A 2-D wavelet decomposition-based bag-of-visual-words model for land-use scene classification

Previous works about spatial information incorporation into a traditional bag-of-visual-words (BOVW) model mainly consider the spatial arrangement of an image, ignoring the rich textural information in land-use remote-sensing images. Hence, this article presents a 2-D wavelet decomposition (WD)-based BOVW model for land-use scene classification, since the 2-D wavelet decomposition method does well not only in textural feature extraction, but also in the multi-resolution representation of an image, which is favourable for the use of both spatial arrangement and textural information in land-use images. The proposed method exploits the textural structures of an image with colour information transformed into greyscale. Moreover, it works first by decomposing the greyscale image into different sub-images using 2-D discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and then by extracting local features of the greyscale image and all the decomposed images with dense regions in which a given image is evenly sampled by a regular grid with a specified grid space. After that, the method generates the corresponding visual vocabularies and computes histograms of visual word occurrences of local features found in each former image. Specifically, the soft-assignment or multi-assignment (MA) technique is employed, accounting for the impact of clustering on visual vocabulary creation that two similar image patches may be clustered into different clusters when increasing the size of visual vocabulary. The proposed method is evaluated on a ground truth image dataset of 21 land-use classes manually extracted from high-resolution remote-sensing images. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method significantly outperforms previous methods, such as the traditional BOVW model, the spatial pyramid representation-based BOVW method, the multi-resolution representation-based BOVW method, and so on, and even exceeds the best result obtained from the creator of the land-use dataset. Therefore, the proposed approach is very suitable for land-use scene classification tasks.     

利用星载SAR图像检测海洋锋的方法

海洋锋区剪切流、辐聚流与海洋表面波之间存在相互作用,将这种相互作用处理为对海浪谱的扰动,来分析其对海浪谱密度和谱梯度的影响;根据两尺度模型,分析了海面小尺度波(厘米级)和大尺度波(海浪)与雷达后向散射系数的关系,从而说明了海洋锋的SAR成像原理。在海面SAR图像中,海洋锋的尺度比海浪的尺度大2~3个数量级,可以通过二维空间谱分析,将海浪信息的主要部分滤除,再利用数字图像处理技术提取海洋锋的特征信息,由此形成了一套用海面SAR图像提取海洋锋特征参数的信息处理方法。     

基于归一化方差的多分辨率图像融合方法

针对遥感多光谱图像空间分辨率较低的问题,论文提出了一种基于归一化方差的多分辨率图像融合方法。该方法首先对图像进行二维小波变换,然后根据高频小波系数的均值和方差来定义图像局部灰度相关矩,从而得到包含更多信息和有效特征的融合图像。试验结果证明融合图像在保留地物光谱信息和提高空间细节表现能力上都具有很好的效果。     

基于加权相关矩的多传感器图像融合方法

针对遥感多光谱图像和全色图像的融合问题,提出了一种基于局部区域特征的多分辨率图像融合方法。该方法首先对图像进行二维小波变换,然后根据高频小波系数的一阶、二阶统计特征来计算加权相关矩,从而得到包含更多信息和有效特征的融合图像。试验结果证明融合图像在保留地物光谱信息和提高空间细节表现能力上都具有很好的效果。     

Construction of wavelet decompositions for tomographic images

In tomography an image is reconstructed from its projections from different directions. In this paper we study the reconstruction of a tomographic image from the wavelet transform of its projections with a 1-D analyzing wavelet. We then show that it allows us to reconstruct a 2-D wavelet decomposition of the image. The properties of the generated 2-D analyzing wavelet are studied. When the 1-D analyzing wavelet is even, the 2-D analyzing wavelet is isotropic. The extension of this idea to directional wavelets is also presented. The wavelet transform obtained in this case is defined with respect to a scale parameter and a rotation angle. For illustration, results on simulated and x-ray computerized tomography medical images are presented.     

Objective image quality measurement by local spatial‐frequency wavelet analysis

An essential determinant of the value of surrogate digital images is their quality. Image quality measurement has become crucial for most image processing applications. Over the past years, there have been many attempts to develop models or metrics for image quality that incorporate elements of human visual sensitivity. However, there is no current standard and objective definition of spectral image quality. This paper proposes a reliable automatic method for objective image quality measurement by local spatial‐frequency wavelet analysis. The analysis is performed locally by dividing an image into 64×64 pixel blocks, and transforming the data into wavelet domain and sub‐band image domain. A fast lifting wavelet algorithm is developed for computationally efficient spatial‐frequency deconstruction of images to extract the features of edges in sub‐band datasets. Wavelet analysis throughout the spatial‐frequency range with respect to noise, sharpness, brightness, contrast, and modulation transfer function (MTF) reveals more detailed information to relate the quality of an image to the interpretation by using an artificial neural network to optimize weightings and results in a promising quantitative measure of image quality. Experimental results from using this method for image quality measurement exhibit good correlation to subjective visual quality assessments. The proposed approach with fast computation provides a potential metric for reliable image quality quantification, allowing image quality to be automatically evaluated following image capture/compression, but prior to permanent storage in a database.     

