相输送的几种定义和输送过程中的相图、物料流动形态及相应的判定、影响浓相气力输送特性的因素等技术参数,并介绍了输送过程中经常遇到的堵管和磨损现象以及气力输送过程中的检测和自动控制技术,指出了今后的研究方向。     

Bend Pressure Drop Predictions Using the Euler-Euler Model in Dense Phase Pneumatic Conveying

Pneumatic conveying of powdered and granular materials is a very common transport technology across a broad range of industries, for example, chemicals, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and power generation. As the demands of these industries for greater efficiency increases and to comply with environmental regulations there is a need for a more fundamental understanding of the behavior of materials in pneumatic conveying systems. The approach presented in this article is to develop a model of a section of pneumatic conveying line, a horizontal or vertical 90° bend, in the commercial CFD software package FLUENT and to describe the multiphase flow behavior by the mixture or Eulerian method. Models of this type have been used in the past to show qualitative and quantitative agreement between model and experiment. The model results presented were compared with experimental data gathered from an industrial-scale pneumatic conveying test system. Broad qualitative agreement in trends and flow patterns were found. Quantitative comparisons were less uniform, with predictions from around 10% to 90% different from experimental results, depending on conveying conditions and bend orientation.     

Bend Pressure Drop Predictions Using the Euler-Euler Model in Dense Phase Pneumatic Conveying

Pneumatic conveying of powdered and granular materials is a very common transport technology across a broad range of industries, for example, chemicals, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and power generation. As the demands of these industries for greater efficiency increases and to comply with environmental regulations there is a need for a more fundamental understanding of the behavior of materials in pneumatic conveying systems. The approach presented in this article is to develop a model of a section of pneumatic conveying line, a horizontal or vertical 90° bend, in the commercial CFD software package FLUENT and to describe the multiphase flow behavior by the mixture or Eulerian method. Models of this type have been used in the past to show qualitative and quantitative agreement between model and experiment. The model results presented were compared with experimental data gathered from an industrial-scale pneumatic conveying test system. Broad qualitative agreement in trends and flow patterns were found. Quantitative comparisons were less uniform, with predictions from around 10% to 90% different from experimental results, depending on conveying conditions and bend orientation.     

Investigating Straight-Pipe Pneumatic Conveying Characteristics for Fluidized Dense-Phase Pneumatic Conveying

This article presents results from an investigation into the pneumatic conveying characteristics (PCC) for horizontal straight-pipe sections for fluidized dense-phase pneumatic conveying of powders. Two fine powders (median particle diameter: 30 and 55 µm; particle density: 2300 and 1600 kg m^?3; loose-poured bulk density: 700 and 620 kg m^?3) were conveyed through 69 mm I.D. × 168 m, 69 mm I.D. × 148 m, 105 mm I.D. × 168 m and 69 mm I.D. × 554 m pipelines for a wide range of air and solids flow rates. Straight-pipe pneumatic conveying characteristics obtained from two sets of pressure tappings installed at two different locations in each pipeline have shown that the trends and relatively magnitudes of the pressure drops can be significantly different depending on product, pipeline diameter and length and location of tapping point in the pipeline (indicating a possible change in transport mechanism along the flow direction). The corresponding models for solids friction factor were also found to be different. There was no distinct pressure minimum curve (PMC) in any of the straight-pipe PCC, indicating a gradual change in flow transition (change in flow mechanism from dense to dilute phase). For total pipeline conveying characteristics, the shapes of the PCC curves and the location of the PMC were found to be significantly influenced by pipeline layout (e.g., location and number of bends) and not entirely by the dense-to-dilute-phase transition of flow mechanism. Seven existing models and a new empirically developed model for PMC for straight pipes have been evaluated against experimental data.     

Voidage Measurement for a Moving Plug in Dense Phase Pneumatic Conveying Using Two Different Methods

Two simple ways to measure voidage in a moving plug in dense phase pneumatic conveying have been explored, along with voidage behavior and other parameters. The first method (bulk solid method) determines the average voidage for a single plug, by measuring the length and the weight of the plug, while the second method (Ergun's method) determines the voidage along the plug length from plug head to tail by using the Ergun equation. The experiments were performed under different experimental conditions of plug lengths, gas velocities, and materials. The results from both methods showed varying degrees of agreement, depending on the material transported. The measurements also found that the voidage varied only slightly with the plug velocity. However, it did vary more within the plug (e.g., plug head, middle of plug, and plug tail).     

密相气力输灰管道的设计与应用

对气力输灰工程中密相输灰管道的设计和计算确定管内压力和速度的公式进行整理 ,同时可以得到较合理的管径和不同管径的长度。运行参数当已知时 ,给出的计算公式可作为设计的依据     

Particle Trajectories in Dilute Phase Pneumatic Conveying

A nonintrusive cross-correlation method to measure the particle velocities in dilute phase pneumatic conveying is described. The cross-correlation function generated gives information about the time it takes for a particle to travel between two optimally placed measurement planes. Experiments and CFD simulations are used to estimate an optimal inter-plane distance for various flow conditions.     

Modeling Dense-Phase Pneumatic Conveying of Powders Using Suspension Density

This article presents results of an investigation into the modeling of pressure drop in horizontal straight pipe section for fluidized dense-phase pneumatic conveying of powders. Suspension density and superficial air velocity have been used to model pressure drop for two-phase solids-gas flow. Two applicable models formats (developed by other researchers using two different definitions of suspension density) were used to represent the pressure drop due to solids-gas flow through straight pipe sections. Models were generated based on the test data of conveying power-station fly ash and electrostatic precipitator (ESP) dust (median particle diameter: 30 and 7 µm; particle density: 2300 and 3637 kg m^?3; loose-poured bulk density: 700 and 610 kg m^?3, respectively) through a relatively short length of a smaller diameter pipeline. The developed models were evaluated for their scale-up accuracy and stability by using them to predict the total pipeline pressure drop (with appropriate bend model) for 69 mm I.D. × 168 m; 105 mm I.D. × 168 m and 69 mm I.D. × 554 m pipes and comparing the predicted versus with experimental data. Results show that both the models with suspension density and air velocity generally provide relatively better prediction compared to the conventional use of solids loading ratio and Froude number. For fly ash, the two formats result in considerable different predictions, whereas they provide relatively similar results for ESP dust.