A maximum noise fraction transform with improved noise estimation for hyperspectral images

Feature extraction is often performed to reduce spectral dimension of hyperspectral images before image classification. The maximum noise fraction(MNF) transform is one of the most commonly used spectral feature extraction methods. The spectral features in several bands of hyperspectral images are submerged by the noise. The MNF transform is advantageous over the principle component(PC) transform because it takes the noise information in the spatial domain into consideration. However,the experiments describ...     

基于双树复小波变换的相位保持SAR图像降噪

为更有效地抑制噪声,提出了一种基于非正交复值log-Gabor小波变换的SAR图像斑点噪声消除算法。该算法通过相位保持消噪的门限操作确保相位信息不受破坏。由于用单一的乘性模型或加性模型消除SAR图像的斑点噪声都不能取得很好的效果,为此使用具有平移不变性及更多方向选择性的双树复小波变换图像融合算法,通过选择适当的融合规则,使乘性和加性噪声模型优势互补,就能有效抑制斑点噪声。实验结果显示,这种消噪方法与其他方法相比,有明显优势。     

基于最小噪声分离变换的高光谱异常检测方法研究

RX算法和核RX算法能很好地分离目标和背景,是较为广泛使用的异常检测算法,但是高光谱图像数据量大且存在冗余信息和噪声,直接进行RX及核RX异常探测运算量大且容易受噪声影响.针对此问题,提出一种基于最小噪声分离变换的高光谱图像异常检测方法,首先采用残差分析法估计噪声协方差矩阵以改进最小噪声分离变换,然后利用改进后的最小噪声分离变换来有效地降低高光谱图像数据的维数并分离出噪声,最后对低维降噪后的数据进行RX及核RX异常检测,避免了随机噪声对RX及核RX异常检测结果的影响并提高了异常检测率.对真实的AVIRIS数据测试表明,该算法优于传统的相应的RX、核RX异常检测算法.     

基于小波变换的图像条带噪声去除方法

条带噪声的存在不但妨碍高光谱图像的目视判读,而且制约高光谱遥感的定量应用。针对小波变换法条带噪声去除过程中遇到的条带噪声和图像有用信息难以有效分离的问题,根据小波变换的方向性和数学显微镜特性,提出了一种新的基于小波变换的条带噪声去除方法。这种方法首先对含有条带噪声的图像进行一定层数的小波分解;然后对每一层分解得到的与条带噪声分布方向相同的子图像再进行一定层数的小波分解,从而实现条带噪声和图像有用信息的有效分离,将含有条带噪声的子图像置零;最后利用小波反变换得到去除条带噪声的图像。以欧洲空间局PROBA卫星上搭载的CHRIS高光谱数据为例,采用相关系数(R)、结构相似度(SSIM)和峰值信噪比(PSNR)3个定量指标,对比分析了新方法与矩匹配法、傅立叶滤波法和小波阈值法的条带噪声去除效果。结果表明新方法去噪后的图像具有最高的R、SSIM和PSNR,新方法能够有效地去除高光谱图像中的条带噪声,同时较好地保留了原始图像的有用信息。
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高光谱图像条带噪声去除算法研究

高光谱图像中往往存在严重的条带噪声,与常见噪声具有很大不同,现有的去噪方法对其不能完全适用。利用平滑滤波思想结合传统的矩匹配方法,对传统的矩匹配条带去除方法进行改进,对HJ-1-A卫星高光谱图像进行实验、研究,利用多种图像质量评价标准,将算法去条带后图像与传统的和已有的改进算法去条带后图像进行对比、评价,找出去条带效果好、原始图像信息保留能力强、适应性强的改进的矩匹配方法来应用于高光谱图像条带噪声的去除。     

基于小波变换的高光谱图像消噪

本文主要针对高光谱图像的特点，利用波段间的几何信息高冗余性，通过小波分解去除高频的噪声和几何信息，保留低频的光谱信息。以其他波段的几何信息辅助噪声污染波段重构，经过相应的小波重构滤波器滤波，获得该波段图像的重建以进行消噪。     