基于归一化相关矩的多分辨率遥感图象融合

多传感器数据融合技术已广泛应用于遥感图象处理方面 .针对遥感多光谱图象空间分辨率较低的问题 ,提出了一种基于归一化相关矩的多分辨率图象融合方法 .该方法首先对图象进行二维小波变换 ,然后根据所得到的高频小波系数的一阶、二阶统计特征来定义图象局部灰度相关矩 ,并以此作为图象融合测度来对遥感图象进行多分辨率特征融合 ,从而得到包含更多信息和有效特征的融合图象 .仿真结果表明 ,融合后的图象在保留多光谱信息和提高空间分辨率上均能获得较好的效果 ,因而可以更好地用于目标识别、分类等遥感图象处理方面     

基于ARSIS概念的遥感影像小波包融合

研究了基于ARSIS概念的遥感影像的小波包融合方法。利用小波包分解高分辨率影像和多光谱影像,在融合影像的低频小波包系数重构时采用波段间交互构建模式,即包含了多光谱影像低频小波包系数,也包含了高分辨率影像低频小波包系数。融合影像的高频小波包系数以局部方差为规则进行择优选取。融合实验结果证明,新方法在对原多光谱影像信息的保持上优于IHS方法,同时在保持高分辨率影像的细节信息上有所改善。     

紧支撑二维小波多尺度融合图像效果评价

针对图像融合的效果评价标准以及小波函数选择等热点研究问题,丈中采用了紧支撑二维小波db3对图像进行了多尺度分解及重构的融合研究,并且通过亮度参数、细节参数和光谱信息参数等对融合尺度不同的图像进行了客观质量评价。实验证明,经过该方法融合后的图像能把源图像各自具有的信息融合在一起,亮度适中、信息熵增加、清晰度提高。理论分析结果、融合图像的视觉效果与所采用的客观质量评价标准的数值分析结果是相一致的,表明了该方法客观而有效。     

基于方向可调的不可分离小波框架变换图像融合检测方法

针对复杂的中长波红外图像的特点,论文提出了一种基于方向可调的不可分离小波框架变换红外图像融合检测方法。首先,对图像进行不可分离小波变换分解,提取两幅图像的低频和高频,分别对高频和低频信息进行融合,并用逆变换重构成融合后的图像。对融合后的图像进行目标检测得出最终结果。实验结果表明文中提出的方法优于仅用长波或中波红外图像的目标检测。     

基于SVM算法和纹理特征提取的遥感图像分类

遥感图像分类是遥感图像处理领域中的一个重要的研究方向,传统的遥感图像分类方法根据像素值进行分类,忽视了遥感影像中丰富的纹理特征信息.小波分析通过引入宽度可变的窗口,可以同时对信号的局部信息进行频率域和时间域的变换.小波分析算法可以有效地提取出图像中的纹理特征信息.支持向量机算法是20世纪90年代提出的一种新的机器学习算法,通常被用来进行模式识别和分类.结合小波纹理提取算法,利用支持向量机进行遥感图像分类.研究结果表明,结合纹理特征的支持向量机分类的效果优于直接对灰度图像进行分类.     

一种基于小波系数局部特征的选择性遥感图像融合方法

提出了一种基于小波变换系数局部特征的自适应选择性遥感图像融合方法,方法的基本思想是根据多光谱和全色图像融合过程中小波分解后的低频和高频部分融合目的的不同,对分解得到的近似和各层各方向的细节分量分别运用3×3的移动模板逐一计算相应区域小波系数阵的不同局部特征量,然后选择适当的阈值,对图像的近似和细节分量分别应用不同的策略在小波域内进行选择性融合,最后通过小波和IHS逆变换得到融合的高分辨率多光谱图像。对比实验结果表明:本文的方法在较好地保留空间细节信息的同时,图像的光谱信息也得到了最大限度地保持。     

二维小波的提升方案及其在图像融合中的应用

提出了一种新的二维小波提升方法,并把它应用于图像融合中。该方法利用图像局部结构的相关性和方向性,将两个配准后的图像经过提升小波分解,合并相关系数,再通过逆变换,得到融合后图像。并引入信息熵、相关系数和清晰度等性能指标对融合后的图像进行分析。实验结果表明,此提升方法在融合速度以及融合后的图像质量上优于传统小波变换和张量积小波提升方法。     

基于颜色空间分布特征的图像检索

目前,基于颜色特征的图像检索大多是以图像的颜色直方图作为颜色特征,这种图像检索方法有简单高效的优点,但丢失了颜色的空间分布信息,该文从CT图像重建的理论中得到启发,将对一幅图像从几个方向的投影图作为这幅图像的颜色特征分布。为进一步减少检索时运算的数据量,对图像做小波分解,然后对分解后图像的低频子带做Radon变换得到颜色空间分布的特征向量,并根据这个特征进行检索,实验表明,当检索图像中有明显的颜色目标时,该方法比传统的颜色直方图法更精确,颜色空间性更强,而且检索用时更短。     

A wavelet transform method to merge Landsat TM and SPOT panchromatic data

To take advantage of the high spectral resolution of Landsat TM images and the high spatial resolution of SPOT panchromatic images (SPOT PAN), we present a wavelet transform method to merge the two data types. In a pyramidal fashion, each TM reflective band or SPOT PAN image was decomposed into an orthogonal wavelet representation at a given coarser resolution, which consisted of a low frequency approximation image and a set of high frequency, spatially-oriented detail images. Band-by-band, the merged images were derived by performing an inverse wavelet transform using the approximation image from each TM band and detail images from SPOT PAN. The spectral and spatial features of the merged results of the wavelet methods were compared quantitatively with those of intensity-hue-saturation (IHS), principal component analysis (PCA), and the Brovey transform. It was found that multisensor data merging is a trade-off between the spectral information from a low spatial-high spectral resolution sensor and the spatial structure from a high spatial-low spectral resolution sensor. With the wavelet merging method, it is easy to control this trade-off. Experiments showed that the simultaneous best spectral and spatial quality can only be achieved with wavelet transform methods, compared with the three other approaches examined.     

Medical image segmentation with transform and moment based features and incremental supervised neural network

In this study, a novel incremental supervised neural network (ISNN) is proposed for the segmentation of medical images. Performance of the ISNN is investigated for tissue segmentation in medical images obtained from various imaging modalities. Two feature extraction methods based on transform and moments are comparatively investigated to segment the tissues in medical images. Two-dimensional (2D) continuous wavelet transform (CWT) and the moments of the gray-level histogram (MGH) are computed in order to form the feature vectors of ultrasound (US) bladder and phantom images, X-ray computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) head images. In the 2D-CWT method, feature vectors are formed by the intensity of one pixel of each wavelet-plane of different energy bands. The MGH represents the tissues within the sub-windows by using the spatial variation of image intensities. In this study, the ISNN and Grow and Learn (GAL) network are employed for the segmentation task. It is observed that the ISNN has significantly eliminated the disadvantages of the GAL network in the segmentation of the medical images.     

Texture image retrieval using new rotated complex wavelet filters.

A new set of two-dimensional (2-D) rotated complex wavelet filters (RCWFs) are designed with complex wavelet filter coefficients, which gives texture information strongly oriented in six different directions (45 degrees apart from complex wavelet transform). The 2-D RCWFs are nonseparable and oriented, which improves characterization of oriented textures. Most texture image retrieval systems are still incapable of providing retrieval result with high retrieval accuracy and less computational complexity. To address this problem, we propose a novel approach for texture image retrieval by using a set of dual-tree rotated complex wavelet filter (DT-RCWF) and dual-tree-complex wavelet transform (DT-CWT) jointly, which obtains texture features in 12 different directions. The information provided by DT-RCWF complements the information generated by DT-CWT. Features are obtained by computing the energy and standard deviation on each subband of the decomposed image. To check the retrieval performance, texture database D1 of 1856 textures from Brodatz album and database D2 of 640 texture images from VisTex image database is created. Experimental results indicates that the proposed method improves retrieval rate from 69.61% to 77.75% on database D1, and from 64.83% to 82.81% on database D2, in comparing with traditional discrete wavelet transform based approach. The proposed method also retains comparable levels of computational complexity.     

基于小波包变换的遥感图象融合

为了能够更好地把来自多传感器的图象信息综合起来，以提高对图象信息的分析和提取能力，在研究了小波包图象分析法之后，提出了一种基于小波包变换的图象融合方法，由于小波包变换能对图象进行多层次分解，包括对小波变换没有细分的高频部分也能进行进一步的分解，因此小波包分析能够为图象提供一种比小波多分辨分析更加精细的分析方法，利用此融合算法将由多传感器获得的同一目标不同波段的遥感图象和不同分辨率的遥感图象进行融合后得到的融合图象，能够很好地将源图象的细节融合在一起，通过与该融合图象进行主观与客观的评价比较，证明该融合方法可以获得更好的融合效果。     

Fractional wavelet transform for the quantitative spectral resolution of the composite signals of the active compounds in a two-component mixture

Fractional calculus is a powerful tool that has been applied successfully for the analysis of the complex systems. One interesting example of a complex mixture is given by the multicomponent pharmaceutical samples having constant matrix content. The main aim of this study is to develop a new approach based on the combined use of the fractional wavelet transform (FWT) and the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) in order to quantify atorvastatin (ATO) and amlodipine (AML) in their mixtures without requiring a chemical pretreatment. In the first step, the absorption spectra of the compounds and their samples were processed by the FWT method. In the next step, the CWT approach was applied to the fractional wavelet spectra obtained in the above step. The aim of the application of FWT is data reduction corresponding to the spectra of compounds and their commercial samples. In the following step, the CWT was used for the quantitative resolution of the composite signals of the analyzed compounds. After method validation, the proposed signal processing methods based on the combined use of the FWT and the CWT were successfully applied to the resolution of the composite spectra for the quantitation of atorvastatin (ATO) and amlodipine (AML) in tablets.