基于核最小噪声分离变换的高光谱遥感影像特征提取研究

高光谱遥感影像具有高维非线性的特点,线性特征提取方法容易造成信息丢失和失真。在最小噪声分离变换(MNF)线性特征提取算法的基础上,引入核方法,提出核最小噪声分离变换(KMNF)高光谱遥感影像非线性特征提取方法。KMNF通过核函数,将样本映射到高维特征空间,在特征空间中运算线性MNF,实现原始空间中的非线性KMNF算法。进行基于KMNF的高光谱影像特征提取实验,分析样本个数对KMNF特征提取的效果,发现样本数量对KMNF特征提取的结果影响很小,较少的样本数即可达到较多样本时特征提取的效果。对比KMNF与MNF特征提取的效果,分析它们降维的效率与保留的信息量,发现KMNF总体降维效率与MNF相当,且体现出高光谱图像的非线性特征;在KMNF和MNF特征提取的基础上,利用SVM进行高光谱图像分类,KMNF+SVM的分类精度优于MNF+SVM。     

基于小波变换的图像增强新算法

传统的小波增强算法应用于光照不足或不均匀的图像时处理效果一般,针对该问题提出了基于小波变换的图像增强新算法。首先,对图像进行多级小波分解,得到尺度系数和多个层次的小波系数;然后,对不同层次的小波系数采用不同的增强算法进行处理,同时,对图像的尺度系数采用多尺度方法进行处理;最后,利用得到的小波系数和尺度系数进行小波逆变换。实验表明,该方法无论是增强效果还是抗噪性能都明显优于传统的图像增强算法,同时对光照不足或不均匀的图像具有较好的处理效果。     

Image denoising algorithm via best wavelet packet base using Wiener cost function

A new cost function, namely, the Wiener cost function, is introduced to find the best wavelet packet (WP) base in image denoising. Unlike the existing entropy-type cost functions in image compression, the Wiener cost function depends on both sparseness of image representation and noise level. Combining the Wiener cost function and the doubly local Wiener filtering scheme, a new image denoising algorithm is proposed using the best wavelet packet bases. Owing to unknown true image in denoising, a pilot image with less noise is required to find the best wavelet packet base, which is obtained by the existing denoising algorithms. From the pilot image, the best 2D wavelet packet tree is searched in terms of the Wiener cost function and the energy distributions of the image in the best wavelet packet domain are also estimated. Further, the image is recovered by applying the local Wiener filtering to the best wavelet packet coefficients of the noisy image. The experimental results show that for images of structural textures, for example 'Barbara' and texture images, the proposed algorithm greatly improves denoising performance as compared with the existing state-of-the-art algorithms.     

非抽样Contourlet变换去噪滤波器设计的源相机识别

针对源相机识别和小波滤波器在获取残留噪声图像时会引入明显的场景噪声的问题,提出一种利用非抽样Contourlet变换(NSCT)进行模式噪声提取的新方案。首先根据源相机识别的过程,讨论小波滤波器在提取模式噪声上的不足,接着重点讨论设计基于NSCT滤波器进行模式噪声的提取。实验表明NSCT滤波器不仅使场景噪声得到明显的抑制,而且与小波滤波器相比,对来自三种不同相机的照片的平均识别率提高了近3.667%。     

Image quality based comparative evaluation of wavelet filters in ultrasound speckle reduction

This paper presents the comparative study of various wavelet filter based denoising methods according to different thresholding values applied to ultrasound images. An original image is transformed into a multi scale wavelet domain and the wavelet coefficients are processed by a soft thresholding method. The denoised image is the output image obtained from the inverse wavelet transform of the threshold coefficients using Donoho's method. It has been observed that such denoising methods are effective in the sense that they preserve the edge details besides suppressing the noise. The comparative evaluation of the denoising performance is shown using statistical significance tests for different wavelet filters. Image quality parameters such as peak signal-to-noise ratio, normalized mean square error, and correlation coefficient have been used to evaluate the performance of wavelet filters. The performance has also been compared with the adaptive weighted median filtering method.     

Denoising of multicomponent images using wavelet least-squares estimators

In this paper, we study denoising of multicomponent images. The presented procedures are spatial wavelet-based denoising techniques, based on Bayesian least-squares optimization procedures, using prior models for the wavelet coefficients that account for the correlations between the spectral bands. We analyze three mixture priors: Gaussian scale mixture models, Bernoulli-Gaussian mixture models and Laplacian mixture models. These three prior models are studied within the same framework of least-squares optimization. The presented procedures are compared to Gaussian prior model and single-band denoising procedures. We analyze the suppression of non-correlated as well as correlated white Gaussian noise on multispectral and hyperspectral remote sensing data and Rician distributed noise on multiple images of within-modality magnetic resonance data. It is shown that a superior denoising performance is obtained when (a) the interband covariances are fully accounted for and (b) prior models are used that better approximate the marginal distributions of the wavelet coefficients.     

基于信噪比估计的波段选择与高光谱异常检测

有效的波段选择方法可以极大地提高高光谱图像处理速度的同时改善处理效果。为了自动判断低信噪比波段,提出了一种基于小波变换的图像信噪比估计(SNR estimation,SNRE)方法,利用小波变换后对角方向上的高频成分估计噪声方差并计算信噪比。将该方法分别结合基于方差和相关系数(V_COR)的最优索引指数、最大信息量(MI)、高阶矩(偏度或峰度)结合信息散度(K3_KL)等3种基于信息量的波段选择方法后选择波段。将这些改进后的波段选择方法应用于高光谱异常检测。实验结果表明SNRE预选波段结合MI和K3_KL选择波段用于异常检测能进一步提高检测精度。     

Speckle suppression using recursive wavelet transforms

An effective algorithm for digital image noise smoothing using wavelet transform techniques is presented in this paper. This algorithm is more powerful when compared to other existing filtering algorithms in terms of speckle suppression for synthetic aperture radar images where the presence of speckle makes the ratio of standard deviation to mean (STM) very high. Examples show that the original STM of about 0.30 (equivalent to three-look images) can be reduced to 0.05-0.03 (equivalent to more than 100-look images), with a possible small sacrifice of losing some details and narrow edges. The quantitative analysis is carried out and compared with the results of some existing filtering algorithms including median, K nearest neighbour averaging, Lee's multiplicative and Crimmins' geometric filters, showing that imagery filtered by the wavelet transform is the smoothest.     

基于静态小波分解的多尺度机加工表面图像滤波

由于在机械加工过程中机械振动和噪声回波的相干性，机加工表面图像上会存在白噪声，为了削弱这些噪声的影响。提出了一种基于静态小波分解的自适应阈值滤波方法，该方法首先将机加工图像分解至静态小波域，然后在静态小波域中将噪声的小波系数收缩至零，将此基于Mallat的静态分解滤波算法应用于机加工图像白噪声滤波，并与另外三种典型图像滤波算法进行比较，结果表明，该方法不仅可以有效的去除噪声，而且还可以保持图像的精密纹理结构。     

二元树复小波变换及其在图象方向滤波中的应用

复小波变换虽然具有良好的方向选择性和平移不变性 ,但不具备完全重构性条件 ,而二元树复小波变换(DTCWT)正好解决了这一难题 .在分析二元树复小波分解后的 12个高频子带方向性的基础上 ,利用其良好的方向选择性提出了一种对线形纹理图象进行增强滤波的方法 .该方法借助于小波变换域的方向解析性 ,在各子带中保留图象中各局部主方向的信息而滤除其他方向的噪声 .利用该方法进行滤波还可以避免对信号和噪声频率特性和统计特性进行估计 ,从而大大减小了滤波的复杂程度 .以指纹图象为例的实验结果表明 ,该方法效果较好 ,便于实现 ,尤其适用于噪声特性复杂的纹理图象的滤波 .     

基于噪声模型和特征联合的PS图像与隐写图像检测

为了有效区分PS图像(经过常见图像处理操作得到的图像)和隐写图像,提高隐写检测的正确率,该文分析了隐写和PS这两类操作不同的噪声模型,并给出了一类基于图像噪声模型和特征联合的检测算法.该算法基于小波分解和小波滤波,分别得到待检测图像的小波系数子带和噪声小波系数子带,从这两类子带中分别提取直方图特征函数绝对矩,并将这两部分统计矩联合作为特征,最后采用BP神经网络分类器进行图像分类.在特征选取方面,文中对两类常用典型特征:概率密度函数矩和特征函数矩,基于高斯分布模型证明了对噪声小波子带系数,提取特征函数绝对矩优于概率密度函数绝对矩.基于LSB、LTSB、SLSB、PMK等隐写图像和锐化、对比度增强、添加标签等类型PS图像的实验表明:该算法能够有效区分原始图像和非原始图像,并能对PS图像和隐写图像进行较为可靠的分类检测.     

一种改进的SAR图像LEE滤波算法

针对SAR图像相干斑滤波中存在的降低相干斑与有效保持细节信息这一矛盾,研究了常用空域滤波算法,在此基础上,将中值滤波与增强LEE滤波相结合,改进了LEE滤波算法,该方法能够在滤除相干斑的同时很好地保持图像的边缘及细节纹理信息。     

自适应的图像组合降噪

BayesShrink是小波收缩降噪最好的算法之一,而WienerChop方法则是利用小波域维纳滤波改进了VisuShrink算法。为了更好地滤除噪声,研究了WienerChop组合BayesShrink进行降噪的方法。实验表明,该组合算法优于WienerChop和BayesShrink算法,其可产生更低的均方误差和更高的信噪比。它不仅综合了WienerChop和BayesShrink两种算法的优点,而且改善了WienerChop算法的过光滑和BayesShrink算法残留较多噪声的问题,同时可获得视觉上更为愉悦的降噪图像。     

Assessing the efficiency of multispectral satellite and airborne hyperspectral images for land cover mapping in an aquatic environment with emphasis on the water caltrop (Trapa natans)

A number of clear issues are pertinent when considering whether, or not, to use a remotely sensed dataset. We evaluate these issues here by comparing an aerial hyperspectral image at 1.5 m geometric resolution that comprises 128 narrow bands within a spectral range between 400 nm and 1,000 nm as well as a nine-band Landsat 8 image at 30.0 m geometric resolution. We therefore applied Random Forest (RF) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers utilizing different input data sets to determine the best thematic accuracy for both types of images by involving all possible bands and then minimized them using variable selection and dimension reduction via Minimum Noise Fraction (MNF). We then compared Landsat images to an aerial hyperspectral one. The results of this analysis revealed that band selections based on variable importance and MNF-transformation improved thematic accuracy assessed as Overall Accuracy (OA). Results reveal a 1.00% improvement in OA via variable selection as 59 bands instead of 128 bands and a 1.50% via MNF-transformation of the hyperspectral image. This improvement was 4.52% in the Landsat image when using a MNF-transformation compared to the best performances without transformation or variable selection. Data also showed that application of Landsat spectral range on hyperspectral bands resulted in different outcomes; specifically, SVM resulted in a 91.50% OA while RF resulted in 95.50% OA. Landscape ecology results show that use of the Landsat image provided fewer land cover patches and that differences encompassed 6.30% of the whole area. We therefore conclude that Landsat data can be used with a number of limitations for accurate ecological mapping.